简介：Sustainabledevelopment,aconceptwhichhasbeenbuiltwiththesustainabilityofeconomicprogressionasamainthrust,hasbeenawidelypreferredmodeltotraditionaldevelopmentalmodels.However,therealmeaningofwhatsustainabledevelopmentisandshouldincludehasbeenanobjectofdebate.Ontheonehand,differingfromtraditionaleconomicdevelopmentalmodels,economicprogressdoesnotnecessitatethepracticeof‘sustainabledevelopment'.Ontheotherhand,currentlevelsofscienceandtechnologyarestillunabletosolveseveralproblemsthatarisewitheconomicdevelopment.Sustainabledevelopmenthastransferredtheresponsibilityofenvironmentaldestructiontothatofdevelopingcountries.Lastly,insteadofutilizingthebesttechnologyandleadershipintoformulatingexcellentenvironmental-protectionpolicies,itismoreimportanttocreatewidespreadawarenesstothepublicontheneedtoprotecttheenvironmentandtherebyengagetheirparticipationindecision-makingtoactuallyrealizewhatistruly‘sustainabledevelopment'.

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简介：Culturalheritagedoesnothavedirecteconomicbenefits.However,ifproperlymanageditcanstimulatesocialcohesions,improvingtheenvironmentandhavebeneficialeconomicspinoffsforthelocalcommunities.Thispaperdiscussestheroleofcommunitiesintheformulationofthepoliciesconcerningtheirlocalenvironment.Itarguesthatcommunityengagementbypolicymakersisimportantingivinglegitimacyandownershipofthepolicies.Furthermore,thispaperdiscussesthepotentialofculturalheritageindiversifyingtheeconomyinBotswana.Thispaperrecommendsforthere-assessmentoftherelationshipbetweenthestateandlocalcommunitieswhichiscriticalinresuscitatingtheseeminglyailingcommunitybusinessorganizations.Inconclusion,itarguesforthesustainablemanagementofculturalheritageasasocialandeconomicresourceinthenext50yearsofBotswana’sindependence.

简介：Communityparticipationandcommunitybasedmanagementaretopicalthemesincurrentpolicyanddiscussionrevolvingarounddecision-makingprocessesespeciallythosedealingwithnaturalresourcesmanagement.Thisreviewshowsthatwhilegovernmentshaveacceptedtheneedtoeithercedeordevolvecontrolandmanagementofnaturalresourcestothelocalcommunities,thecommunitiesarenotpartandparceloftheplanningandbudgetingwhicharecrucialindecisionmaking.Communitieswereseentobemoreinvolvedintheimplementationofnaturalresourcemanagementprogramsbutlackedownershipoftheprojects.Thiscauseslackofcommitmenttotheprogramsandattimeshostilereactionfromthecommunities.Thecommunitiesarealwaysatthereceivingendwhenitpertainstolossesintheexchange.Communityparticipationwasshowntobeeffectivewhenthelocalpopulationisinvolvednotasco-operatingusersbutasnaturalresourcemanagersorownermanagers.