简介：SpatialobjectandspatialrelationshiparetwobasicconceptsofGIS.Spatialobjectisthedigitalrepresentationofgeographicalentityorphenomenon,whichformsthebasisfordatamanagementandanalysis;spatialrelationshipistheconnexionbetweenspatialobjectswhengeometricpropertiesareconsidered.Thecommonlyusedclassificationofspatialobjectsaspoints,linesandareasismathe-maticallystrict,andsuitablefordatamanagement,butabittoogeneralizedforrepresentingrealentitiesandextractingspatialrelationships.Agoodclassificationmodelshouldnotonlybegoodforrepresentingrealentities,butalsogoodforre-vealingspatialrelationships,thereforegoodforformalizingspatialanalyses.

简介：Thispaperattemptstoregardspatialrelationtransformationasanimportantprocessinmapgener-alization.Thespatialrelationgenerali-zationcanbedividedintothecompo-nentsofabstraction:topology,dis-tanceandorientation.Theconcept‘spatialrelationresolution'isintro-ducedtodescribetheconstraintsofrelativespatialrelation.Onthebasisofnineintersectionmodels,thecardi-naldirectionmodelsandtheiso-dis-tance-relationmodels,thispapergivesthreesortsofrelationresolutionrepre-sentationsfortopological,distanceandorientationrelation,respectively.Twomappingimplementationsinmapgen-eralizationisdiscussed.

简介：Ortho_imageswillfullybeintegratedinGIS.Nodoubt,GISforgeneralpurposeisusablewithouttheintegrationofortho_imagesandotherrasterdata.ForsmallGISprojectsitmaybesufficienttostoreinformationassimplefiles.Whendatavolume,however,becomeslargeandthenumberofdatausersbecomesmorethanafew,thedatabasemanagementsystembecomesthemostimportantcomponent.Forinstance,thebasicdesignofGeoStarisbasedontheClient/ServerarchitectureandusinglargeRDBSandOODBStomanagetherasterandvectordatasuchasgraphicdata,attributedata,imagedataandDEMatthesameframework,whichisathoroughandseamlessintegratedsolutionforGISapplications.Thebriefstructureofdatabase,whichisreallyhybridandintegrated,isshowninFig.1.　　Inordertoprovidemoreefficientdataaccessorbrowseforalargearea,thevectordataisorganizedaccordingtotheclassifiedspatialindexbasedonanextendedquadtreecodestoredasclusterrelatedtothefeaturesize,asshowninFig.2.TherasterdatalikeimageandDEMisorganizedinpyramidgrid_dedmanner(Fig.3).EspeciallywearefacingtheproblemofmultiscaledatabaseswithindifferentcoordinatesystemsanddifferentmapprojectionsinChina,themoresophisticateddatabasesintegrationmethodthereforehastobedevelopedtodealwiththesocalled“crossingtheprojectionzone'problem.

简介：大多数geospatial现象能被解释概率的联盟者因为我们不知道生物物理的过程和机制，那联合创造了并且观察事件。因为我们关于在在取样的地点的学习下面的现象肯定，这哲学是重要的，除了测量错误，，但是，在之间取样，我们关于现象怎么表现变得不明确。Geostatistical不确定性描述是以如此的一个方法产生随机数，他们模仿创造了存在样品数据的随机过程的结果。存在样品的这个集合被看作那个随机的功能模型的一条部分取样的认识。随机的功能的空间可变性被一张变量图或协变性模型描述。在他们的地点奖励样品数据，并且反映空间结构的认识到的表面需要由变量图模型确定了。他们应该各复制整个采样区域的样品直方图代表。这篇论文将由盖住univariate和指示物技术在随机的模拟考察基础希望他们在geospatial信息科学的应用将普遍、多产。

简介：TheInternettechnologyhasalreadychangedtheInformationSocietyinprofoundways,andwillcontinuetodoso.NowadaysmanypeopleforeseethatthereisasimilartrajectoryforthenextgenerationofInternet-GridTechnology.Asanemergingcomputationalandnetworkinginfrastructure,GridComputingisdesignedtoprovidepervasive,uniformandreliableaccesstodata,computationalandhumanresourcesdistributedinadynamic,heterogeneousenvironment.Ontheotherhand,thedevelopmentofGeographicInformationSystem(GIS)hasbeenhighlyinfluencedbytheevolutionofinformationtechnologysuchastheInternet,telecommunications,softwareandvarioustypesofcomputingtechnology.Inparticular,inthedistributedGISdomain,thedevelopmenthasmadesignificantimpactinthepastdecade.However,duetotheclosedandcentralizedlegacyofthearchitectureandthelackofinteroperability,modularity,andflexibility,currentdistributedGISstillcannotfullyaccommodatethedistributed,dynamic,heterogeneousandspeedydevelopmentinnetworkandcomputingenvironments.Hence,thedevelopmentofahighperformancedistributedGISsystemisstillachallengingtask.So,thedevelopmentofGridcomputingtechnologyundoubtedlyprovidesauniqueopportunityfordistributedGIS,andaGridComputingbasedGISparadigmbecomesinevitable.ThispaperproposesanewcomputingplatformbaseddistributedGISframework–theGridGeographicInformationSystem(G2IS).

简介：Indexingtechniqueshavebeendevelopedforwirelessdatabroadcastenvironments,inordertoconservethescarcepowerresourcesofthemobileclients.However,theuseofinterleavedindexsegmentsinabroadcastcycleincreasestheaverageaccesslatencyfortheclients.Inthispaper,thebroadcast-basedspatialqueryprocessingmethods(BBS)arepresentedforthelocation-basedservices.IntheBBS,broadcasteddataobjectsaresortedsequentiallybasedontheirlocations,andtheserverbroadcaststhelocationdependentdataalongwithanindexsegment.Then,asequentialprefetchingandcachingschemeisdesignedtoreducethequeryresponsetime.Theperformanceofthisschemeisinvestigatedinrelationtovariousenvironmentalvariables,suchasthedistributionsofthedataobjects,theaveragespeedoftheclientsandthesizeoftheservicearea.

简介：CopyrightSubmissionofamanuscriptimplies:thattheworkdescribedhasnotbeenpublishedbefore(exceptintheformofanabstractoraspartofapub-lishedlecture,review,orthesis);thatitisnotunderconsiderationforpub-licationelsewhere;thatitspublicationhasbeenapprovedbyallco-authors,

简介：Spatialapplicationswillgainhighcomplexityasthevolumeofspatialdataincreasesrapidly.Asuitabledataprocessingandcomputinginfrastructureforspatialapplicationsneedstobeestablished.Overthepastdecade,gridhasbecomeapowerfulcomputingenvironmentfordataintensiveandcomputingintensiveapplications.Integratinggridcomputingwithspatialdataprocessingtechnology,theauthorsdesignedaspatialdataprocessinggrid(calledSDPG)toaddresstherelatedproblems.RequirementsofspatialapplicationsareexaminedandthearchitectureofSDPGisdescribedinthispaper.KeytechnologiesforimplementingSDPGarediscussedwithemphasis.

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简介：masker与maskee的理论分析和实验是空间的在方位角的分离证明当masker和maskee空间地被分开时，阀值趋于到落下和空间揭露的producethe现象。结果也证明空间揭露与频率有关。频率越高，空间揭露是越多stronger。最大的揭露是15dB。主要暗示是masker和maskee什么时候采购原料，空间地在方位角被分开，因为头的影响，单耳的Signal-to-Mask比率(SMR)将增加相关转移功能(HRTF)。同时，由更高听觉的系统的听觉的信息的有两耳的处理是空间揭露的另一个原因。

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简介：在分数维的点模式在点过程当模特儿和参数评价的统计方法当模特儿之间的关系被考察。由使用RipleysK功能的簇分数维图形尺寸的统计评价与更通常使用的方法比较有优点数盒子并且因为它为边效果，不是仅仅为矩形的学习区域而且为学习区域改正，弄弯的边界由地区性的地质学决定了，聚类分数维的尺寸评价。申请对点模式的分数维的尺寸有的估计数盒子一般来说，它服从于相对强壮的滚边的劣势为更小的框完成。例如在这份报纸使用的点模式主要为在加拿大的盾上的Abitibi暴烈的带的金存款。另外，这被建议，全球podiformCr的本地点模式，巨大的硫醚和斑岩铜扔的volcanogenic，它不规则地空间地分布式在以内塑造了有利的道，与类似的分数维的尺寸满足分数维的聚类模型。存款尺寸(金属吨位)的问题也被考虑。几个例子Pareto分发在金属尺寸频率分发建模为最大的存款在提供好结果的盒子被提供。

简介：Whenthesignalsreceivedbyanytwoarrayelementsarenotfullycorrelated,theperformanceofDOA(DirectionOfArrival)estimationmethodsmightdegradeiftheplane-wavemodelassumptionisstillused.Fornarrowbanduniformlineararray,byutilizingthepropertyofToeplitzmatrix,itisprovedthatthereceivedsignalscanbeexpressedasthesumofseveralplane-wavesignals,whichcanbeviewedasthe'splitting'partsofthetruesources.The'splitting'ofsourcesmakesitdifficulttoestimatethetruenumberofsources.Asaresult,spuriouspeaksmightoccurinthespatialspectrumwhensubspace-basedhigh-resolutionspatialspectrumestimationtechniqueisused.

简介：Weusenondegeneratefour-wavemixingtostudythespatialresolutionofphotorefractivesemi-insulatingmulatiplequantumwellsgrownbymolecularbeamepitaxy.Byoptimizingtheexperimentalconditions,wehavedemonstratedthatoursamplehasspatialresolutionupto2.5μm,whichapproachesthetheoreticallimit.Wealsoanalysethefactorsthataffectthespatialresolutionofmultiplequantumwells.

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简介：SeveralfactorsareselectedtoreflectthetemporalandspatialfeaturesofseismicityinSouthwestChina.Themeasurementsofthefactorsarealltakenfromthestatisticalrelationbetweenthefactorsandactualearthquakes,andmakethefactorspossessacertainprobabilisticpredictionmeaningandthebaseformutualcontrast.Theeffectsofpredictionofpartofthefactorshavebeenevaluatedandusedtocorrectthefactors.Threesetsofseismicspatialdistributionfunctionshavebeencalculatedbyusingthreedifferentmethodsanddiscussedindetail.

简介：ThepropertyofNPcompletenessoftopologicspatialreasoningproblemhasbeenproved.Accordingtothesimilarityofuncertaintywithtopologicspatialreasoning,theproblemofdirectionalspatialreasoningshouldbealsoanNPcompleteproblem.TheproofforthepropertyofNPcompletenessindirectionalspatialreasoningproblemisbasedontwoimportanttransformations.Afterthesetransformations,aspatialconfigurationhasbeenconstructedbasedondirectionalconstraints,andthepropertyofNPcompletenessindirectionalspatialreasoninghasbeenprovedwiththehelpoftheconsistencyoftheconstraintsintheconfiguration.

简介：ThisletterpresentsanovelspatialerrorconcealmentalgorithmfortheH.264videocoding.Theerrorconcealmentalgorithmisbasedondirectionalinterpolation.Mojettetransformisusedtoestimatetheorientationfeaturesofthedamagedblocks,andtheimageisinterpolatedintheappro-priatedirections.Theproposedmethodiscomparedwithbilinearinterpolationalgorithmintheref-erenceimplementationofH.264andalldirectionalinterpolation.Experimentalresultsprovethattheproposedalgorithmhasbettersubjectiveandobjectiveimagereconstructionquality.

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