简介：AbstractObjective:Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) expression is elevated in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), however, its clinical significance is not clear. Owing to the strong correlation between AMH and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), some studies believe that AMH alone can be used to diagnose PCOS. The aim of this study was to explore whether AMH can be used to diagnose PCOS and to differentiate the various PCOS subtypes.Methods:This was a retrospective study of 503 patients with PCOS. Patients were divided into eight subtypes based on the presence/absence of hyperandrogenemia (HA), insulin resistance (IR), or obesity (OB). The expression characteristics of AMH in each subtype were analyzed. Due to the small number of patients with subtypes 7 and 8, only patients with subtypes 1-6 were included in the analysis.Results:AMH showed a good positive correlation with PCOM (P = 0.000) and negative correlations with OB (P = 0.000) and IR (P = 0.003). The free testosterone index showed no correlation with AMH (P = 0.803). The percentages of patients with each subtype (excluding subtypes 7-8) and their respective AMH levels were as follows: Type 1 (HA + NIR + OB) 4.77% and 9.12 ng/mL; Type 2 (HA + IR + NOB) 20.68% and 10.34 ng/mL; Type 3 (HA + NIR + NOB) 23.66% and 9.47 ng/mL; Type 4 (HA + IR + OB) 30.82% and 8.32 ng/mL; Type 5 (NHA + NIR + NOB) 11.73% and 10.0 ng/mL; and Type 6 (NHA + IR + NOB) 6.16% and 9.76 ng/mL. The diagnostic rates of AMH (>8.09 ng/mL) and ultrasound for PCOM were 60.10% and 85.60%, respectively, suggesting that AMH did not completely predict PCOM.Conclusions:High AMH levels can be used to evaluate the incidence trend of PCOS. However, due to clinical heterogeneity, accurately evaluating the severity of PCOS and identifying the subtype of PCOS in Chinese patients are difficult. Individualized treatment should be administered based on accurate clinical subtypes and other clinical characteristics.

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简介：我们定义m复杂物是矩阵Kn

简介：Leptinistheproteinproductencodedbytheobese(ob)gene.Itisacirculatinghormoneproducedprimarilybytheadiposetissue.ob/obmicewithmutationsofthegeneencodingleptinbecomemorbidlyobese,infertile,hyperphagic,hypothermic,anddiabetic.Sincethecloningofleptinin1994,ourknowledgeinbodyweightregulationandtheroleplayedbyleptinhasincreasedsubstantially.Wenowknowthatleptinsignalsthroughitsreceptor,OB-R,whichisamemberofthecytokinereceptorsuperfamily.Leptinservesasanadipositysignaltoinformthebraintheadiposetissuemassinanegativefeedbackloopregulatingfoodintakeandenergyexpenditure.Leptinalsoplaysimportantrolesinangiogenesis,immunefunction,fertility,andboneformation.Humanswithmutationsinthegeneencodingleptinarealsomorbidlyobeseandrespondtoleptintreatment,demonstratingthatenhancingorinhibitingleptin'sactivitiesinvivomayhavepotentialtherapeuticbenefits.

简介：Asacontinuationof[1],theauthorstudiesthelimitcyclebifurcationaroundthefocusS1otherthanO(0,0)forthesystem(1)asδvaries.Aconjectureonthenon-existenceoflimitcyclesaroundS1,andanotheroneonthenon-coexistenceoflimitcycleswoundbothOandS1aregiven,togetherwithsomenumericalexamples.

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简介：Forthequadraticsystem:x=-y+δx+lx^2+ny^21y=x(1+ax-y)undercondtions-1<1<0,n+l-1>0theauthordrawsinthe(a,b)parameterplanetheglobalbifurcationdiagramoftrajectoriesaroundO(0,0).Noticethatwhenna^2+1<0thesystemhasonesaddleN(0,1/n)andthreeantisaddles.

简介：In2001and2002,publicationoftheresultsofthreelargerandomizedcontrolledtriais(RCTs)changedourunderstandingoftherisksandbenefitsofhormonereplacementtherapy(HRT),leadingtonewguidancefromnationaladvisorybodiesonitsuse.Manyclinicaliyrelevantquestionsremainunanswered,butparadoxicallythereultsofrecenttrialsmayhavemadeitmoredifficulttodesignthestudiesnecessarytoanswerthesequestions.TheUKWISDOMtrial(oestrogen-progestogenvsplaceboinhealthywomen),forexample,hasbeendiscontinued.

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简介：Anuranmetamorphosisinvolvessystematictransformationsofindividualorgansinathyroidhormone(TH)-dependentmanner.Morphologicalandcellularstudieshaveshownthattheremovaloflarvalorgans/tissuessuchthetailandthetadpoleintestinalepitheliumisthroughprogrammedcelldeathorapop-tosis.RecentmolecularinvestigationssuggestthatTHregulatesmetamorphosisbyregulatingtargetgeneexpressionthroughthyroidhormonereceptors(TRs),whichareDNA-bindingtranscriptionfactors.Cloning

简介：Notopterygiumincisum(QH)hasbeenusedforthetreatmentofrheumatoidarthritis(RA),andvolatileoilsmaybeitsmainlybioactiveconstituents.ThepresentstudywasdesignedtoanalyzethevolatilecompoundsinQHandtodeterminetheanti-arthriticcapacityofNotopterygiumvolatileoilsandthepotentialmechanismofaction.ThevolatilecompoundsanalysiswasconductedbyGC-MS.Theanti-arthriticcapacitytestofthevolatileoilswasconductedonadjuvant-inducedarthritis(AIA)rats.Theanti-inflammatorypropertywastestedinNOreleasemodelinRAW264.7cells.Endothelialcellswereusedtoevaluatetheanti-proliferativeandanti-tubeformativeeffects.70compoundswereanalyzedbyGC-MSinthevolatileoils.NotopterygiumvolatileoilsweakenedtheratAIAinadose-dependentmanner(2,4,and8gcrudedrug/kg).TheNOproductionbyRAW264.7wasdecreasedbymorethan50%inNotopterygiumvolatileoils(5,15,and45μg·mL-1)pretreatedgroups.NotopterygiumvolatileoilsalsoinhibitedEAhy926cellproliferationandfurtherdelayedEAhy926cellcapillarytubeformationinaconcentration-dependentmanner.Theanti-NOproductive,anti-proliferative,andanti-tubeformativeeffectsofNotopterygiumvolatileoilsstronglysuggestedthatthetherapeuticeffectofQHinAIAmightberelatedtothepotentanti-inflammatoryandanti-angiogeniccapacitiesofthevolatileoils.

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简介：Carbon-containingrefiactoriesareeasilyoxidizedathightenperature,thusmakingserviceliferapidlydrop.Theanti-oxidationmethods,suchasimpregnationandaddinganti-oxidatonagents,can'tmeettherequire-mentsofindustry'sdevelopmentandsomespecialcases,Byanalyzingthecharcteristicsofseveraloxidesandnon-oxidesrawmaerials,theoxidationresistantmechanismoftherefractoryanti-oxidationcoatings(RAOC),whichpossessthecharacteristcofself-healingathighttemperature,isdiscussed.

简介：ObjectivesToobservetherelationshipbetweenThyroidHormone(TH)levelandbloodlipidlevelinthehealthyelderlywiththerapyofsmalldoseofTH.MethodsAtotalof120healthyoldpersonswererandomlydividedintotwogroups:60oldpersonsastreatmentgroupandother60personsascontrolgroup.Eachpersoninthetreatmentgrouptookathyroidtablet10mgdailycontinuouslyforsixmonthswhilethecontrolgrouptookVitB130mgdailyinsteadofthyroidtablet.ThelevelofTH,M-TSH,FT3,FT4,TT4,rT3,TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C,ApoA1weremeasuredintwogroupsbeforeandafterreceivingTHorVit.B1treatment.ResultsInthetreatmentgroupthelevelofTHincreasedobviously.AndTC,TG,LDL-ClevelsdecreasedalsotosomeextentwhileHDL-C,ApoAllevelsincreasedslightlywhichwassignificantwhencomparedwiththecontrolgroupandpre-treatmentgroup.ConclusionsTousesmalldoseofTHassupplementtreatmentcanincreasetheTHlevelofhealthyoldpersonsanddecreasethei

简介：AIM:Tocomparethecornealparametersofchildrenwithcongenitalisolatedgrowthhormonedeficiencyandhealthysubjects.METHODS:Inthiscross-sectional,prospectivestudy,50caseswithgrowthhormone(GH)deficiencytreatedwithrecombinantGHand71healthychildrenunderwentacompleteophthalmicexamination.Thecornealhysteresis(CH),cornealresistancefactor(CRF),Goldmann-correlatedintraocularpressure(IOPg)andcorneal-compensatedintraocularpressure(IOPcc)weremeasuredwiththeOcularResponseAnalyzer(ORA).Centralcornealthickness(CCT)wasmeasuredbyaultrasonicpachymeter.RESULTS:Themeanagewas13.0±3.0yearsintheGHdeficiencygroupconsistingof21femalesand29malesand13.4±2.4yearsinthehealthychildrengroupconsistingof41femalesand30males.Therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthegroupsforgenderorage(Chi-squaretest,P=0.09;independentttest,P=0.28,respectively).ThemeandurationofrecombinantGHtherapywas3.8±2.4yinthestudygroup.ThemeanCH,CRF,IOPgandIOPccvalueswere11.0±2.0,10.9±1.9,15.1±3.3,and15.1±3.2mmHgrespectivelyinthestudygroup.Thesamevalueswere10.7±1.7,10.5±1.7,15.2±3.3,and15.3±3.4mmHgrespectivelyinthecontrolgroup.ThemeanCCTvalueswere555.7±40.6,545.1±32.5μminthestudyandcontrolgroupsrespectively.TherewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthetwogroupsforCH,CRF,IOPg,IOPccmeasurementsorCCTvalues(independentt-test,P=0.315,0.286,0.145,0.747,0.13respectively).CONCLUSION:OurstudysuggeststhatGHdeficiencydoesnothaveaneffectonthecornealparametersandCCTvalues.ThisobservationcouldbebecauseofthedurationbetweenthebeginningofdiseaseandthediagnosisandbeginningofGHtherapy.

简介：AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a fasting or stress inducible metabolic hormone produced mainly in the liver. It plays important roles in regulating both glucose and lipid homeostasis via interacting with a heterodimeric receptor complex comprising FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and β-klotho (KLB). For the past decade, great effort has been made on developing FGF21 derivatives or specific FGF21 receptor agonists into therapeutic agents for various metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and more importantly, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we have reviewed FGF21 gene and protein structures, its expression pattern, cellular signaling cascades that mediate FGF21 production and function. We have then summarized the six clinical trials utilizing four FGF21 analogues. Finally, two recent literatures on the development of GLP-1 and FGF21 dual agonists were presented briefly.

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