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  • 简介:摘要目的手术部位感染(SSI)是急诊腹部手术(EAS)患者术后最易发生的感染性并发症。在很大程度上大多SSI可以提前预防,但我国相关研究较少。本研究主要了解中国EAS后SSI发生的现状,并进一步探讨其发生的风险因素。方法采用多中心横断研究的方法。收集2019年5月1日至6月7日期间全国33家医院进行EAS患者的基本信息,包括围手术期有关资料和感染切口微生物培养结果。主要结局指标为EAS术后SSI发生率,次要结局变量为术后住院时间、重症监护室(ICU)入住率、ICU住院时间、治疗费用及30 d病死率。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析EAS后SSI发生的风险因素。结果本研究共纳入660例EAS患者,年龄(47.9±18.3)岁,男性占56.5%(373/660),术后发生SSI者占7.4%(49/660)。SSI的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌[培养阳性率为32.7%(16/49)]。发生SSI的患者较未发生SSI患者的中位年龄更大(56岁比46岁,U=19 973.5,P<0.001),男性[71.4%(35/49)比56.1%(343/611),χ2=4.334,P=0.037]和糖尿病[14.3%(7/49)比5.1%(31/611),χ2=5.498,P=0.015]患者占比较高,术前血红蛋白水平(中位数:122.0 g/L比143.5 g/L,U=11 471.5,P=0.006)和白蛋白水平(中位数:35.5 g/L比40.8 g/L,U=9 452.0,P<0.001)偏低,血糖偏高(中位数:6.9 mmol/L比6.0 mmol/L,U=17 754.5,P<0.001),合并梗阻者[32.7%(16/49)比9.2%(56/611),χ2=25.749,P<0.001]和美国麻醉医师协会评分为3~4级者[42.9%(21/49)比13.9%(85/611),χ2=25.563,P<0.001]以及手术风险高者[49.0%(24/49)比7.0%(43/611),χ2=105.301,P<0.001]居多,手术方式以开腹者为主[81.6%(40/49)比35.7%(218/611),χ2=40.232,P<0.001],手术时间较长(中位数:150 min比75 min,U=25 183.5,P<0.001);从临床结局来看,SSI组患者ICU入住率[51.0%(25/49)比19.5%(119/611),χ2=26.461,P<0.001]和住院费用(中位数:4.4万元比1.5万元,U=24 660.0,P<0.001)增加,术后住院时间(中位数:10 d比5 d,U=23 100.0,P<0.001)和ICU入住时间(中位数:0 d比0 d,U=19 541.5,P<0.001)延长;差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄较大(OR=3.253,95% CI:1.178~8.985,P=0.023)、结直肠手术(OR=9.156,95% CI:3.655~22.937,P<0.001)及手术时间较长(OR=15.912,95% CI:6.858~36.916,P<0.001)是SSI发生的独立危险因素,腹腔镜或机器人手术(OR=0.288,95% CI:0.119~0.694,P=0.006)是SSI发生的独立保护因素。结论对拟行EAS的患者,应关注中老年患者与结直肠手术患者,在条件允许的情况下应尽量选择腹腔镜手术,尽可能缩短手术时间,以降低SSI的发生率,减轻患者和医疗机构的负担。

  • 标签: 急诊腹部手术 手术部位感染 危险因素 横断面研究
  • 简介:摘要胃癌根治术的质量把控和流程的规范化、尤其是胃癌根治术后标本的规范化处理非常重要,其不仅是进行准确病理分期的基础,同时,也是手术质量的佐证以及临床研究的原始资料,具有举足轻重的作用。胃癌根治术后淋巴结的分检、标本的处理记录和数据的上传归档是缺一不可的。外科医师参与手术标本的处理非常必要。本文将结合国内外研究现状及进展,对胃癌根治术后标本的规范化处理进行综述。

  • 标签: 胃肿瘤 标本处理 淋巴结分检 手术质量控制 病理分期
  • 简介:  【摘要】 目的:观察并分析股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的手术治疗方法及临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析 2017年 1月 -2019年 2月笔者所在医院收治的 50例股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的患者, 44例在手术前诊断为股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折,其中采用股骨髓内钉重建同时固定股骨颈骨折和股骨骨干骨折有 32例,采用钢板固定股骨干骨折、空心螺钉固定股骨颈骨折有 12例;有 3例在手术前只诊断了股骨干骨折而漏诊了股骨颈骨折,手术采用髓内钉进行固定,手术后发现合并患有股骨颈骨折, 2例采用空心螺钉加以治疗, 4例采取重建髓内钉的治疗方法。结果:对术后患者进行随访,时间为 1~ 4年,平均 1.4年。 48例患者的骨折在术后 15~ 31周愈合,平均时间为 19周; 2例患者股骨干骨折在术后 1年仍没有愈合,进行再次植骨手术后 24周愈合; 25例患者均没有发生股骨头坏死。结论:采用手术治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折时,只要严格按照操作规范并选用合适的固定材料,都可以获得较好的治疗效果。    【关键词】 股骨干骨折; 股骨颈骨折; 手术治疗    [Abstract] Objective: To observe and analyze the surgical treatment and clinical effect of femoral shaft fracture combined with ipsilateral femoral neck fracture. Methods: a retrospective analysis of 50 cases of femoral shaft fracture combined with ipsilateral femoral neck fracture admitted by the author's Hospital from January 2017 to February 2019 was made. 44 cases were diagnosed as femoral shaft fracture combined with ipsilateral femoral neck fracture before operation, among which 32 cases were fixed with femoral neck fracture and femoral shaft fracture by reconstruction of femoral bone marrow nail, and 32 cases were fixed with steel plate and hollow screw There were 12 cases of fixed femoral neck fracture, 3 cases of missed diagnosis of femoral neck fracture and only diagnosis of femoral shaft fracture before the operation. The operation was fixed with intramedullary nail. After the operation, it was found that the patients were complicated with femoral neck fracture, 2 cases were treated with hollow screw, and 4 cases were treated with reconstruction of intramedullary nail. Results: the patients were followed up for 1 to 4 years, with an average of 1.4 years. The fracture of 48 patients healed in 15-31 weeks postoperatively, with an average time of 19 weeks; the fracture of the femoral shaft of 2 patients did not heal in 1 year postoperatively, and healed in 24 weeks after the second bone grafting operation; 25 patients did not have necrosis of the femoral head. Conclusion: in the treatment of femoral shaft fracture combined with ipsilateral femoral neck fracture, as long as we strictly follow the operation specifications and select the appropriate fixation materials, we can get better therapeutic effect.

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