简介：Tocollectneuronalactivitydatafromawake,freelybehavinganimals,wedevelopedminiaturetelemetryrecordingsystem.Theintegratedsystemconsistsoffourmajorcomponents:1)Microelectrodesandmicro-driverassembly,2)analogfrontend(AFE),3)programmablesystemonchip(PSoC),and4)radiotransceiverandtheLabVIEWwereusedasaplatformforthegraphicuserinterface.Theresultshowedthesystemwasabletorecordandanalyzeneuronalrecordingsinfreelymovinganimalsandlastedcontinuouslyforatimeperiodofaweekormore.Thisisveryusefulforthestudyoftheinterdisciplinaryresearchofneuroscienceandinformationengineeringtechniques.Thecircuitsandarchitectureofthedevicescanbeadaptedforneurobiologyandresearchwithothersmallanimals.

简介：Itisdifficulttorealizethetransformationfromtradi-tionaleconomyindustrialsystemtocirculareconomyindustrialsystem.Regardingprimaryrawmaterialsastheindicators,theindustrialsystemhasbeenspecifiedaccordingtothedivergenceamongtheindicatorsandthecircularutilizationmodes.Incom-parisonwiththeassociationamongindustrialsystems,therela-tionshipamongindustrialsub-systemsisnamedasindustrialcross-linkinginthispaper.Theindustrialsystemwhichcouldcompletelyutilizeandrecycletheindicatorsshouldbeincreasedandstrengthened,andthecirculareconomyindustrialsystemwithcompleteindustrialassociationandindustrialcross-linkingshouldalsobeconstructed.Takingthedevelopmentofcircularagricul-turalsystembasingonthetraditionalagriculturalsystemasanexample,thetraditionalagriculturalproductsareregardedastheindicatorswhichhavebeendividedintofoodstuffandcropstrawswhichareusedtoproducefoodandarticlesforuse,likefertilizer,energyandpapersetc.Thewaytoconstructthecircularagricul-turalindustrialsystemistoincreasetheindustrialsystemsthatcouldutilizetheproductsgeneratedfromcropstraws,fecesandothercastoffsandtransformthewastewaterandothertrucksintoenvironmentalfriendlyproducts.Ithasalsobeenpointedoutthattheconstructionofcirculareconomyindustrialsystemiscondu-civetothefoundationofcircularindustrialeconomicsandtheestablishmentoftheconstructionlayoutofcirculareconomyandtheapplicationschemes.Suggestionstothetheoreticalandprac-ticalworkofthenextstephavealsobeenbroughtforwardinthispaper.

简介：Theraredepositionofwaterresourcesconflictswithitslimitlessdemand.Thisdeterminedtheexistenceofthewaterfightstransactionsystem.Theimplementationofthewaterfightstransactionsystemrequiresclarifyingthedefinitionofwaterre-sourcerightabovealldistinctly.Atpresent,itisakindofcommonrightsystemarrangementwhichneedstheChinesegovernmenttodisposeofwaterresources.Thoughaseriesofmanagementsys-temsguaranteedthegovernment'ssupplyofwaterresource,ithinderedthedevelopmentofthewatermarketseriouslyandcausedtheutilizationofwaterresourcestostayintheinefficientorlowefficientstateforalongtime.Thus,weshouldchangethegovernment'sleadingroleintheresourcedistributionandreallyrelyonthemarkettocarryonthewaterfightstradeandtransac-tion.Inthisway,thewaterrightscouldbecomeakindofprivatepropertyfightrelatively,andcirculatefreelyinthemarket.Asaresultofthis,weshouldovercomethedefectsofcommonfight,makeitsexternalperformanceinternalizedmaximallyandachievetheoptimizedwaterresourcedispositionanduseitmoreeffec-tively.

简介：Currently,theglobalcarbontradingsystemsarefragmentedandbelongtodifferentgovernmentsorareunderthejurisdictionofdifferentregions,resultinginaseriesofnewproblems,suchashowtolinkdispersedtradingsystems,howtocomparetheemissionreductionofvariousmarketsandotherissues.Sincethedevelopmentoftheinternationalcarbonmarketisrelativelyimmaturewithuncertainlifeexpectancyandvolatilityduringitsshorthistory,andthereisalackofquantitativedataonthelong-termrecord,themarketcouldprovidefewriskmanagementtools.Meanwhile,withthelaunchesofChina’sregionalcarbontradingpilotsinsevenprovincessince2013andcombinedwiththenationalvoluntaryemissiontradingsystem,carbontradingwillbecomeanimportantmechanismforChinainachievingitsemissionreductiontarget.Inthefirststage,thecarbonfinancemarketisatleastfacedwithmechanismdesignrisks,marketsupplyrisksandcompliancerisks.Therefore,tosecurethedevelopmentofthecarbonmarketandforpublicinterest,relevantgovernmentdepartmentsofChinashouldidentifytherisksfacingthemarketandshouldmakethebasicprinciplesandgoals,suchasensuringeffectivetradingandpricingmechanismstoavoidfraudandpricemanipulation,andbalancingtransparencyandconfidentialityofinformation.Consequently,thegovernmentsshoulddevelopacomprehensivecarbonfinanceregulatorysystemcoveringregulatorylegislation,regulatoryinstitutionsandtheirauthorities,regulatoryscopeaswellasregulatoryobjects.

简介：Thepapertriestoexplorecirculareconomyfromtheviewpointofthesystemtheory.Circulareconomyisakindofcomplicatedeconomicactivity,anditisawhollynewecotypeeconomyproposedbyWesterncountriesaftertheyhadsummedupmanyexperiencesandlessonsfromtraditionaleconomy.Itisanentiretyandhasmanylayers.Itkeepsanopenanddynamicbalance.Becausethesystemtheoryisthetheoreticalfoundationofcirculareconomy,weshouldsystemicallyanalyzeandstudycirculareconomyfromthemacroscopicview,correctlygraspitsoperationallaws,improveitsservicefunctions,andrealizehumanbeings'sustainabledevelopment.Thepaperintroducesthecontentandgeneralcharacteristicsofthesystemtheoryandtheideaofcirculareconomy.Thenitanalyzescirculareconomybasedonthesystemtheory.Thepaperconcludesthattheintegrationofcirculareconomyandthesystemtheorycanpromotethefunctionsofcirculareconomy.

简介：Watersavinganddevelopingwaterconservationsocietyarethetwokeystrategiesbothforwisewaterallocationandsustainableutilization.Thepaperanalysestheconnotationofwatersavingandwaterconservationsociety.Essentially,watersavingmeansfreeingupwaterfromnon-beneficialusesandprovidingittosomemoreproductiveuses.Basicprinciplesforsettingindicatorarepresentedbyprovidingefficientuseofwater,consideringsocialissuesandecologicalprotection.Anintegratedassessingwatersavingsystemaimingatmoresustainableandefficientconsumptionisgivenconsideringunbalancedsocialandeconomicdevelopmentinregionsandbasins.Thehierarchyindicatorsystemprovidesqualifiedtoolstothepracticeofwaterconservationandevaluatesthevalueforwaterconservationsocietyconstruction.

简介：Theestablishmentanddevelopmentoftheindustrialsymbiosisofeco-industrialparkareaffectedbyseveralfactors.Basedontheformedindustrialsymbiosissupportingsystemchart,thisarticleanalyzesthemicrocosmicsupportingsystemandmacroscopicsupportingsystem.Inthemicrocosmicsupportingsystem,itelaboratesfiveaspectsincludingkeyenterprises,serviceintermediariesinthepark,symbioticenterprises,competitorsandthepublicindetail.Thenitdescribesthemacroscopicsupportingsystemfromfouraspectsofgovernmentalparticipation,technologicalinnovation,educationalpromotionandculturalsupport.Finally,combiningwiththecurrentconstructionstatusoftheeco-industrialparkinChina,itproposesthecountermeasuresandsuggestionstobuildthesupportingsystemfortheeco-industrialparkandprovidestheoreticalsupportforthefasterandbetterconstructionoftheeco-industrialparkinChina.

简介：Eco-efficiencyisavaluabletoolformanagingandsolvingissuesinvolvingresourceconsumptionandpollutionemissionincurrentproductionprocesses.Despitethepopularityoftheterm"eeo-efficiency"inbusiness,limitedattentionhasbeenpaidtomeasuringandreportingregionaleco-efficiencyforlocalgovernmentpolicymakers.Basedontheconceptandmethodofeco-efficiency,anindicatorsystemofregionaleco-efficiencyisestablishedinthisstudy.Theindicatorsystemcomprises22indicators,whicharedividedintothreecategoriesincludingsocio-economicdevelopment,resourcesconsumption,environmentalpressure.Asapromisingstatisticaltechnique,principlecomponentanalysisisusedtosettheweightofindicatorswhichattemptstocalculatetheeco-efficiencyindicesofQingdao'sChengyangDistrict.Theresultsshowthattheeco-efficiencyofChengyangDistricthasclearlyimproved35.1%withsmallfluctuationfrom1995to2003.Socio-economicdevelopmentindexandresourcesconsumptionindexalsorepresentobviousincreasingtrends.Thecorrelationcoefficientbetweensoci-economicdevelopmentindexandresourcesconsumptionindexis0.979,whichmeansthesocialprogressandeconomicgrowthofChengyangDistrictdependonanextravagantconsumptionofresources.Theenvironmentalpressureindexincreasedslowlybefore1997anddeclinedgraduallyafter1997,duetomoreattentionbeingpaidtoenvironmentalprotectionbylocalgovernmentinrecentyears.ChengyangDistrictstillkeepsthetraditionaleconomicdevelopmentmodewithahighconsumptionandhighproduction,sotheemphasesoffuturedevelopmentshouldputonimprovingtheimprovingtheefficientuseofnaturalresourcesandpromotingenvironmentalmanagementsustainability.Theresultsshowthattheindicatorssystemofregionaleco-efficiencyisapromisingmethodtoquantitativelyevaluateresourcesandenvironmentalefficiencyandprovideaneffectivedecision-makingsupportforlocalgovernments.

简介：Themeasurement,reporting,andverification(MRV)ofclimatefinancewasoriginatedfromdiscussionsundertheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC).Ithasbeenoneofthekeyissuesofglobalclimatenegotiationssince2009andwillcontinuetobeofsignificantimportanceinaddressingclimatechangeandstrengtheninginternationaltrust.Thispaperanalysestheconcept,theobjective,andtheprogressoftheMRVofclimatefinancebasedonreviewsofthelatestliteratureandthink-tankreportsregardingclimatefinanceregimeandMRV.Followingtheanalysis,challengesfacedwiththeMRVofclimatefinanceareillustrated.Thispaperpresentsthatthecomparabilityofclimatefinancedataneedstobeimprovedduetothevarietyofmethodologiesusedfordisaggregatingclimatefinance.Inaddition,theintegralityoftheMRVsystemofclimatefinancehasbeenimpairedbythelackoffeedbackmechanismfromtherecipientstothecontributorsinreportingsystem.Furthermore,althoughaccountingsystemofclimatefinancehasbeendevelopingandimproving,itremainsincapacityinprovidingaccuratedataondisbursedclimatefinance.Respondingtotheabovechallenges,thispaperproposesthekeytasksinestablishingacomprehensiveMRVsystemforclimatefinanceatinternationallevel.Thetasksinvolvedevelopingameasurementsystemwithconsistentdatabasisandaccountingbasis,areportingsystemwithmoredetailedguidanceandstandardizedformats,aswellasaverificationmechanismbalancingtop-downandbottom-upreviewprocesses.Inthelastsection,thispaperconcludesthattheestablishmentofanimprovedMRVofclimatefinancerequiresconcertedcooperationandnegotiationsbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountryPartiesundertheUNFCCC.AsoneofthefewdevelopingcountrydonorstotheGlobalEnvironmentalFacility(GEF),Chinaissuggestedtoclarifyitspropositionsasadevelopingcountryinaspectssuchasconcept,coverage,andarchitectureofclimatefinanceandMRVsystem,andgainbargai

简介：Sinceconventionalwatertreatmentisnotaffordableindevelopingcountries,lookingforlocallyavailableandalternativetreatmentoptionsismandatory.Removaloffluorideandphosphatecanbeachievedbydesigningappropriatefiltrationmediafromdifferentmaterialssuchassand,calcinedclay,pumice,scoriaandbonechar.ThisstudywasdesignedtodeterminetheremovalefficiencyoftheselocallyavailablefiltermediawithrespecttodetentiontimeandpH.Thefiltrationapparatuses(tank)werefilledseparatelywithstone,gravelwithgrainsize0.6-4.75mmand40cmdeep,sand(ES=0.15-0.35mmandUC=1.5-3),calcinedclay,pumice,scoriaandbonecharwithgrainsize0.25-0.5inch.Watersampleswerepreparedusingglassbottleswithfluorideconcentrationsof6and8mg/landphosphateconcentrationof4mg/1.Laboratoryanalysiswascarriedoutbeforeandafterfiltrationtodeterminetheremovalefficiencyofeachmedium.Itwasfoundthatthehighestremovaloffluoridewasachievedbybonechar(89.65%),followedbypumice(82.4%).However,bonecharhasratherincreasedtheconcentrationofphosphateby63.8%.Sandwasthemostefficientmediatoremovephosphate,managingtoremoveby70%.Therefore,itisanattractiveoptiontousetheselocallyavailable,environmentalfriendlyandappropriatetechnologiesforefficientremovalofbothfluorineandphosphateatthehouseholdorcommunitywatertreatmentlevel.

简介：Regionaldevelopmentisthetrendforfutureurbanization,andtheurbancircleisahighlyefficienteconomicspatialpatternofregionaldevelopment.Thisstudyselectsstatisticaldataofurbanareapopulation,GDP,andtheoutputvalueoftertiaryindustryforsevencitiesinChina-Jinan,Zibo,Tai’an,Laiwu,Dezhou,Liaocheng,andBinzhou-intheShandongprovincialcapitalurbancirclefrom2005to2009.ItusestheprinciplesandZipfmodel,rank-sizerule,andLotkalogarithmicmodeltoanalyzeandstudythehierarchicalstructureofthemetropolitansystemandeconomicdevelopmentoftheShandongprovincialcapitalurbancircle.Basedontheaboveresearch,thispaperprovidesreferencesfordecisionmakingonenhancementofthemetropolitansystemstructure,improvementincorecityprimacyindex,theoptimaladjustmentofindustrialstructureandtheoptimalallocationofessentialresources.

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简介：Thispaperconstructsa4-liercomputablegeneralequilibriummodelwhichincludessuchmodulesasmodelingcarbonemissionconstraintsandcarbontrading(CT),andincorporatesthecostofcarbonemissionsintoconstantelasticityofsubstituteproductionfunction.Underscenariosettingsunderdifferentcarbonabatementtargets,basedon2007nationalsocialaccountingmatrixandrelatedstatisticaldataaboutenergyconsumptionandcarbonemission,effectsoneconomicoutputs,energyconsumption,andcarbonabatementareestimatedandanalyzedatbothmacroandsectorlevel.Bycalculatingselectednovelindicatorsthatcompromisebetweenmacroeconomicopportunitycostandachievablecarbonabatement,reasonablecarbonpriceintervalsaregivenforenhancingtherobustnessandliquidityofcarbonmarket.Further,bydecompositionandshare-weightedmethods,expectedcarbonabatementandenergypricearemeasuredandanalyzedindetails.Someresultsaremeaningfulforfundamentaldesignofthefuturecarbonmarket.Givenconstantenergyutilizationandcarbonabatementtechnologiesatthemacrolevel,thehigherthecarbonpricethemoreactualcarbonabatement;themoregrossdomesticproductloss,thelessenergyconsumption.Accwdingtotheoverallsituationestimatedfor2007inChina,theadvicegivenistointroduceacarbonabatementtargetrate(R_c)of-10%,whichishelpfultomakecarbonmarketstableagainstunexpectedcarbonpriceshocksbetween[6.9,35]/tCwithlesseconomicloss.AccordingtoKayadecomposition,afterintroductionofcarbonpricing,carbonabatementismainlycontributedbytheeffectsofenergyintensity(EI)andtechnicalprogress.Further,CTmayhelpreduceenergyconsumptionandinducetransformationtoalow-carbonenergystructure.Atthesectorlevel,theintroductionofCTcouldinduceeconomicrecessioninallsectors,especiallyenergy.However,theoveralleconomicstructureremainsunchangedtosomeextent.CTwillhelpreduceenergyconsumptioninallsectors,especiallyenergy.Overallutilizationc

简介：Thearticleestablishesthepatternsofurbansnowdisastersystemanddisasterchainbasedonthetheoryofregionaldisastersystem.Thepatternsindicatethaturbansnowdisasterisexacerbatedmainlythroughthetrafficsystem.Inaddition,thepapersetsupthevulnerabilityassessmentindexsystemandsyntheticallyvulnerabilityassessmentmodelofurbansnowdisasterwhicharemainlybasedontrafficsystem,andappliestheminChenzhouCity.Theresultsofassessmentindicatethatobviousgeographicaldifferencesexistinthevulnerabilityofsnowdisasterbearingbodies:vulnerabilityofChenzhousectionoftheBeijing-ZhuhaiexpresswayisthehighestinChenzhouCity,andthesoutheasterncountiesaremorevulnerablethanthenorthwestregion.Furthermore,accordingtothesnowdisastervulnerabilitydynamicprocessanalysis,thevulnerabilityofChenzhouCityobviouslyincreasedin2008wintercomparedwiththatin2007.Finally,thepaperpresentssomesuggestionsforthelocationsoftheemergencycommandsandthereservesofreliefmaterialsbasedontheevaluationresults,andpointsoutthatdisastermonitoringandrelevanttechnicallevelshouldbestrengthenedfortheminimizationoftrafficsystem'svulnerability.

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