简介：Historically,mastcellswereknownasakeycelltypeinvolvedintypeIhypersensitivity.Untillasttwodecades,thiscelltypewasrecognizedtobewidelyinvolvedinanumberofnon-allergicdiseasesincludinginflammatoryboweldisease(IBD).MarkedlyincreasednumbersofmastcellswereobservedinthemucosaoftheileumandcolonofpatientswithIBD,whichwasaccompaniedbygreatchangesofthecontentinmastcellssuchasdramaticallyincreasedexpressionofTNFα,IL-16andsubstanceP.TheevidenceofmastcelldegranulationwasfoundinthewallofintestinefrompatientswithIBDwithimmunohistochemistrytechnique.ThehighlyelevatedhistamineandtryptaselevelsweredetectedinmucosaofpatientswithIBD,stronglysuggestingthatmastcelldegranulationisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.However,littleisknownoftheactionsofhistamine,tryptase,chymaseandcarboxypeptidaseinIBD.Overthelastdecade,heparinhasbeenusedtotreatIBDinclinicalpractice.Thelowmolecularweightheparin(LMWH)waseffectiveasadjuvanttherapy,andthepatientsshowedgoodclinicalandlaboratoryresponsewithnoseriousadverseeffects.TherolesofPGD2,LTC4,PAFandmastcellcytokinesinIBDwerealsodiscussed.Recently,aseriesofexperimentswithdispersedcolonmastcellssuggestedthereshouldbeatleasttwopathwaysinmanformastcellstoamplifytheirownactivation-degranulationsignalsinanautocrineorparacrinemanner.Thehypothesisisthatmastcellsecretogoguesinducemastcelldegranulation,releasehistamine,thenstimulatetheadjacentmastcellsorpositivelyfeedbacktofurtherstimulateitshostmastcellsthroughH1receptor.Whereasreleasedtryptaseactssimilarlytohistamine,butactivatesmastcellsthroughitsreceptorPAR-2.Theconnectionsbetweencurrentanti-IBDtherapiesorpotentialtherapiesforIBDwithmastcellswerediscussed,implicatingfurtherthatmastcellisakeycelltypethatisinvolvedinthepathogenesisofIBD.Inconclusion,whilepathoge

简介：背景：训练的整个身体颤动(WBV)出现到豆子为在更老的个人训练的常规抵抗的有效选择。到目前为止，没有数据在心和肺的健康上关于振动效果存在。目的：这随机的ised控制了估计的试用在超过60岁的社区住所成年人在心和肺的健康和肌肉力量上训练的1年的WBV的效果。方法：220个成年人的一个总数(意味着年龄67.1年)随机被分到一个WBV组，健康组或控制组。在一个颤动平台上行使的TheWBV组，和健康组表演了心血管，抵抗，平衡和拉长的锻练。控制组没参予任何训练。心率在一个单个WBV会议期间被测量。山峰氧举起(VO2peak)和time-to-peak锻练(TPE)在进步自行车ergometry期间被测量。肌肉力量被一个测力计估计。结果：心率在WBV训练期间显著地增加了。在1年以后，VO2peak,TPE和肌肉力量在WBV和健康组显著地增加了。两个都训练的组在VO2peak和肌肉力量同样改善了。健康组比WBV组在TPE更显著地改善了。结论：WBV在社区住所训练老看起来有效改进心和肺的健康和肌肉力量。