简介:AbstractAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the progressive cognitive and social decline. Clinical drug targets have heavily focused on the amyloid hypothesis, with amyloid beta (Aβ), and tau proteins as key pathophysiologic markers of AD. However, no effective treatment has been developed so far, which prompts researchers to focus on other aspects of AD beyond Aβ, and tau proteins. Additionally, there is a mounting epidemiologic evidence that various environmental factors influence the development of dementia and that dementia etiology is likely heterogenous. In the past decades, new risk factors or potential etiologies have been widely studied. Here, we review several novel epidemiologic and clinical research developments that focus on sleep, hypoxia, diet, gut microbiota, and hearing impairment and their links to AD published in recent years. At the frontiers of AD research, these findings and updates could be worthy of further attention.
简介:AbstractBackground:Recent studies suggest that a healthy diet helps to prevent the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD in the Chinese population.Methods:We enrolled 55 AD patients and 55 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal (CN) subjects in a case-control study, as well as a cohort of 131 participants without subjective cognitive decline (non-AD) in a cross-sectional study. Spicy food consumption was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Associations of FFQ scores with cognition and CSF biomarkers of AD were analyzed.Results:In the case-control study, spicy food consumption was lower in AD patients than that in CNs (4.0 [4.0-8.0] vs. 8.0 [4.5-10.0], P < 0.001); FFQ scores were positively associated with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores in the total sample (r = 0.218, P = 0.014). In the cross-sectional study, the association between spicy food consumption and cognition levels was verified in non-AD subjects (r = 0.264, P = 0.0023). Moreover, higher FFQ scores were significantly associated with higher β-Amyloid (1-42) (Aβ42) levels and lower phospho-tau/Aβ42 and total tau/Aβ42 ratios in the CSF of non-AD subjects (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Spicy food consumption is closely related to higher cognition levels and reversed AD biomarkers in the CSF, suggesting that a capsaicin-rich diet might have the potential to modify the cognitive status and cerebral pathologies associated with AD.
简介:AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI), a growing public health problem, is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, although its prevention measures and clinical cares are substantially improved. Increasing evidence shows that TBI may increase the risk of mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the complex relationship between TBI and AD remains elusive. Metabolic dysfunction has been the common pathology in both TBI and AD. On the one hand, TBI perturbs the glucose metabolism of the brain, and causes energy crisis and subsequent hyperglycolysis. On the other hand, glucose deprivation promotes amyloidogenesis via β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 dependent mechanism, and triggers tau pathology and synaptic function. Recent findings suggest that TBI might facilitate Alzheimer's pathogenesis by altering metabolism, which provides clues to metabolic link between TBI and AD. In this review, we will explore how TBI-induced metabolic changes contribute to the development of AD.
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简介:摘要LMNA基因突变会导致核纤层蛋白结构改变,进而通过多种机制导致一系列疾病,主要表现为多系统早衰,具体可表现为扩张型心肌病、心律失常、代谢异常(如脂肪萎缩、胰岛素抵抗和高甘油三酯血症)、听力受损以及脊柱侧弯等。该文报道1例LMNA R349W突变患者,具有核纤层蛋白病的一系列典型表现。
简介:摘要在全球对患者和社会造成沉重负担的疾病中,糖尿病足位列第十,30%的糖尿病患者终其一生会发生糖尿病足溃疡。临床医生需要在合适的时机给予适合的患者以恰当的治疗。人们改变认识并更加关注糖尿病足病恰逢其时。医护人员需要进一步掌握糖尿病足有关知识,以减轻糖尿病足给患者和社会造成的负担。
简介:摘要艾滋病,即获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS),其主要特征为CD4阳性淋巴细胞数量显著减少,引起机体免疫功能不足,继而引发各种条件致病菌感染以及肿瘤等疾病,最终导致患者死亡。其中,艾滋病患者常伴发中枢神经系统感染,即艾滋病脑病,其典型的病理特征是血管周围有大量炎性细胞浸润,其发病机制可能是人类免疫缺陷病毒本身及其分泌的蛋白引起神经系统炎症反应并导致神经元继发性损伤,但艾滋病脑病确切的发病机制仍有待进一步深入探究。
简介:摘要由于存在严重的免疫缺陷,艾滋病患者合并结核病的风险显著高于普通人群。HIV与结核分枝杆菌合并感染会加速艾滋病与结核病的病情进展。艾滋病患者结核病表现常不典型,容易延误诊断。探讨艾滋病群体结核病的诊断治疗策略,加强临床诊疗中对结核病的识别,能够促进结核病的早诊断和早治疗,这对改善感染个体的预后和减少结核病疫情扩散均有积极意义。
简介:摘要本文针对1例坏死性结节病样肉芽肿病(necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis,NSG)病例的病情演变进行讨论。患者男,29岁,2019年4月15日因“左侧胸痛2周”就诊于北京胸科医院,胸部CT提示双肺多发结节,CT引导肺穿刺活检病理提示慢性肉芽肿性炎,临床考虑结核病,2019年4月20日给予抗结核治疗。2019年5月20日,经北京协和医院病理科会诊,提示肺肉芽肿性疾病,需进一步结合临床,遂维持抗结核治疗。2019年7月8日复查胸部CT提示双肺多发结节,较前进展,同时患者出现双侧上眼睑肿痛,2019年7月29日眼眶增强磁共振提示泪腺炎,再次病理会诊,确诊为坏死性结节病样肉芽肿病,口服泼尼松龙治疗,治疗1个月眼睑肿痛好转后患者自行停用泼尼松龙,2019年9月20日患者眼睑肿痛复发,再次口服泼尼松龙并逐渐减量维持治疗,2020年1月7日,复查胸部CT、眼眶CT较前明显好转,建议低剂量泼尼松龙维持治疗6个月,定期复查胸部CT。
简介:摘要对郑州大学附属儿童医院2016年6月收治的l例以炎症性肠病(IBD)起病的慢性肉芽肿病(CGD)患儿的临床资料、诊疗经过及预后进行整理,结合在中外数据库检索到的相关文献,分析总结以IBD起病的CGD患儿的临床特征及诊治原则。患儿,1岁9个月,以反复腹泻、便血起病,曾于当地医院诊断为"溃疡性结肠炎"。入院后查中性粒细胞呼吸爆发试验阳性。基因结果提示CYBB基因发生突变,诊断为CGD,予预防感染及对症治疗。出院后随访3个月,患儿仍有间断腹泻、便血。CGD是一种少见的原发性免疫缺陷病,目前治疗方法包括造血干细胞移植、抗感染治疗等。当IBD患儿出现除胃肠道症状外的并发症,常规IBD治疗效果欠佳,同时有疑似近亲结婚的父母或IBD家族史等情况,应警惕CGD。
简介:摘要内脏利什曼病合并人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者的临床表现不典型,易被误诊为其他机会性感染而导致漏诊,具有误诊率高、复发率高和病死率高的特点。现报道2例以贫血、肝脾淋巴结肿大和免疫功能重建不良为主要特征的HIV感染合并内脏利什曼病患者,均有传统内脏利什曼病疫区居留史,骨髓检查发现杜氏利什曼原虫。予葡萄糖酸锑钠治疗后,骨髓涂片未再找到杜氏利什曼原虫,但患者病情多次复发,最终均死亡。