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简介：Weproposeadepolarizerbasedontheprincipleofacollectionofhalf-waveplateswithrandomlydistributedopticaxes.Thedesignisdemonstratedbymeansofdynamicallyphotopatterningliquidcrystalintorandomlyalignedhomogeneousdomains.Wecharacterizetheliquidcrystaldepolarizerfor1550nmandC-band(1520–1610nm).Adegreeofpolarizationoflessthan5%isobtainedforanylinearlypolarizedlight.Thisstudyprovidesapracticalcandidateforhigh-performancedepolarizers.

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简介：Thispaperdemonstratesanewprocessofthephotolithographytechnology,usedtofabricatesimplyfinepatterns,byemployingsurfaceplasmoncharacter.Thesub-wavelengthperiodicsilicastructureswithuniformsilverfilmareusedastheexposuremask.Accordingtothetraditionalsemiconductorprocess,thegratingstructuresarefabricatedatexposingwavelengthof436nm.Atthesametime,itprovidesadditionalandquantitativesupportofthistechniquebasedonthefinite-differencetime-domainmethod.Theresultsoftheresearchshowthatsurfaceplasmoncharacteristicsofmetalscanbeusedtoincreasetheopticalfieldenergydistributiondifferencesthroughthesilicastructureswithsilverfilm,whichdirectlyimpactontheexposureoffollowingphotosensitivelayerindifferentregions.

简介：Inthelastdecadestheinterestinthebiomassgasificationprocesshasincreasedduetothegrowingattentiontotheuseofsustainableenergy.Biomassisarenewableenergysourceandrepresentsavalidalternativetofossilfuels.Gasificationisthethermochemicalconversionofanorganicmaterialintoavaluablegaseousproduct,calledsyngas,andasolidproduct,calledchar.Thebiomassgasificationrepresentsanefficientprocessfortheproductionofpowerandheatandtheproductionofhydrogenandsecond-generationbiofuels.Thispaperdealswiththestateoftheartbiomassgasificationtechnologies,evaluatingadvantagesanddisadvantages,thepotentialuseofthesyngasandtheapplicationofthebiomassgasification.Syngascleaningthoughfundamentaltoevaluateanygasificationtechnologyisnotincludedinthispapersince;intheauthors'opinion,adedicatedreviewisnecessary.

简介：Inthispaper,theinterestingdevelopmentoftheveryimportantinnovationofthrustvestoringtechnologyinappliedaerodynamicsisdescribed.InMemoryofafirend.Dr.W.HerbstofMBB,Germany,theso-calledfatheroftheX-31experimentalthrustvectoringfighter,wholosthislifeafewyearsagowhilepilotinghisprivateairplane.BertrandRussel：“Menarebornignorant,notstupid-theyaremadestupidbyeducation.”.AdmiralHymanRickover:“Thebestengineersarethosewho,inadditiontotechnicalexpertise,havehadgoodtrainingintheliberalartsandunderstandtheworldaroundthem”。

简介：Nuclearfusionhasenormouspotentialtogreatlyaffectglobalenergyproduction.Thenext-generationtokamakITER,whichisaimedatdemonstratingthefeasibilityofenergyproductionfromfusiononacommercialscale,isunderconstruction.Wallerosion,materialtransport,andfuelretentionareknownfactorsthatshortenthelifetimeofITERduringtokamakoperationandgiverisetosafetyissues.Thesefactors,whichmustbeunderstoodandsolvedearlyintheprocessoffusionreactordesignanddevelopment,areamongthemostimportantconcernsforthecommunityofplasma-wallinteractionresearchers.Todate,lasertechniquesareamongthemostpromisingmethodsthatcansolvetheseopenITERissues,andlaser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy（LIBS）isanidealcandidateforonlinemonitoringofthewallsofcurrentandnext-generation（suchasITER）fusiondevices.LIBSisawidelyusedtechniqueforvariousapplications.Ithasbeenconsideredrecentlyasapromisingtoolforanalyzingplasma-facingcomponentsinfusiondevicesinsitu.ThisarticlereviewstheexperimentsthathavebeenperformedbymanyresearchgroupstoassessthefeasibilityofLIBSforthispurpose.

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简介：ThedevelopmentandmaintenanceofthecontrolsystemsofthefourLHCexperimentswillrequireanon-negligibleamountofresourcesandeffort.TheJointControlsProject(JCOP)[1]hasbeenset-upasacollaborationbetweenCERNandthefourLHCexperimentstofindcommonsolutionsfortheLHCexperiments'controlsystems.AlthoughtheJCOPgeneralprincipleistopromotetheuseofindustrialssoluitionswhereverpossible,customsolutionsarestillrequiredwhennon-standarddevicesorverylargenumbersofdeviceshavetobecontrolled.Furthermore.toeasethedevelopmentandintegrationofbothstandardandnon-standarddevicesintothecontrolsystemanumberofsoftwareFrameworksareunderdevelopment.ThispaperwilldescribethevarioussolutionsbeingproposedbyJCOPincludingtheSupervisoryandFront-Endframeworksaswellasthevariousindustrialandcustomcomponents.Inaddition,ItwillalsodescribewherethesefitintotheforeseenJCOPcontrolsarchitecture.ThepaperwillthenhighlightinmoredetailtheFront-EndFramework.

简介：Spurredonbytheinventionofthebluelight-emittingdiode(LED)aquarterofacenturyago,theLEDindustryhasadvanceddramaticallyandhasrevolutionizedthesignaling/signage,mobileandflatpaneldisplay,andmorerecently,generallightingmarkets.Indeed,LEDsnowout-surpassinperformanceallconventional(e.g.,incandescent,fluorescent,high-intensitydischarge)lightsourcesingeneralilluminationapplications.Thequestionarises:whatmoreistobedone?ThuscomesthethesisforthisspecialissueonLEDsandapplications.Fromthecontributedarticles,welearnthatLEDtechnologycontinuestoevolveandtransformitselfnotonlywithintheexistingapplicationsbutisalsopositioningforbrandnewapplicationstocome,bothofwhicharehighlightedhere.

简介：Energyandenvironmentalissueshavebecomeincreasinglyprominentinmattersoftransportation.Comparedwithroad,air,andseatransportation,railwaytransportationhastheadvantagesofalargetransmissioncapacity,withrapid,safe,andon-timetravel,requiringlesslandresources,withlowerenergyconsumption,lessenvironmentalpollution,andthecapacitytooperateundermostweatherconditions.Inparticular,high-speedrailwaytechnologyhasbeengrowingrapidly.Sincetheworld'sfirsthigh-speedrailwaywasbuiltinJapanin1964,morethantencountriesandregionshavedevelopedhigh-speedrailways,operatingoveratotalofmorethan10000km.High-speedrailwaysnotonlyprovidethepublicwithanewtypeofrapid,convenient,safe,andcomfortabletravel,butalsogreatlyboostthesocio-economicdevelopmentofthecountry.

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简介：为软件开发基于一个新DIY概念，在当有限元素程序生成器(FEPG)提供发展的一个平台，叫的一个软件系统上依附的一种自动产生节目的技术编程序，通过哪个一个科学研究人员能为解决方案以一个更直接、方便的方法提交他的特殊physico数学的问题到系统。为由使用有限元素方法解决流动和热问题，稳定技术和部分步方法被采用克服主要由于统治传送对流引起的数字困难。几个基准问题作为例子在这份报纸被给说明用法和自动程序产生技术的优势，包括在一个盖驱动的洞的流动，在一根圆形的管子中的开始的流动，在一个方形的洞的自然传送对流，并且经过圆形的柱体的流动，等等。他们也作为算法的确认被给看。

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