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简介：Thispaperteststheideaofsubstitutingtheatmosphericobservationswithatmosphericreanalysiswhensettingupacoupleddataassimilationsystem.Thepaperfocusesonthequantificationoftheeffectsontheoceanicanalysisresultedfromthissubstitutionanddesignsfourdifferentassimilationschemesforsuchasubstitution.AcoupledLorenz96systemisconstructedandanensembleKalmanfilterisadopted.Theatmosphericreanalysisandoceanicobservationsareassimilatedintothesystemandtheanalysisqualityiscomparedtoabenchmarkexperimentwherebothatmosphericandoceanicobservationsareassimilated.Fourschemesaredesignedforassimilatingthereanalysisandtheydifferinthegenerationoftheperturbedobservationensembleandtherepresentationoftheerrorcovariancematrix.Theresultsshowthatwhenthereanalysisisassimilateddirectlyasindependentobservations,theroot-mean-squareerrorincreaseofoceanicanalysisrelativetothebenchmarkislessthan16%intheperfectmodelframework;inthebiasedmodelcase,theincreaseislessthan22%.Thisresultisrobustwithsufficientensemblesizeandreasonableatmosphericobservationquality(e.g.,frequency,noisiness,anddensity).Iftheobservationisoverlynoisy,infrequent,sparse,ortheensemblesizeisinsufficientlysmall,theanalysisdeteriorationcausedbythesubstitutionislessseveresincetheanalysisqualityofthebenchmarkalsodeterioratessignificantlyduetoworseobservationsandundersampling.Theresultsfromdifferentassimilationschemeshighlighttheimportanceoftwofactors:accuraterepresentationoftheerrorcovarianceofthereanalysisandthetemporalcoherencealongeachensemblemember,whicharecrucialfortheanalysisqualityofthesubstitutionexperiment.

简介：为了更好吸收，推进了初学者运作垂直更健全(ATOVS)发光数据并且为一个数字模型，提供更精确的起始的领域二个偏爱修正计划被采用改正ATOVS发光数据。在二个计划的差别在空气团偏爱修正躺在预言者使用。在计划1使用的预言者都从模型被获得第一猜测，当在计划2的那些来自第一猜测的模型和发光观察时。从二个计划的结果证明在偏爱修正以后，观察剩余变得对Gaussian分布更小、更靠近。为土地和海洋数据集合，从计划1获得的结果类似于从计划2的那些，它显示预言者能在ATOVS数据的偏爱修正被使用。

简介：四维的变化数据吸收(4DVar)是最有希望的方法之一为数字天气预言(NWP)提供最佳的分析。在世界上的五个国家NWP中心成功地在他们的全球NWP使用了4DVar方法，由于增长方法和伴随技术。然而，4DVar的应用程序被在许多NWP中心和研究院可得到的计算机资源仍然限制。因此，进一步减少4DVar的计算费用是必要的。这里，实现4DVar的一条节俭的途径被建议，用dimensionreduced设计(DRP)的技术，它被称为建议途径基于尺寸减小使用的鈥淒RP-4DVar.鈥?历史的样品到的一个整体定义subspace。它直接由恰当的观察在减少的空间获得一个最佳的答案，历史的时间系列由模型产生了到形成一致预报状态，因此不要求正切的伴随的实现线性近似。在吸收mesoscale观察的不同类型上评估DRP-4DVar的性能，一些观察系统模拟实验用MM5被进行，比较用一个6小时的吸收窗口在基于伴随的4DVar和DRP-4DVar之间被做。关键词4DVar-伴随-尺寸减小-历史的样品-观察系统模拟实验

简介：Accordingtothecharacteristicsofsodarecho,aclassifiedmethodfortemperaturestratificationisgiven.ByusingsodardataobservedinYanshanMountainareainBeijing,thestatisticalcharacteristicsfortheheightofinversionlayer,thermalplume,andthedepthofmixedlayerarecompared.Finally,theappearancefrequencyforstable,unstableandneutralstratificationisanalyzed.

简介：Anobjectivetechniqueoftropicalcyclone(TC)movingdirectionpredictionovertheNorthwesternPacificOceanduring2001-2002isstudiedusingGMS-5Outing-LongwaveRadiation(OLR)data.ThreeformulaeusedtopredictTCmovingdirectionin6,12and24h,respectively,havebeenobtainedbasedonamultiplelinearregressionframeworkandsomeregressionfactorsincludingseveralkindsofOLRcharacteristicvaluesandtheminimumsealevelpressureoftropicalcyclonecenter.ThemultiplecorrelationcoefficientsofthestatisticalanalysisusingtheinformationofTCsintheYearbookonTropicalCyclonestovalidatethesatellite-basedpredictionare0.954,0.945and0.914respectively.TheresultsaresatisfyingthroughcheckingoneoftheTCsin2001.ThetechniquescouldbeappliedinfutureoperationandwouldcontributetoTCmovementprediction,especiallytoasuddenchangeinTCmovingdirectionandimprovingtheforecastingandwiningcapability.

简介：那寻找的一个进化基于策略的错误parameterization方法最，理想的错误调整因素被开发获得更好的吸收结果。数字实验用一些古典非线性的模型被设计(即，Lorenz-63模特儿和Lorenz-96当模特儿)。进化策略的转线路和变化错误调整因素在四个方面被调查：Lorenz模型，整体尺寸，观察协变性，和观察间隔的起始的条件。为错误调整因素的搜索通常用尝试方法被执行。解决这个困难的问题，一个新数据吸收系统结合了基因算法被开发。方法在一些简化模型框架被测试，并且结果是令人鼓舞的。处理方法的进化基于策略的错误在Lorenz-96模型在完美、有瑕疵的模型情形下面要用体力地表现了。然而，到大气的更多的建筑群或陆地表面的方法论的应用程序为遗体建模被测试。

简介：Basedonacurrentfogdetectiontheory,amultibandthresholdmethodforMODISdatawasputforwardtodetectdaytimefogintheSouthChinaSea.ItusedBands1,2,18,20and31ofMODISdatatoseparatefogfromthecloudandtheseasurface.Thedigitaldetectionindexeswereasfollows.IfRB1<20%,RB2<20%andRB1>RB2,thepixelwasidentifiedtobetheseasurface.IfRB1>55%,RB2>55%andTB31<273K,thepixelwasidentifiedtobeamiddle-andhigh-levelcloud.IfIFC>20,thepixelwasclassifiedtobeseafog.ThemethodwasverifiedwithseafogdataobservedfromthecoastalregionofGuangdongduringJanuary-April2011.Outofthe13samplesofsatellitedetection,ninewereconsistentwiththesurfaceobservations,threewereidentifiedtobelow-levelthecloudaccordingtothesatellitedetectionbutfogaccordingtothesurfaceobservations,andonlyonesamplewasidentifiedtobetheoceansurfacebythesatellitedetectionbutfogbythesurfaceobservations.BecausetheMODISdatacannotpenetratethecloudorfog,themodelwasdesignedforasinglefieldofviewwhichhadonlyonelayerofcloudorfog.Itcanaccuratelydistinguishfogwhichisnotcoveredbythecloud,butitidentifiesfogascloudiftheformeriscoveredbyacloud.Generallyspeaking,themodeliseffectiveandfeasible.

简介：用先进研究WRF(ARWWRF)当模特儿并且Gridpoint统计插值(GSI)三维的变化分析(3DVAR)系统，吸收ATOVS的影响(先进初学者运作垂直更健全)通过原型社区放射的转移模型(pCRTM)的发光在预报在2005年6月20-21日在中国的东南发生在中央广东省上的重暴风雨上被评估。为这个盒子的一双比较实验(NODA和DA)与多重配置被进行，包括嵌套有4-km和12-km格子距离的领域。结果证明由通过数据吸收改变起始的条件，有偶极子的结构的一个修改分叉和潮湿领域与西南东北取向被加到雨线的轴。当一口西南的低级喷气(LLJ)带的更多的潮湿在Longmen的天文台车站附近被集成进雨线的东北部分时，，潮湿静电干扰精力(MSE)的振幅在中间的层次在底层实质地增加了，导致在在500hPa和850hPa之间的MSE扩大差别；空气变得更不稳定。因而，对流降雨在Longmen车站附近在省的东北部分增加了，它与降雨的观察分发一致。

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简介：TheSimplifiedSimpleBiospheremodel(SSiB)isvalidatedinoff-linesimulationsagainstfieldmeasurementsinthesummerof2001fromtheChinaHeavyRainfallExperimentandStudy(CHeRES)overagrasslandsitelocatedinthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Wheninitializedanddrivenbytheobservedatmosphericforcing,themodelreproducedtheobservedsurfaceheatfluxesandsurfaceskintemperaturerealistically.Themodelwasalsoabletowellsimulatethevariationofsoilwatercontent.Thesensitivityexperimentsfoundthattheleafreflectancewasthemostsignificantparameterinimprovingtheestimationofsurfacealbedoduringbothwetanddryperiods.Thisstudysuggeststhatthemodeliscapableofsimulatingthephysicalprocessesandofassessingtheimpactofbiophysicalparametersthatrelatetoland-atmosphereinteractionsovertheeasternAsianmonsoonregions,whichiscrucialformesoscaleatmosphericmodels.

简介：动态在三维的变化数据吸收抑制当在压力和风域上考虑流分叉和集中的影响时，被讨论。为严重热带气旋，正面的结构，和另外的很快变化的结构的分析，因地球自转而引起的平衡和线性平衡不能适当地代表在风和压力地之间的关系。然而，非线性的平衡增长方程考虑流动依赖者背景的信息，并且在3D-Var系统做反应到流动依赖者背景协变性。结果显示到3D-Var系统的非线性的平衡方程的应用程序改进严重热带气旋吸收系统的质量，它在热带气旋的紧张预言上有一些积极效果。[出版摘要]

简介：ThecharacteristicsoftheatmosphericboundarylayerheightovertheglobaloceanwerestudiedbasedontheConstellationObservationSystemofMeteorology,IonosphereandClimate(COSMIC)refractivitydatafrom2007to2012.Resultsshowthattheheightismuchcharacteristicofseasonal,inter-annualandregionalvariation.Globally,thespatialdistributionoftheannualmeantopheightshowsasymmetricalzonalstructure,whichismorezonalintheSouthernHemispherethanintheNorthernHemisphere.Theboundarylayertopishighestinthetropicsandgraduallydecreasestowardshigherlatitudes.Theheightisinarangeof3to3.5kminthetropics,2to2.5kminthesubtropicalregions,and1to1.5kmorevenlowerinmiddleandhighlatitudes.Thediurnalvariationofthetopheightisnotobvious,withtheheightvaryingfromtenstohundredsofmeters.Furthermore,itisdifferentfromregiontoregion,someregionshavethemaximumheightduring9:00to12:00,othersat15:00to18:00.

简介：台风Rananim(0414)被从分析的中心和暴风雨(帽子)的预言使用非静水力学的先进地区性的预言系统(ARPS)模仿了。Rananim的预言通常用新一代CINRADDoppler雷达数据与ARPS被改进了。有那或没有使用数据显示出的雷达的数字实验与在ARPS的光线的速度数据能改变的吸收雷达为起始的域建模在对流层的中间和高水平的风域；热带气旋(TC)的好特征被介绍进起始的风，TC的风速度南方的x部件被增加那么它向西是y部件。他们导致在时间TC轨道预报改进在以后乍见陆地。混合混合比率的比率，温度，云水混合比率和雨水的水蒸汽的地被使用雷达反射率数据也改进了。模型对hydrometeors的介绍的起始的反应被增加了。水平模型分辨率在紧张预报上有重要影响，这被显示出，由极大地改进特殊预报TC的TC降雨，和重暴风雨，以及它有时间的分发和变化。

简介：许多有缺点的雷达回响可以用雷达数据应用，特别雷达数据吸收和量的降水估计引起严重问题。在这研究，测试模式在CINRAD(中国新一代天气雷达)由测试信号或雷达硬件失败引起了SA和SB雷达运作的观察被调查。为了把测试模式与雷达回响的另外的类型区分开来，例如降水，清除空气和另外的非气象学的回响，包括有效反射率数据百分比(RZ)的五个特征参数，速度RF(合拢的范围)数据百分比(RRF)，失踪的速度数据百分比(RM)，平均沿着方位角反射率变化$\left({R_{N_{r，Z}}}\right)$并且平均沿着横梁反射率变化$\left({R_{N_{一，Z}}}\right)$被建议。基于模糊逻辑方法，一个测试模式鉴定算法被开发，并且从雷达回响的所有不同类型的统计结果显示算法的表演。有在测试模式内定位的重降水回响的二个典型箱子的分析被执行。统计结果证明测试模式鉴定算法表现很好，自从测试模式在大多数情况中被认出。而且，算法能有效地移开测试模式信号并且在重降雨事件保留强壮的降水回响。

简介：这研究检验与一个整体Kalman过滤器(EnKF)联合确定的四维的变化吸收系统(4DVAR)为数据吸收生产一条优异混合途径的性能。当在阻止过滤器分叉利用4DVAR时，从使用州依赖者的不确定性的联合吸收计划(E4DVAR)好处由EnKF提供了：4DVAR分析通过费用的最小化生产以后的最大的可能性答案整体不安关于被转变的功能，和产生整体分析能为下一个吸收周期并且作为整体预报的一个基础向前被宣传。这条联合途径的可行性和有效性与模仿的观察在一个理想化的模型被表明。E4DVAR能够在完美模型、有瑕疵模型的情形下面超过4DVAR和EnKF，这被发现。联合计划的性能比为标准EnKF或4DVAR实现的那些对整体尺寸或吸收窗口长度也不太敏感。

简介：Thenumericalforecastsofmei-yufrontrainstormsinChinahasbeenanimportantissue.Theintensityandpatternofthefrontalrainfallaregreatlyinfluencedbytheinitialfieldsofthenumericalmodel.The4-dimensionalvariationaldataassimilationtechnology(4DVAR)caneffectivelyassimilateallkindsofobserveddata,includingrainfalldataattheobservedstations,sothattheinitialfieldsandtheprecipitationforecastcanbothbegreatlyimproved.Thenon-hydrostaticmeso-scalemodel(MM5)anditsadjointmodelareusedtostudythedevelopmentofthemei-yufrontrainstormfrom1200UTC25Juneto0600UTC26June1999.Bynumericalsimulationexperimentsandassimilationexperiments,theT106dataandtheobserved6-hourrainfalldataareassimilated.Theinfluencesofmanyfactors,suchasthechoiceoftheassimilatedvariablesandtheweightingcoefficient,ontheprecipitationforecastresultsarestudied.Thenumericalresultsshowthat4DVARisvaluableandimportanttomei-yufrontrainfallprediction.

简介：Addressingthedifficultiesofscatteredandsparseobservationaldatainoceanscience,anewinterpolationtechniquebasedoninformationdiffusionisproposedinthispaper.Basedonafuzzymappingidea,sparsedatasamplesarediffusedandmappedintocorrespondingfuzzysetsintheformofprobabilityinaninterpolationellipsemodel.Toavoidtheshortcomingofnormaldiffusionfunctionontheasymmetricstructure,akindofasymmetricinformationdiffusionfunctionisdevelopedandacorrespondingalgorithm-ellipsemodelfordiffusionofasymmetricinformationisestablished.ThroughinterpolationexperimentsandcontrastanalysisoftheseasurfacetemperaturedatawithARGOdata,therationalityandvalidityoftheellipsemodelareassessed.

简介：Thisstudyexaminestheimpactsofland-usedataonthesimulationofsurfaceairtemperatureinNorthwestChinabytheWeatherResearchandForecasting(WRF)model.InternationalGeosphere-BiosphereProgram(IGBP)land-usedatawith500-mspatialresolutionaregeneratedfromModerateResolutionImagingSpectroradiometer(MODIS)satelliteproducts.ThesedataareusedtoreplacethedefaultU.S.GeologicalSurvey(USGS)land-usedataintheWRFmodel.BasedonthedatarecordedbynationalbasicmeteorologicalobservingstationsinNorthwestChina,resultsarecomparedandevaluated.ItisfoundthatreplacingthedefaultUSGSland-usedataintheWRFmodelwiththeIGBPdataimprovestheabilityofthemodeltosimulatesurfaceairtemperatureinNorthwestChinainJulyandDecember2015.Errorsinthesimulateddaytimesurfaceairtemperaturearereduced,whiletheresultsvarybetweenseasons.Thereissomevariationinthedegreeandrangeofimpactsofland-usedataonsurfaceairtemperatureamongseasons.UsingtheIGBPdata,thesimulateddaytimesurfaceairtemperatureinJuly2015improvesatarelativelysmallnumberofstations,buttoarelativelylargedegree;whereasthesimulationofdaytimesurfaceairtemperatureinDecember2015improvesatalmostallstations,butonlytoarelativelysmalldegree(within1℃).MitigationofdaytimesurfaceairtemperatureoverestimationinJuly2015isinfluencedmainlybythechangeingroundheatflux.ThemodificationofunderestimatedtemperaturecomesmainlyfromtheimprovementofsimulatednetradiationinDecember2015.

简介：ICSED(ImprovedClusterShadeEdgeDetection)algorithmandothervariousmethodstoaccuratelyandefficientlydetectedgesonsatellitedataarepresented.ErrorratecriterionisusedtostatisticallyevaluatetheperformancesofthesemethodsindetectingoceanicfeaturesforbothnoisefreeandnoisecontaminatedAVHRR(AdvancedVeryHighResolutionRadiometer)IRimagewithKuroshio.Also,practicalexperimentsindetectingtheeddyofKuroshiowiththesemethodsarecarriedoutforcomparison.ResultsshowthattheICSEDalgorithmhasmoreadvantagesthanothermethodsindetectingmesoscalefeaturesofocean.Finally,theeffectivenessofwindowsizeofICSEDmethodtooceanicfeaturesdetectionisquantitativelydiscussed.