简介：重要努力在在水泥揭示thaumasite形成的机制被作了，它继续与歧义和纠纷是充满的。化学方法被采用综合纯C3S，C2S，C3A，ettringite，和thaumasite，和X光检查衍射(XRD)，拉曼光谱学和红外线的光谱学(红外)被用来从另外的水合物识别thaumasite。调查thaumasite形成的直接线路，C3S，C2S，石膏，和钙碳酸盐被用来准备水泥粘贴以便ettringite形成的干扰能被避免。thaumasite形成的间接线路被考虑C3thaumasite上的A或ettringite内容形成。结果证明那个thaumasite罐头毫无疑问在适当条件下面当忍受铝的矿物质或ettringite不在时被产生，当ettringite存在支持thaumasite形成时。没有证据在这个工作支持异构的成核线路。方法在这提到工作能肯定被用来调查thaumasite形成的机制，这被结束，并且thaumasite能形成由直接并且woodfordite线路。

简介：有在早年龄的时间的电的抵抗力的变化被用来调查水和进程和孔开发。基于水泥的材料水和的孔减小过程被一个建议方法开发。孔减小在设定的时期是快的。结果发现毛孔断绝比在类似于过滤方法的结果的高水位线比率在更低的水/水泥比率更快发生。

简介：Inthispaperforsavingenergytwodifferentburningmethodsofcementclinkerformationhavebeenstudied.Oneistherapidburningmethodandtheotherisordinaryburningmethodsimulatingrotarykiln,andtheyarecomparedbythekineticpointofview.Theresultrevealsthattheactivationenergyofrapidburningismuchlowerthanordinaryburning.Forlookingintothecause,themainrawmaterial—limestonewasburntbythesametwomethodsandthestructureofproductCaOhasbeendetected.ItcanbefoundthatthemicrostructureofCaOproducedbyrapidburningislooser;latticesconstantsaregreater;crystaldefectsaremoreandparticlesizeissmallerthanthatproducedbyordinaryburning.Thesecausethechemicalreactionmoreactive.Sotheactivationenergyofclinkerformationofrapidburningismuchlowerthanthatoftheordinaryburning.

简介：Solidificationstructurevariationofsinglephasealloywithundercoolingpriortonucleationhasbeenwidelystudied.Theprogress,especiallyduringthelastdecade,isreviewedsoastogiveacomprehensiveknowledgeforit,inwhichtheemphasesarelaidonthestructureevolutionmechanismandthepotentialapplication.Lastly,thefutureinterestingsubjectsarepresented.

简介：Zincwasrecentlysuggestedtobeapotentialcandidatematerialfordegradablecoronaryarterystent.Thecorrosionbehaviorofpurezincexposedtor-SBFupto336hwasinvestigatedbyelectrochemicalmeasurementsandimmersiontests.Themorphologyandchemicalcompositesofthecorrosionproductswereinvestigatedbyscanningelectronmicroscope,grazing-incidenceX-raydiffraction,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopyandFouriertransforminfraredspectrometer.Theresultsdemonstratethattheinitialcorrosionproductsonthepurezincmainlyconsistofzincoxide/hydroxideandzinc/calciumphosphatecompounds.ThepureZnencountersuniformcorrosionwithanestimatedcorrosionrateof0.02-0.07mmy^-1duringtheimmersion,whichsuggeststhesuitabilityofpureZnforbiomedicalapplications.

简介：参考测试方法平行地被执行，借助于化学分析，X光检查衍射，微分扫描calorimetry-thermogravimetry，扫描电子显微镜学和当面学习C4A3S的形成的极化的光显微镜和起核心作用的代理人的缺席。当tricalcium硅酸盐(C3S)显然支持C4A3S和增加desulfurization度的形成，结果与高钙和低热消费显示出那个起核心作用的代理人。在锻烧与C3S做的未加工的饭期间，没有C3S，C4A3S的谷物尺寸与那相比是更大的。并且在一样的锻烧水平，集体损失和热，消费属于CaCO3分解被减少。

简介：以便在oxyfluoride眼镜和玻璃陶艺的形成上调查不同重金属离子的影响，有不同PbF2/CdF2比率的样品被融化熄灭和热处理方法准备了。玻璃网络结构上的Pb2+和Cd2+的不同效果被FTIR和拉曼系列调查。在玻璃网络结构的形成期间，Pb2+喜欢打破Si–O–Si契约并且随后为起诉赔偿结合到F−，并且Cd2+喜欢打破Si–O–Al契约并且被O2−包围。Pb2+和F−一起聚在一起并且形成氟化物nanocrystals，当Cd2+在热处理以后留在氧化物矩阵时。合适的CdF2的介绍是重要的在透明玻璃陶艺的制造调整并且控制玻璃网络结构和结晶化过程。

简介：CuSpinealmicrospherescongregatedfrominterleavingnanoflakeswiththicknessof40to200nmweresynthesizedbyapyridine-solvothermalprocessviathereactionbetweencupricchloride(CuCl2·2H2O)andthioacetamide(TAA,CH3CSNH2).TheproductswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffractionandscanningelectronmicroscopy.UV-Visabsorptionspectrum,excitationandphotoluminescencespectraofCuSpinealmicrosphereswereobtainedatroomtemperaturetoinvestigatetheiropticalproperties.ApossiblegrowthmechanismontheformationofCuSpinealmicrospheresisproposed.ThefactorsinfluencingtheevolutionofmorphologiesofCuScrystalsincludingthedosageofthereactants,surfactant,andsulphur-sourcewerealsoanalyzed.

简介：Thenumericalsimulationcanovercomethehardshipofmathematicalanalysisandexperimentalresearch,explicatethemechanismofmicrostructureshaping,predictmechanicalpropertiesandoperatinglifeofcastingsandthenoptimizetechnologyandcontrolmicrostructureformationtoobtainthequalifiedcastings.Thefinitedifferencemethod(FDM)isappliedtothesimulationoftemperaturefieldbasedonallkindsofnucleationandgrowthmodelsonallstagesofsolidificationofspheroidalgraphitecastiron.VisualC++isusedtoprogramthenumericalsimulationsoftware,QTstructure-1tosimulatethesolidificationprocessofspheroidalgraphitecastironandtheformationofallphasesinsolidificationprocess.Finally,theresultofsimulationiswellagreedwiththeexperimentalresult.

简介：

简介：Glassbasedbonecement(GBC)wassynthesizedbymixingCaO-SiO2-P2O5basedglasspowderwithammoniumphosphateliquidmedium.Bone-likehydroxyapatite(HAP,Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)wasfoundtoformafterGBCwasimmersedinsimulatedbodyfluid(SBF).HAPcrystalgrewwithanincreasingtimealongcaxleandreachedabout200nminlengthafter30days,however,theendplanegranularityremained30～50nm.Thechemicalcomposition,crystalstructureandmorphologyofHAPformedfromGBCwereprovedtohavegreatresemblancewithlivingHAP.ItisbelievedthatGBCwasadesirablebiomedicalmaterialwithhighbioactivity.Furthermore,thehighcompressivestrengthguaranteedthepossibilityofGBCinclinicalapplication.

简介：在退火期间形成的再结晶谷物的取向分发，以及他们到在冷卷的FeCo合金的变丑矩阵的错误取向关系被调查了。大多数再结晶原子核与到变丑矩阵的角度很高通常是的相当随机的取向，和他们的错误取向在边界区域附近被定位，这被发现。然而，一些原子核也在变丑谷物，他们有很类似的取向到内被观察。因此在原子核和变丑矩阵之间的错误取向角度通常是很低的。取向和原子核的错误取向分布在能导致一块很弱的再结晶质地的再结晶过程上有很强烈的影响。相应机制被讨论。

简介：AseriesofDy(Gd)-basedbulkamorphousalloyrodswerepreparedbywater-cooledcoppermoldmethod.ThermalstabilityandstructureofDy-Gd-Co-AlalloyswereinvestigatedbydifferentialscanningcalorimetryandX-raydi-raction,respectively.TheresultsshowthattheDy-Gd-Co-Alalloyshavegoodglass-formationability,andtheDy31Gd25Co20Al24alloycanbereadilycastintofullglassyrodsupto5mmindiameter.Theglass-formingabilityofmulticomponentalloyswasgreatlydependentontheirchemicalinteractionandtheequivalentbondparametersamongatomssuchasequivalentelectronegativitydierence,equivalentatomicsizeparameter.TheDy(Gd)-basedbulkamorphousalloyscouldbeexpectedaspotentialfunctionalmaterials.

简介：在polymetallic小瘤和海底山合作富人外壳的深海的矿物质是不仅由矿化作用而且由包含微生物(biomineralization)的生物学上驾驶的过程形成了。在polymetallic小瘤以内，免费生活并且形成biofilm细菌为锰免职提供矩阵，并且在海底山合作富人外壳中，coccolithophores代表为起始的锰免职充当简历种子的主导的有机体。这些(简历)矿物质是经济地重要的：锰是一个重要alloying部件和除了被使用的特殊的钢的钴形式部分，与另外的稀罕金属一起，在血浆屏幕，硬盘磁铁和混合汽车马达。在我们在这些金属的丰富的器官的矩阵的参予的理解的最近的进步可能为biotechnological应用的可行性研究提供基础。

简介：在液体铁的Al2O3包括的形成在加热的一个电阻被调查了获得deoxidation和氧化的试管炉子联系了数据。包括的形成被与包含不同的溶解的氧层次的液体Fe在一短时间在接触带给一艾尔在deoxidation的早阶段期间模仿。氧化被暴露包含Fe的艾尔学习融化到CO/CO2气氛。通过当模特儿，为包括的本地人和时间依赖者生长条件的估计能被做并且连接到包括特征。

简介：Microstructureandsubsequentphasetransformationsonheatingofthemelt-spunNd85Al15alloyhavebeenstudiedbyX-raydiffraction,transmissionelectronmicroscopyanddifferentialscanningcalorimetry.Themelt-spunNd85Al15alloyshowstwo-stagetransformationprocessesasfollows:amorphous+72nmsupersaturatedbcc-Nd(Al)solidsolution→7nmomega-likephase→AlNd3+hexagonalNd.Theactivationenergiesforthefirstandsecondtransformationwerefoundtobe100kJ/moland188kJ/mol,respectively.Theformationmechanismofnanoscaleomega-likephaseisdiscussed.

简介：Theyolk-shellLaMnO3perovskitemicrosphereswerefabricatedbyanovel,simpleandmildsofttemplateapproach.Aseriesoftemplate-P123concentrations(0-6.12mmol·L^-1)wereemployedtooptimizethemostcompletespheres.WhentheconcentrationofP123is3.0mmol·L^-1,theobtainedyolk-shellmicrosphereswithadiameterof200-700nmwereconstructedbynanoparticles.Thepossibleformationmechanismoftheyolk-shellmicrosphereswasrevealedstepbystepviaXRD,SEM,TEM,EDSandHRTEM.MoleculesofP123weresuitablymixedwithsolventsfordoubleshelledvesiclesthroughself-assembly,whichinteractedwithmetalcomplexestoformP123-metalvesicles.AftertheremovalofP123andcitricacidbycalcinationat700℃,theyolk-shellLaMnO3microsphereswiththrough-channelswereobtained.Through-channelsonthesurfacewereduetocitricacidandthesolidcorewasattributedtotheshrinkofinnervesicles.Preparedyolk-shellmicrospheresamplespossessedalargersurfaceareaandahighermaximumNOconversionvalueof78%at314℃forNOoxidation,comparedwithsampleswithouttheyolk-shellstructure.

简介：Silicide涂层被泥浆包硬化进程为把SiO2用作纯艾尔Si来源的12h在1173K在铜矩阵上在electro-deposited镍层上作好准备作为reducer搽粉，NaF+NH4Cl和蛋白(鸡蛋白人)是连贯的代理人。微观结构，性质和silicide涂层的siliconizing机制被讨论。有220μm厚度的silicide涂层主要是的试验性的结果表演Ni2Si阶段和Ni31Si12阶段。它的吝啬的微坚硬(HV790)比铜底层(HV70)的是十次。磨擦的系数从0.8纯铜减少到大约0.3硅Z样品。SiF2,SiCl2和SiCl3在泥浆包装硬化过程期间为Si的交通和免职负责。

简介：Inducedembryonicstemresourcesfortheobservationofthecell（ES）cellsareexpectedtobepromisingcellbehaviorsindevelopmentalbiologyaswellastheimplantationincelltreatmentsinhumandiseases.ArecombinantE-cadherinsubstratumwasdevelopedasacellrecognizablesubstratumtomaintaintheEScells＇self-renewalandpluripotencyatsinglecelllevel.Furthermore,thegenerationofvariouscelllineagesindifferentgermlayers,includinghepaticorneuralcells,wasachievedonthechimericproteinlayerpreciselyandeffectively.Theinductionandisolationofspecificcellpopulationwascarriedoutwiththeenhancingeffectofotherartificialextracellularmatrices（ECMs）inenzyme-freeprocess.ThemurineEScell-derivedcellsshowedhighlymorphologicalsimilaritiesandfunctionalexpressionstomaturedhepatocytesorneuralprogenitorcells.

简介：一个新奇方法被开发了很快与帮助扔像骨头的磷灰石紫外(紫外)在模仿的身体液体(SBF)的nanostructuredtitania上的轻照耀。这个过程有三主要的步：Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn合金在650点被加热