简介：AbstractPancreatic surgery contains several major procedures of pancreatectomy. Surgical trauma, severe complications and preoperative nutritional disorders will affect postoperative recovery and clinical outcomes of patients. Perioperative whole-course nutrition management focus on rational nutritional care from admission to discharge even post-hospital follow-up, including preoperative nutritional screening, perioperative nutrition assessment and intervention. The whole-course strategy has been validated in some other fields by RCTs and is also seemed to be suitable for pancreatic surgery. However, few high-grade evidences have been published and controversy still exists. This review aims to reflect the current situation, consensus and controversy of perioperative nutrition management in pancreatic surgery, expecting to provide necessary guidance for clinical research and practice.

简介：AbstractThe contemporary embrace of endoscopic technology in the approach to the anterior skull base has altered the perioperative landscape for patients requiring pituitary surgery. Utility of a multi-disciplinary unit in management decisions facilitates the delivery of optimal care. Evolution of technology and surgical expertise in pituitary surgery mandates ongoing review of all components of the care central to these patients. The many areas of potential variability in the pre, intra and post-operative timeline of pituitary surgery are readily identifiable. Core undertakings and contemporary controversies in the peri-operative management of patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery are assessed against the available literature with a view to providing guidance for the best evidence-based practice.

简介：BasedonthepreviousstudyoncultivationnutritionofCunninghamialanceolataplantationsoffirstgeneration,thecultivationnutritionofC.lanceolataplantationswithmulti-generationwasstudied.Theresultsshowthattherearesignificantdifferencesinthegrowth,developmentandnutrientassimilationamongC.lanceolataplantationswithdifferentgenerationsandnutritionconditions.ThesedifferencesarecloselyrelatedtothelandfertilitydeclineofC.lanceolataplantations.Thispaperde...

简介：AbstractSince December 2019, a pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus, i.e. COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Although the epidemic in China has been bought under control, the global COVID-19 situation is still grim. Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), as one of critical conditions in the department of neurosurgery, requires an early and effective treatment, especially surgery. There were currently no reliable guidelines on how to perform perioperative protection in TBI patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus infection. According to the corresponding treatment regulations and guidelines issued by the authorities, we summarized the management strategy of TBI patients in perioperative period during the COVID-19 outbreak based on medical and nursing practice, in order to provide a reference for clinicians.

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简介：TheChildNutritionPrograminvitesallstudentstoparticipateintheschoolbreakfastandlunchprogramatschool.Ourgoalistoimprovethehealthandeducationofstudentsbyprovidingnutritiousmealsthatpromotefoodchoicesforahealthydiet.Failuretoeatbalancedmealsincreasestheriskofillnessincludingobesity,

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简介：AseriesofresearchesonthenutritionproblemsinthecultivationofChinesefirseedlingsandplantations,whicharemainlyfocusontheproblemsofseriouslanddegradationinChinesefirplantationsincontradictionwiththerapiddevelopmentoftheplantationsinChina,weresummarized.Twelveyearswastakenandmorethan30piecesofresearchpaperswerepublishedfortheresearches,whichreferstotheproblemsofgrowtheffect,physiologicaleffect,vegetationvariation,biomassaccumulation,n...

简介：Enteralnutritionhasbeenstronglyrecommendedbymajorscientificsocietiesforthenutritionalmanagementofpatientswithacutepancreatitis.Providingsevereacutepancreatitispatientswithenteralnutritionwithinthefirst24-48hofhospitaladmissioncanhelpimproveoutcomescomparedtoparenteralnutritionandnofeeding.Newresearchisfocusinginonwhenandwhattofeedtobestimproveoutcomesforacutepancreatitispatients.Earlyenteralnutritionhavethepotentialtomodulatetheimmuneresponses.Despitethisconsistentevidenceofearlyenteralnutritioninpatientswithacutepancreatitis,clinicalpracticecontinuestovaryduetoindividualclinicianpreference.Achievingtheimmunemodulatingeffectsofenteralnutritionheavilydependonproperplacementofthefeedingtubeandmanaginganytubefeedingassociatedcomplications.Thecurrentarticlereviewstheimmunemodulatingeffectsofenteralnutritionandpro-andprebioticsandsuggestssomepracticaltoolsthathelpimprovethepatientadherenceandtolerancetothetubefeeding.Properselectionofthetypeofthetube,closemonitoringofthetubeforitsplacement,patencyandsecuringitsproperplacementandroutinecheckingthegastricresidualvolumecouldallhelpimprovetheoutcome.Usingpeptide-basedandhighmediumchaintriglyceridesfeedingformulashelpimprovingfeedingtolerance.

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简介：Theuseofenteralfeedingaspartofthemanagementofacutepancreatitisdatesbackalmosttwodecades.Thisreviewdescribestheindicationsforandlimitationsofenteralfeedingforthetreatmentofacutepancreatitisusingup-to-dateevidence-baseddata.Asystematicreviewwascarriedouttoanalysecurrentdataontheuseofenteralnutritioninthemanagementofacutepancreatitis.Relevantliteraturewasanalysedfromtheviewpointsofenteralvsparenteralfeeding,earlyvsdelayedenteralnutrition,nasogastricvsnasojejunalfeeding,andearlyoraldietandimmunonutrition,particularlyglutamineandprobioticsupplementation.Finally,currentapplicableguidelinesandtheeffectsoftheseguidelinesonclinicalpracticearediscussed.Thelatestmeta-analysessuggestthatenteralnutritionsignificantlyreducesthemortalityrateofsevereacutepancreatitiscomparedtoparenteralfeeding.Tomaintaingutbarrierfunctionandpreventearlybacterialtranslocation,enteralfeedingshouldbecommencedwithinthefirst24hofhospitaladmission.Also,thesafetyofnasogastricfeeding,whicheasestheadministrationofenteralnutrientsintheclinicalsetting,islikelyequaltonasojejunalfeeding.Furthermore,anearlylow-fatoraldietispotentiallybeneficialinpatientswithmildpancreatitis.Despitetheinitialencouragingresults,thecurrentevidencedoesnotsupporttheuseofimmunoenhancednutrientsorprobioticsinpatientswithacutepancreatitis.

简介：硅(Si)经由钙硅酸盐的申请被供应了到植物到土壤；然而，因为它的低溶解度，钙硅酸盐的高剂量被要求。Nanoparticles能减少Si剂量并且被用于播种沟。这研究调查了液体Si来源的效果，即，高度可溶的硅酸盐(115.2gL1Si和60.5gL1Na2O)并且nanosilica(<200nm)，在Si上，由米饭的举起种，植物木质化，植物C:N:Pstoichiometry，植物生理学，和谷物在greanhousecondistions下面用Oxisol让步。处理包括了nanosilica和可溶的硅酸盐的申请到在0，605，1210，和2420g的Si剂量播种沟哈1。植物举起和处理效果被测量累积，生理的特征，和谷物米饭产出的C和木质素内容，Si，N，和P评估。在标志叶子的硅石身体和非结晶的硅石的免职用扫描电子显微镜学被分析。液体Si的申请在与控制的关系在米饭增加了Si累积47.3%(0g哈1Si)，不管Si，来源使用了。Nanosilica申请增加了叶木质素内容112.7%什么时候与那相比在控制。硅中等影响了网C吸收(增加了1.83%)并且蒸发率(增加了48.3%)；然而，Si影响了既不植物生长也不米饭的谷物产量。这些结果被关於生命或不能生活的应力的缺乏在实验期间在米饭植物解释。就我们的知识而言，在巴西农业，这在植物营养上作为Si化肥和它的效果是nanosilica的使用上的第一份报告。这研究提供米饭植物吸收并且积累nanoparticles的证据；然而，进一步的研究被要求在另外的植物种类调查nanoparticles的使用。

简介：钾(K)在植物影响生理的过程的一个范围并且是控制庄稼生产率和收益质量的一个关键因素。很少信息都不有关切割花植物的功能上的K营养的效果是可得到的。现在的学习被执行调查在K和N营养之间的相互作用，在花数量和毛莨属asiaticusL的质量上。植物与Kfertigation的三个层次被供应(60，120，或180mgKL−；1)不到50mgNL−；1应用，并且在120mgKL−的中间的水平；1，到N应用的三个层次(50，100，或150mgNL−；1)。二最低K治疗和最低N治疗由于更低的发生在花生产为佼佼者倒下茎，在很快扩展花茎的纸巾与局部性的Ca缺乏联系的混乱。有害效果在180mgKL−的供应下面已经以收益质量是明显的；1和50mgNL−；1，并且没在渗透的潜在的、相对的水内容或植物织物的膜稳定性与变化被联系，或与在除在高N申请下面的减少的Ca以外的叶子的矿物质内容的变化。我们的结果建议R的一个低营养的要求。asiaticusL。为K和N，在在K和N的高集中的申请下面的减少的花质量的织物水关系的参与的缺乏，和茎由Ca的减少的可获得性在N和K的高申请下面倒下到花的膨胀织物的正式就职起源。

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简介：AbstractObjective:Management of postoperative pain after head and neck cancer surgery is a complex issue, requiring a careful balance of analgesic properties and side effects. The objective of this review is to discuss the efficacy and safety of multimodal analgesia (MMA) for these patients.Methods:Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov were systematically searched for all comparative studies of patients receiving MMA (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, anticonvulsants, local anesthetics, and corticosteroids) for head and neck cancer surgeries. The primary outcome was additional postoperative opioid usage, and secondary outcomes included subjective pain scores, complications, adverse effects, and 30-day outcomes.Results:A total of five studies representing 592 patients (MMA, n = 275; non-MMA, n = 317) met inclusion criteria. The most commonly used agents were gabapentin, NSAIDs, and acetaminophen (n = 221), NSAIDs (n = 221), followed by corticosteroids (n = 35), dextromethorphan (n = 40), and local nerve block (n= 19). Four studies described a significant decrease in overall postoperative narcotic usage with two studies reporting a significant decrease in hospital time. Subjective pain scores widely varied with two studies reporting reduced pain at postoperative day 3. There were no differences in surgical outcomes, medical complications, adverse effects, or 30-day mortality and readmission rates.Conclusion:MMA is an increasingly popular strategy that may reduce dependence on opioids for the treatment of postoperative pain. A variety of regimens and protocols are available for providers to utilize in the appropriate head and neck cancer patient.

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简介：Cimetidine(CIM)isahistaminetype2receptorantagonistwidelyusedtotreatpepticulcers.Italsohasimportanteffectsontheimmunesystem.TheadministrationofCIMhasbeenfoundtopreserve,tosomedegree,patient’sperioperativeimmunecapability.']However,whethertheuseofCIMca...

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