简介:Duringtherupturesofanearthquake,thestrainenergy.△E,.willbetransferredinto,atleast,threeparts,i.e..theseismicradiationenergy(E_s),fractureenergy(E_g),andfrictionalenergy(E_f),thatis,△E=E_s+E_g+E_f.Friction,whichisrepresentedbyavelocity-andstate-dependentfrictionlawbysomeresearchers,controlsthethreeparts.Oneofthemainparametersofthelawisthecharacteristicslipdisplacement.D_c.ItissignificantandnecessarytoevaluatethereliablevalueofD_cfromobservedandinvertedseismicdata.SinceD_ccontrolstheradiationefficiency.η_R=E_s/(E_s+E_g),thevalueofη_risagoodconstraintofestimatingD_c.Integratingobserveddataandinvertedresultsofsourceparametersfromrecordedseismograms.thevaluesofE_sandE_gofanearthquakecanbemeasured,thusleadingtothevalueofη_R.TheconstraintusedtoestimatethereliablevalueofD_cwillbedescribedinthiswork.AnexampleofestimatesofD_c.basedontheobservedandinvertedvaluesofsourceparametersoftheSeptember20,1999M_S7.6Chi-Chi(Ji-Ji).Taiwanregion,earthquakewillbepresented.
简介:Thispaperpresentsafieldbasedmethodtodealwiththedisplacementofbuildingcluster,whichisdrivenbythestreetwidening.Thecompressofstreetboundaryresultsintheforcetopushthebuildingmovinginsideandtheforcepropagationisadecayprocess.Todescribethephenomenonabove,thefieldtheoryisintroducedwiththerepresentationmodelofisoline.OnthebasisoftheskeletonofDelaunaytriangulation,thedisplacementfieldisbuiltinwhichthepropagationforceisrelatedtotheadjacencydegreewithrespecttothestreetboundary.Thestudyoffersthecomputationofdisplacementdirectionandoffsetdistanceforthebuildingdisplacement.Thevectoroperationisperformedonthebasisofgradeandotherfieldconcepts.
简介:排水量操作员是一重要、静止在地图归纳的一个热话题。在归纳产品,符号一定不含糊、容易察觉、容易地听说,它在特征之中做空格竞争在地图的进程的一个重要障碍反对排水量。通过繁殖过程,在目标之间的空间冲突可以被散布,更多的目标可以漂流进它。为了维持符号,在符号的对象,一些不重要的符号或部分之间的平衡和空间关系应该根据视觉图形的分辨率阀值在限制下面被弄歪在地图特征之中弄明白空格竞争。包括位置,易读性和特征的三限制为符号平衡和空间关系的维护是重要的,它在这篇论文被讨论。骨骼被介绍表示区域目标考虑特征,一个区域目标能在被分开到在构造根据他们的重要性分开教主的联盟者。然后,有限元素方法被用于地图目标的排水量和失真,为有限元素方法的参数的策略在被讨论。
简介:福雷斯特土壤是自然环境的一个重要部件,并且是许多生物活动的主要媒介。在这研究,由开凿者和推土机(重设备)的土壤损失和排水量在切割上被测量并且充满位于Mazandaran省的森林道路的斜坡,伊朗。土壤损失的体积被切并且充满的斜坡变丑在之间的prismoidal分析估计两次处理(在subgrading和二年下面以后)在斜坡班上3050%和5070%。土壤损失的重量被乘土壤损失(cm3)的体积到一般体积密度(1.3g/cm3)计算。土壤由重设备代替了区域根据土工作被评估宽度。结果显示那台重设备在变丑上有重要效果切斜坡坡度并且充满斜坡长度(p<0.0001)。在二年的时期期间,切割(p<0.0002)并且充满(p<0.0001)斜坡坡度显著地在不同斜坡班上被使变形。由开凿者和推土机的平均土壤损失分别地是160.35t/hayr和429.09t/hayr。而且,土壤由推土机在subgrading进程期间代替了区域比在二个斜坡类上的开凿者大(p<0.05)。玷污损失,在森林道路的排水量能被在subgrading工程使用强大的开凿者减少,特别在陡峭的地面。
简介:这份报纸加基于的排水量(V+D)采用速度在即时基础测试解决速度/排水量差别方程的相等的力量控制(EFC)方法。使用打2反馈控制的这个方法循环代替数学重复解决非线性的动态方程。一光谱扩大矩阵的半径分析证明类型2EFC明确,Newmark-方法为这个方法有有益的数字特征。它=的稳定性限制2不管因为速度在模拟期间与很高的精确性被完成,抑制的系统仍然保持未改变。相反,使用的中央差别方法的稳定性限制与线性插值指导速度预言和EFC平均的加速方法被显示随系统抑制的增加减少。事实上,EFC平均的加速方法被显示变化从对无条件地稳定有条件地稳定。我们也证明如果有1.05的抑制比率的一个过去抑制的系统被考虑,稳定性限制被归结为=1.45。最后,从有single-degree-of-freedom结构的一个实验的结果与magneto-rheological(先生)安装了更潮湿被介绍。结果证明建议方法能与中等精确性跟随排水量和速度命令,导致为对速度和排水量输入敏感的结构的改进测试性能和精确性。尽管学习的调查结果是有希望的,另外的测试数据和几进一步的改进将被要求得出一般结论。
简介:Performance-basedseismicdesign(PBSD)aimstoassessstructuresatdifferentdamagestates.Sincedamagecanbedirectlyassociatedtodisplacements,seismicdesignwithconsiderationofdisplacementseemstobelogical.Inthisstudy,simpleformulaetoestimatethepeakfloordisplacementpatternsofeccentricallybracedframes(EBFs)atdifferentperformancelevelssubjectedtoearthquakegroundmotionsareproposed.TheseformulaeareapplicableinaPBSDandespeciallyindirectdisplacement-baseddesign(DDBD).Parametricstudyisconductedonagroupof30EBFsunderasetof15farfieldandnearfieldaccelerogramswhichtheyscaledtodifferentamplitudestoadaptvariousperformancelevels.TheresultsofthousandsofnonlineardynamicanalysesofEBFshavebeenpost-processedbynonlinearregressionanalysisinordertorecognizethemajorparametersthatinfluencethepeakdisplacementpatternoftheseframes.Resultsshowthatsuggesteddisplacementpatternshaverelativelygoodagreementwiththoseacquiredbyanexactnonlineardynamicanalysis.
简介:Thispaperpresentsastep-by-stepprocedureusingthethree-dimensionalboundaryelementapproachtostudythebehaviorofsemi-circularcanyonsunderseismicshearwaves.TheboundaryelementcodeTDASCallowsutilizationforvariouscanyongeometries,evaluationofconcurrentseismicwavesandcalculationofthegroundmotionsoncanyonsduetoanexcitationatanyarbitrarypointoftheincidentfield.Consideringthewideningratioofthecanyon(includingprismatic,semi-prismaticandnon-prismaticcanyons),wavecharacteristics(wavelength,dimensionlessperiod,direction)andmaximumamplificationpattern,thesolutionwasappliedtocarryoutaseriesofparametricstudies.Itwasshownthatcanyonformcansignificantlyaffectthedisplacementamplification,especiallyatthepointslocatedonitsedges.Byincreasingthewavedimensionlessfrequency(η>1),theamplificationpatternbecomesmorecomplex.Onthebasisoftheresultsfromavarietyofconsideredcases,anewexpressionhasbeenpresentedforthelimitingwavelengthbeyondwhichthewideningofthecanyonwillnothaveamajoreffectonthedisplacementamplification.Toverifythereliabilityoftheproposedapproach,theobtainedresults,expressedintermsofdisplacementamplitude,werecomparedwiththosefromtheavailablepublishedliteratureandareasonablygoodagreementwasobserved.
简介:Pull-apartbasinsofthreescaleswerefoundalongtheHaiyuanfaultzone.Thelargestoneismorethan50kmlong,namedLaolongwanbasindevelopedinMiocene.Amodelwasbuilttocalculatetheamountofpull-apartofanextensionalbasin.Parametersusedincalculationincludethicknessandlengthofdepositionanddepthofdetachment.Theresultsofcalculationshowthattheamountofpull-apartoftheLaolongwanBasinisabout30km.Basedonpreviousstudiesandcalculatingbyusingtheaverageslipratemethod,amountofpull-apartoftheothertwosmallerbasinsare22kmand8km,respectively.Thus,thetotaldisplacementofstrikeslipalongtheHaiynanfaultzoneisabout60kin,whichisclosetotheoffsetoftheYellowRiverfromJingtaitoJingynan.
简介:Thecorrelationofthescaledenergy,e?=Es/M0,versusearthquakemagnitude,Ms,isstudiedbasedontwomodels:(1)Model1basedontheuseofthetimefunctionoftheaveragedisplacements,withax-2sourcespectrum,acrossafaultplane;and(2)Model2basedontheuseofthetimefunctionoftheaveragedisplacements,withax-3sourcespectrum,acrossafaultplane.Forthesecondmodel,therearetwocases:(a)Ass*T,wheresistherisetimeandTtherupturetime,lg(e?)*-Ms;and(b)AssT,lg(e?)*-(1/2)Ms.Thesecondmodelleadstoanegativevalueofe?.ThismeansthatModel2cannotworkforstudyingthepresentproblem.TheresultsobtainedfromModel1suggestthatthesourcemodelisafactor,yetnotauniqueone,incontrollingthecorrelationofe?versusMs.
简介:Seismicruptureproducedbyactivefaultingcausesgroundsurfacefracturingandseriouslydamagesbuildings.However,thefracturetracesareusuallyindistinctornon-visiblebecauseofcomplicateddeformationsinQuaternaryunconsolidatedmaterials,sotheirupperpartscanhardlybediscoveredonexploratorytrenches.Theaimofthispaperistostudythetypesoffaultruptureanddisplacementindifferentloosedepositbedsfromajointviewofmega-,meso-,andmicroscopicscales,andtofindthemarkandmethodfortimingthepalaeoseismicruptureonexploratorytrenches.
简介:Usingatimeseriesmethodthatcombinesboththepersistentscattererandsmallbaselineapproaches,weanalyzed9scenesEnvisatASARdataovertheL’Aquilaearthquake,andobtainedaShocke’sdisplacementfieldanditsevolutionprocesses.Theresultsshowthat:(1)EnvisatASARclearlydetectedthewholeprocessesofdisplacementfieldoftheL’Aquilaearthquake,anddistinctvariationsatdifferentstagesofthedisplacementfield.(2)Preseismiccreepdisplacement?displacementmutationwhenfaulting?constantlysloweddownaftertheearthquake.(3)Theareaofthestrongestdeformationandgroundrupturewasalow-lyingovaldepressionregiontothesoutheast.Surfacefaultingwithinazoneofabout22km914km,withanorientationof135°,occurredalongtheNW-strikingandSW-dippingPaganica-S.Demetrionormalfault.(4)Inanalyzinganareaofabout54km959km,boundedbynorth–southaxistotheepicenter,thedisplacementfieldhassignificantcharacteristicsofawatershed:westwardoftheepicentershowsupliftwithmaximumof130mminline-of-sight(LOS),andeastoftheepicenterwasaregionwith220mmofmaximumsubsidenceintheLOS,concentratingontherupturezone,themajorityofwhichformedinthecourseoffaultingandsubsequence.