简介：Agoodacousticenvironmentisabsolutelyessentialtomaintainingahighlevelsatisfactionandmoralhealthamongresidents.Noiseandotherboresomesoundscomefrombothin-doorandoutdoorsources.Fortheresidentialbuildingsadjacenttoheavytrafficroads,outdoorstrafficnoiseisthemainsourcethataffectsindooracousticqualityandhealth.VentilationandoutdoornoisepreventionbecomeapairofcontradictionsfortheresidentsinChinanowadaysforthosebuildingsadjacenttoheavytrafficroads.Itisinvestigatedthattrafficnoiseemissionismainlycon-stitutedbythemotorsoftrucks,busesandmotorcyclesaswellasbrake.Inthispaper,twomethodsoftrafficnoisereductionontheindoorsoundenvironmentandcomfortarecarriedouttostudyandcomparetheresidentialbuildingsadjacenttoheavytrafficroadwayinacity.Oneistoinstallnoisebarriersonthetwosidesoftheroadway,whichconsistofsound-proofglassandplas-ticmaterials.Theeffectofsound-insulationofthismethodisheavilydependentontherelativedistancebetweenthenoisebar-rierandindoors.Areductionofsoundwithanaveragepressurelevelof2–15dBisachievedontheplacesbehindandunderthenoisebarrier.However,fortheequivalentofnoisebarrierheight,thenoisereductioneffectislittle.Asfortheplacesofhigherthanthenoisebarrier,thetrafficnoisewillbeevenstrengthenedby3–7dB.Noiseincrementcanbeseenatthepointsofdistancefartherthan15mandheightmorethannoisebarrier;thenoisereductioneffectisnotsatisfactoryorevenworsened.Inaddition,noteverylocationisappropriatetoinstallthenoisebarrieralongtheheavytrafficroads.Theothermethodofnoisereductionforthebuildingsadjacenttoheavytrafficistoinstalltheairproofandsoundproofwindows,whichistheconversionfromnaturalventi-lationtomechanicalventilation.Areductionofsoundwithanaveragepressurelevelof5dBto17dBcanbeachievedcomparedwithcommonglasswind

简介：Thearticleestablishesthepatternsofurbansnowdisastersystemanddisasterchainbasedonthetheoryofregionaldisastersystem.Thepatternsindicatethaturbansnowdisasterisexacerbatedmainlythroughthetrafficsystem.Inaddition,thepapersetsupthevulnerabilityassessmentindexsystemandsyntheticallyvulnerabilityassessmentmodelofurbansnowdisasterwhicharemainlybasedontrafficsystem,andappliestheminChenzhouCity.Theresultsofassessmentindicatethatobviousgeographicaldifferencesexistinthevulnerabilityofsnowdisasterbearingbodies:vulnerabilityofChenzhousectionoftheBeijing-ZhuhaiexpresswayisthehighestinChenzhouCity,andthesoutheasterncountiesaremorevulnerablethanthenorthwestregion.Furthermore,accordingtothesnowdisastervulnerabilitydynamicprocessanalysis,thevulnerabilityofChenzhouCityobviouslyincreasedin2008wintercomparedwiththatin2007.Finally,thepaperpresentssomesuggestionsforthelocationsoftheemergencycommandsandthereservesofreliefmaterialsbasedontheevaluationresults,andpointsoutthatdisastermonitoringandrelevanttechnicallevelshouldbestrengthenedfortheminimizationoftrafficsystem'svulnerability.