简介：Youhavegonefarwrong.Thirstwasmadeforwater;inquiryfortruth.Whatyounowcallthefreeplayofinquiryhasneithermorenorlesstodowiththeendsforwhichintelligencewasgivenyouthanmasturbationhastodowithmarriage.C.S.Lewis,TheGreatDivorce(1946)p.44.Today,therearenearlyasmanysub-theoriesandapproachestoarchaeologyastherearearchaeologists.So,whoistheretoturntoforadirectanswertothequestion,"Whatdoesanarchaeologistdo,andwhy?"Processualismisoutdatedandpost-processualismisevengettingold,intheoreticalterms.Onebeginstowonderwhatnewan...

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简介：TheSeptember11terroristattacksandtheconsequentU.S.actionsonterrorismaswellasitsadjustmentofglobalstrategyhaveexertedanin-depthinfluenceoninternationalandregionalsecuritystructure.AstheneighboringregionofAfghanistan--thetargetstateofAmericanwaronterror,itismoredifficultforSouthAsiatokeepalooffromtheaffairs.GreaterchangeshavetakenplaceinsecuritysituationintheregionandinWashington'scountermeasuresaswell.

简介：目的：观察头针、体针结合治疗中风后共济失调的临床疗效。方法：选择符合诊断标准的中风后共济失调患者124例，采用头针、体针结合治疗，观察治疗前后脑血管血液流速变化及总体治疗效果。结果：根据Berg平衡量表评定结果，总有效率93．5％。治疗前后日常生活活动能力（ActivitiesofDailyLiving，ADL）指数比较，总有效率91．1％。治疗前后椎基底动脉血液流速比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：针刺治疗中风共济失调疗效明显。

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Given the increased risk of accidents in patients with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or maternal anxiety/depression, we aimed to investigate the frequency of the two diseases in children with penetrating eye injury (PEI).Methods:Altogether 79 children, 39 with PEIs and 40 healthy individuals (control group), aged 5-15 years, underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. Afterwards, schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-aged children was conducted to assess the psychiatric diagnosis of all children. Turgay diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV)-based child and adolescent behavior disorders screening and rating scale (T-DSM-IV-S) was filled by parents to evaluate the severity of ADHD symptoms. The depression and anxiety levels of mothers of each group were evaluated by two self-report measures: the Beck depression scale and the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), respectively. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS version 22.0. The Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used to determine whether there is a significant difference between qualitative variables while independent sample t and Mann-Whitney U tests to compare quantitative variables.Results:The only diagnostic difference was a significantly higher frequency of ADHD among patients with PEIs (48.7% in PEI vs. 17.5% in control group, χ2 = 7.359, p = 0.007). The total scores of the T-DSM-IVS (attention subscale U = 418.000, p = 0.006; hyperactivity subscale U = 472.000, p = 0.022) and maternal state-trait anxiety inventory (maternal STAI-state U = 243.000, p = 0.003; maternal STAI-trait U = 298.000, p = 0.021) were significantly higher in the PEI group than in control group. In logistic regression, children with PEI had a tendency to have a 3.5-fold increased risk for ADHD (OR = 3.538, CI = 0.960-13.039, p = 0.058).Conclusion:ADHD was detected almost 1 in 2 children with PEIs. Besides, the maternal anxiety level was significantly higher in the PEI group than in the control group. This association should be further explored via a future prospective longitudinal study. Since a proper treatment of ADHD in children and anxiety treatment in mothers may prevent vision loss following PEIs in children.

简介：AbstractPurpose:Triceps tendon avulsion (TTA) is an uncommon injury, and there are no classifications or treatment guidelines available. This study aims to describe a clinicoradiological classification and treatment algorithm for traumatic TTA in adults. The functional outcome of surgical repair has been evaluated too.Methods:A retrospective analysis of adult patients with traumatic TTA treated in our institution between January 2012 and December 2017 was done. We only included complete TTA injuries. Children below 15 years, with open injuries, associated fractures, or partial TTA were excluded. The data were obtained from hospital records. The intraoperative findings were correlated with the clinicoradiological presentation for classifying TTA. The functional outcome was analyzed using the Mayo Elbow Performance index and Hospital for Special Surgery elbow score. ANOVA test was used to assess the statistical significance.Results:There were 15 patients included, 11 males and 4 females. The mean age was (31.5 ± 9.15) years, and the mean follow-up was (22.4 ± 8.4) months. Fall on outstretched hand was the mode of injury. In 6 patients, diagnosis was missed on the initial visit. TTA were classified as Type I: palpable soft-tissue defect without bony mass; Type II: palpable soft-tissue defect with a wafer-thin/comminuted bony fragment on X-ray; Type III: palpable soft-tissue defect with a bony mass and a large bony fragment on X-ray without extension to the articular surface; and Type IV: an olecranon fracture with less than 25% of the articular surface. An algorithm for treatment was recommended, i.e. transosseous suture repair/suture anchor for Type I, transosseous suture repair for Type II, and tension band wiring or steel wire sutures for Types III and IV. All the patients achieved good to excellent outcome: the mean Mayo Elbow Performance index was 100 and Hospital for Special Surgery score was 98.26 ± 2.60 on final follow-up.Conclusion:Our clinicoradiological classification and treatment algorithm for TTAs is simple. Surgical treatment results in excellent functions of the elbow. Since it is a single-center study involving a very small number of cases, a multicenter study with a larger number of patients is required for external validation of our classification and treatment recommendations.

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) generally causes mortality and disability, particularly in children. Machine learning (ML) is a computer algorithm, applied as a clinical prediction tool. The present study aims to assess the predictability of ML for the functional outcomes of pediatric TBI.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was performed targeting children with TBI who were admitted to the trauma center of southern Thailand between January 2009 and July 2020. The patient was excluded if he/she (1) did not undergo a CT scan of the brain, (2) died within the first 24 h, (3) had unavailable complete medical records during admission, or (4) was unable to provide updated outcomes. Clinical and radiologic characteristics were collected such as vital signs, Glasgow coma scale score, and characteristics of intracranial injuries. The functional outcome was assessed using the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury, which was thus dichotomized into favourable outcomes and unfavourable outcomes: good recovery and moderate disability were categorized as the former, whereas death, vegetative state, and severe disability were categorized as the latter. The prognostic factors were estimated using traditional binary logistic regression. By data splitting, 70% of data were used for training the ML models and the remaining 30% were used for testing the ML models. The supervised algorithms including support vector machines, neural networks, random forest, logistic regression, naive Bayes and k-nearest neighbor were performed for training of the ML models. Therefore, the ML models were tested for the predictive performances by the testing datasets.Results:There were 828 patients in the cohort. The median age was 72 months (interquartile range 104.7 months, range 2-179 months). Road traffic accident was the most common mechanism of injury, accounting for 68.7%. At hospital discharge, favourable outcomes were achieved in 97.0% of patients, while the mortality rate was 2.2%. Glasgow coma scale score, hypotension, pupillary light reflex, and subarachnoid haemorrhage were associated with TBI outcomes following traditional binary logistic regression; hence, the 4 prognostic factors were used for building ML models and testing performance. The support vector machine model had the best performance for predicting pediatric TBI outcomes: sensitivity 0.95, specificity 0.60, positive predicted value 0.99, negative predictive value 1.0; accuracy 0.94, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.78.Conclusion:The ML algorithms of the present study have a high sensitivity; therefore they have the potential to be screening tools for predicting functional outcomes and counselling prognosis in general practice of pediatric TBIs.

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简介：Objective:　ToinvestigatethevalueoftranscranialDoppler(TCD)ultrasonographyinevaluatingtheoutcomeofseveretraumaticbraininjuryandtocorrelatetheTCDvalueswithintracranialpressure(ICP)andcerebralperfusionpressure(CPP)monitoring.　　Methods:　AprospectivestudywasconductedtoevaluatethecontributionofTCDultrasonographytoneurologicaloutcomeinaseriesof96severetraumaticbraininjurypatients.ThequantitativevariablesofTCDultrasonographyincludedthemeanbloodflowvelocityofthemiddlecerebralartery(MCA)andpulsatilityindexwithinthefirst24hoursofadmission.TheICPandCPPvalueswerealsorecorded.Outcomein6monthspostinjurywasevaluatedusingtheGlasgowOutcomeScale(GOS4-5wasconsideredas“good”andGOS1-3as“poor”).　　Results:　ThemeanbloodflowvelocityoftheMCAwaslargerthan40cm/sin30(51%)patientswithgoodoutcomewhereasitwaslessthan40cm/sin27(73%)patientswithpooroutcome(P<0.025).ThemeanPIincasesofgoodoutcome(34patients,57%)waslowerthan1.5whereasinpooroutcome(30patients,83%)washigherthan1.5(P<0.001).ThecorrelationsofICPandCPPtopulsatilityindexwerestatisticallysignificant(P<0.01).　　Conclusions:　TCDultrasonographyisvalidinpredictingthepatientsoutcomeof6monthsandcorrelatessignificantlywithICPandCPPvalueswhenitisperformedinthefirst24hoursofseveretraumaticbraininjury.

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简介：Residualstressinducedduringmanufacturingofinjectionmoldedcomponentssuchaspolymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)affectsthemechanicalandopticalpropertiesofthesecomponents.Theseresidualstressescanbevisualizedandquantifiedbymeasuringtheirbirefringence.Inthispaper,alowbirefringencepolariscope(LBP)isusedtomeasurethewhole-fieldresidualstressdistributionoftheseinjectionmoldedspecimens.Detailedanalyticalandexperimentalstudyisconductedtoquantifytheresidualstressmeasurementinthesematerials.Acommercialbirefringencemeasurementsystemwasusedtovalidatetheresultsobtainedtoourmeasurementsystem.Thisstudycanhelpinmaterialdiagnosisforqualityandmanufacturingpurposeandbeusefulforunderstandingofresidualstressinimagingorotherapplications.

简介：ThemeasurementresultsbyLaserDopplerVelocimetry(LDV)arecomparedwiththedirectnumericalsimulationresultbyEggelsetal.^[1]foracylindricalpipeflow.Inthecaseofapipeflow,thebiaserrorformeanvelocityisverysmall,becausethelocalturbulentintensityisverysmallalloverthepipecrosssection.Howeverthedifferenceofthecombinationofu'andv'haveconsiderableeffectsonReynoldsshearstress.Fromourinvestigation,itisfoundthattheselectionofcoincidencetimethatisanecessaryparameterforcombinationofu'andv'ismoreimportantinobtainingtheaccurateReynoldsshearstress.Thesuitablecoincidencetimeisselectedforajetflowandtheeffectivenessofcoincidenttimemethodorequaltimeintervalmethodwithcoincidencedataisshown.

简介：Plantcelllinesdifferredgreatlyintheabilitytowithstandshearstresses.Usingto-baccocellsandlicoricecellsasmodelplantcells,westudiedtheeffectsofshearstressesonthevi-abilityofplantcells.OurexperimentswerecarriedoutonahighshearrateCouetterheometerprovidinghomogeneousandconstantshearstressesoflaminarflow.TheviabilitywasdeterminedbyTTC（2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazoliumchloride）.Theresultswereasfollows.（1）Theviability（V）droppedexponentiallywithtime（t）,namelyV=Exp（-kt）,（k>oisaconstant）.Thismeantthetenabilityofstatisticalhomogeneity.（2）Thevalueofkwasafunctionofplantcells’mechanicalpropertiesandtheshearstressactingontheplantcells.Theshearratecorrespondingtok=owasthecriticalshearratethattheplantcellscouldwithstand.Itcanbeeasilydetermindedbyextrapo-lation.For7-day-oldtobaccocells,itwas1090s-1andfor9-day-oldlicoricecells,itwas6566s-1.（3）Theplantcellsuspensionswerepseudoplasticfluidsfittingτ=Kγn.Forthetobaccocellsus-pensiontested,n=O.73,andforthelicoricecellsuspensiontestedn=0.7.Thusthecriticalshearstressforthetobaccocellswas25dynes/cm2andforthelicoricecellsitwas80dynes/cm2.（4）Oneoftheirreasonsforlicoricecellstohavegreatertolerancetoshearstressesthantobacaccocellsmaybethegeometricfeaturesofthecellsandthesizesofthecells.Thelicoricecellswererod-shaped,butthetobaccocellsweresphericalandlargerthanthelicoricecells.

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简介：TheresultsobtainedusingthegroupmodelofearthquakesgeneratedintectonicblocksarefurtherusedinthispapertoanalyzetherelationshipbetweentheMs≥7.0eventsinChinesemainlandandthemodulationandtriggeringfromtheearthtides.TheresearchshowsthattheMs7.0eventsinChinesemainlandhavebeensignificantlytriggeredbythetidalstress,especiallywithintheactiveperiodwithgroupstrongearthquakes.Inthequiescenceperiodofstrongearthquakes,noMs7.0eventsweretriggered,whilewithintheactiveperiod,over82.4%ofstrongearthquakestookplacewithinaspecialmoonphase,whichis36.4%higherthantheaverage.Therefore,themodulationandtriggeringoftidalstresscanbeusedtodistinguishtheactiveperiodsandtoforecastthetimeofthestrongearthquakeswithintheactiveperiod.Therelationshipbetweenthetidaltriggeringandthetectonicdynamicconditionisinvestigatedandthemechanismofthemodulationissimulatedwiththegroupmodelofearthquakesgeneratedintectonicblocks.

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