简介:Inthecontextofrenewedinterestincollaborationinnaturalresourcemanagement,thecollaborativegovernanceapproachhaslatelybeenintroducedtotheforestProtectedAreas(PAs)inBangladesh.Theadoptionofthisco-managementapproachisseenasanattempttoinfluencethegovernanceprocesstowardsatransformationfromtheconventionalcustodiansystemtoamoreparticipatorymanagementregime.Recognitionofrightsandresponsibilities,effectiveparticipation,andequitabledistributionofbenefitsamongstthekeystakeholdersworkingunderafacilitativepolicyandlegalframeworkarebelievedtoaddressthebroadergoalsofsustainabledevelopmentNotwithstandingtheresurgenceofinterestingovernanceofforestPAsthroughtheco-managementapproach,academicresearchonthesubjectremainslimited.ThisarticleattemptstoreviewselectedkeyinformationandmilestonesontheforestPAsgovernancewithspecialreferencetothemajorpoliciesandlegaldocuments.Withabriefintroductorysection,thisarticlefocusesonthegenesisandselectedmajorfeaturesoftheForestPAsinthecountry.Thediscussionthendwellsonthepolicyandlegalframeworkandprovidesacritiqueonitsrelevanceforpromotingcommunityparticipation.Theexistinginstitutionalarrangementsforcommunityengagementinprotectedareagovernancearealsoanalyzedinlightofthenationalandinternationalcommitmentandpolicyobligationsonthepartofthecountry.Thesalientobservationsandkeyfindingsofthestudyincludethefollowing:(1)despiteitslimitations,comanagementasconceptandpracticehasgraduallytakenrootsinBangladesh;(2)thedegreeandlevelofactivecommunityparticipationremainlowandlimited,andthereisalsoclearweaknessinconscientizingandorientatingthelocalcommunityonthekeylegalandpolicyissuesrelatedtoPAgovernanceinthecountry;and(3)policymakers,practitioners,andotherlocalstakeholdersrelatedtoPAgovernanceneedtobeorientedoninternationalcommitmentandnationalde
简介:Basedontheconceptofecosystemcarryingcapacity,theindicatorsystemofquantitativeassessmentwassetup,whichconsistedofsupportindicatorsystemandpressureindicatorsystem.Andthefactoranalysismethodwasusedtoscreentheindicatorsystem.Differentfromthetraditionalindicatorweightdeterminationbasedontheabsolutevaluesofthecoefficientsofregressionequation,thesquaresoffactorloadingsintherotatedcomponentmatrixwereattemptedtodeterminetheweightsof40assessmentindicators.TheresultshowsthatecologicalsupportsystemandpressuresysteminBinhaiNewAreaarerelativelybalancedamongsixyears,andthedevelopinglevelofurbanecosystemisbasicallyhealthyonthewhole.However,duetocontinuouslyincreasingpressureoftheresourcesconsumptioncausedbytherapidgrowthofthesecondindustry,whichistheLeadingIndustryofBinhaiNewArea,theecosystemcarryingcapacityreachedtheminimumin2005.
简介:Thereisanobviousdeparturefromtheregionalequi-libriumofdevelopmentsbetweentheupperandlowerreachesofthePearlRiverinGuangdong,whichresultedin'theeffectsofcontra-geography-gradsdevelopment'.Itismainlybecausetheuprivermountainousareashavebeendeeplystuckinindustriali-zationdelayandmarginalizationplights,sothatnearly40millionlocalpeoplehaveconceivedadreamtogetridof'theviciouscircleofpoverty'byspeedingupindustrialdevelopment.Buttheproblemisthatsuchindustrializationeffortsonalargescaleinmountainousareasareencounteringthebottleneckofenviron-mentalcapacitythatstrictlylimitsindustrialemissionsalongtheupperreachesofanywatersystem.Asasolution,aninstitutionalarrangementcalled'theLocalAreaQuotasforIndustrialEmis-sionsalongthePearlRiver'isputforwardsupposedtogivecor-respondingcompensationtotherightsofindustrialdevelopmentyieldedbysomeareaswithlowerenvironmentalcapacitythroughthedistributionandtradingofIDQs.
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简介:Sincethe1990s,theYellowRiverstreamhasbeentemporarilyinterruptedforseveralyears,whichaffectsthedevelopmentofsociety,theeconomyandhumanlife,limitstheeconomicpotentialofthedrainageareas,andespeciallycausesgreatharmtoregionsonthelowerreaches.Basedontheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenthedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomyandwaterscarcity,theauthorthinksitisnecessarytooptimizeandadjusttheindustrialstructurethathasextravagantlyconsumedenormousamountsofwater,andtodevelopecologicalagriculture,industryandtourismwhicharebalancedwiththeecologicalenvironment.Finally,theauthorputsforwardseveralpiecesofadviceandcountermeasuresabouthowtobuildtheeconomicsystemsbywhichwatercanbeusedeconomically.
简介:RapidurbanizationinBeijingstimulatestheurbanlandexpansionanddiminishesavailableagriculturalland.Monofunctionalagriculturallandusecannotmeetthedemandofthedevel-opmentofthemultifunctionalagricultureandurbanizationanymore,somultifunctionalagriculturallanduseisgoingtobepromotedinthecity.Thisarticleproposestheevolvementofthelandusechangefrom1992to2004anddiscussessomeevolvementviews.
简介:Urbanizationisoneofthedrivingforcesforthelandusechangeintypeandstructure,anditsprominenteffectistoconvertrurallandtourbanland.ThispapertakesShan-dongProvinceasanexampletoanalyzethecurrentsituationofthemutualconversionbetweentheurbanandruralareasfromtheaspectsofthestructureoflanduse,thedecreasingtendencyofthecultivatedland,thechangesoflanduseinurbanandruralresidentialareas.Itpointsoutthatcultivatedlandisconvertedtoresidentialarealand,industrialand/orminingarealand.Therelationshipbetweentheurbanarealandandthecultivatedlandismoredirect;meanwhile,thechangesofruralresidentialarealagbehindobviously.Thedecreaseofthecultivatedlandandthedeclineofsoilqualitywillbethetwodifficultproblemsintheprocessofurbanization.
简介:Theattitudeoftheleastadvantagedpeopletoincomeinequalityisimportantinregardtosocialstability,whichisalsoamajorconcernofthegovernmentandresearchersinChina.ThispaperaimedtoinvestigatetheperceptionsandattitudesoftheleastadvantagedpeopletowardincomeinequalityinChina.Anempiricalanalysiswasconductedonfarmers’attitudestoincomeinequalitybasedonaquestionnairesurveyof308farmersinfourvillagesinYingshan,HubeiProvince.Ourresultsshowthattherespondentsconsidertheincomeinequalityassevere,andability,hardwork,andindividualchoicesarethemajordeterminantfactorsofincome.Itisshownthatfarmersinlessdevelopedareasaremorelikelytoacceptincomeinequality,andtheyascribethistotheirownfailureratherthantosocialinjustice.However,itisnotthecasethatpeoplelivinginpoverty-strickenareasaresatisfiedwithantipovertypolicies;andthesepoliciesareexpectedtobefurtherimprovedtoincreasetheincomeofthepoor.