简介：Anexplicitlysolvablemodelfortunnellingofrelativisticspinlessparticlesthroughasphereissuggested.ThemodeloperatorisconstructedbyanoperatorextensionstheorymethodfromtheorthogonalsumoftheDiracoperatorsonasemiaxisandonthesphere.Thetransmissioncoefficientisobtained.Thedependenceofthetransmissioncoefficientontheparticleenergyhasaresonantcharacter.OneobservespairsoftheBreit–WignerandtheFanoresonances.Itcorrelateswiththecorrespondingresultsforanon-relativisticparticle.

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简介：在这研究，为评估自然频率和模式的准确解决方案的分析关系与嵌入的形状存储器横梁塑造合金(SMA)电线被介绍。横梁根据Euler-Bernoulli，Timoshenko和第三根顺序横梁(瑞迪)理论被建模。一种关系为决定预先拉紧的SMA电线的恢复行动产生的轴的负担的效果被获得。由定义一些无尺寸的数量，频率和系统的模式形状上的不同机械性质的效果小心地被检验。轴的负担的效果与弄弯由SMA电线产生了负担和频率跳精确地被学习。

简介：这张手稿用设计策略的织物集中于骨头修理/新生，并且加亮导致新奇nanocomposite系统的nanobiotechnology开发。大约650万破裂在美国每年发生，并且大约550,000个这些单个盒子要求了骨头接枝的申请。自然发生并且allogenous骨头最广泛地为骨头接枝被使用了基于的治疗；然而，象施主缺乏和感染的风险那样有重要问题。用合成、自然的biomaterials的选择被开发了，并且一些为要求骨头接枝的临床的应用程序是商业地可得到的。然而，设计很仔细模仿骨头织物在结构上，和罐头的理想的合成接枝仍然是大挑战在造骨细胞和祖先房间人口调制需要的功能。Nanobiomaterials，明确地，nanocompositeshydroxyapatite创作了(哈)或骨胶原极其正在答应接枝代用品。biocomposites能被制作模仿本国的骨头织物的材料作文，并且另外，当使用nano时--哈(减少的谷物尺寸)，一个人模仿本国的骨头的结构的安排。骨头生物学和结构的好理解对骨头mimicking接枝代用品的开发批评。哈并且能进一步调制regenerative/healing的优秀osteoconductive性质处理跟随破裂损害的骨胶原展览。与另外的聚合biomaterials结合将增强因此做新奇nano的机械性质--哈比得上人的骨头的基于的composites。我们用nanocomposites在最近的研究上报导为部分骨头缺点的新生作为粒子和nanofibers被制作了。在nanocomposites的研究，在理想的未来发展加亮一个枢轴的角色整形外科植入设备，然而进一步的重要前进是必要的完成临床的使用。

简介：Glassbasedbonecement(GBC)wassynthesizedbymixingCaO-SiO2-P2O5basedglasspowderwithammoniumphosphateliquidmedium.Bone-likehydroxyapatite(HAP,Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2)wasfoundtoformafterGBCwasimmersedinsimulatedbodyfluid(SBF).HAPcrystalgrewwithanincreasingtimealongcaxleandreachedabout200nminlengthafter30days,however,theendplanegranularityremained30～50nm.Thechemicalcomposition,crystalstructureandmorphologyofHAPformedfromGBCwereprovedtohavegreatresemblancewithlivingHAP.ItisbelievedthatGBCwasadesirablebiomedicalmaterialwithhighbioactivity.Furthermore,thehighcompressivestrengthguaranteedthepossibilityofGBCinclinicalapplication.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigateanewmethodtoconstructtissue-engineeringbonethatwillbeapplicableclinically.　　Methods:　Thecultured5thgenerationrabbitbonemarrowstromaosteoblasts(MSO)wasdissolvedin3%sodiumalginatesolution(thefinalconcentrationofsodiumalginateinthesolutionbeing1%,andMSO,5×106/L),andtheninoculatedintopreparedtrueboneceramic(TBC)andgelatinizedthebonebydribblingwithcalciumgluconate.Thestandardbonedefectmodelsweremadein48adultNewZealandrabbitsbothradius.Amongthe48rabbits,24wereinGroupsAandB,inwhichtheleftradiuswasimplantedwithgelatinizedMSO-TBC(GroupA)andrightradiusimplantedwithautograft-bone(GroupB);andtheother24wereincontrolgroupwhoseleftradiuswasimplantedwithnon-gelatinizedMSO-TBC(GroupC)andrightradiusimplantedwithgelatinizedTBC(GroupD).Outcomesoftheimplantedboneswereassessedbyradiology,pathologicalhistology,osteogeneticquantitativeanalysis,andbiomechanicsat2,4,8,12weekspostoperatively.Results:　InGroupsAandB,asatisfactorybonereparationandbonyunionwasnotedwithin12weeks.InGroupsCandD,bonereparationwasnotsatisfiedcomparedwithGroupAintermsofostogeneticquantityandbiomechanics.　Conclusions:　GelatinizedMSO-TBCisanidealartificialactivebonethatovercomesTBCshortcomingsoffragilenessandsmoothsurfacethatisnoteligibleforseedcellsadhesion.Itispromisingtoputintoclinicaluseextensively.

简介：Anovertphenotypeofaquaporin-1knockout(AQP1ko)miceisgrowthretardation,suggestingpossibledefectsinbonedevelopmentandmetabolism.Inthepresentstudy,weanalyzedthebonemineraldensity(BMD),bonecalciumandphosphoruscontents,andbonemetabolisminanAQP1komousemodel.TheBMDoffemursinAQP1komicewassignificantlylowerthanthatoflitter-matchedwildtypemiceasmeasuredbydualenergyX-rayabsorptiometry.Consistently,thecontentsofbonetotalcalciumandphosphoruswerealsosignificantlylowerinAQP1komice.ThereducedBMDcausedbyAQP1deficiencymainlyaffectmalemice.Bonemetabolicactivity,asindicatedby99mTc-MDPabsorptionmeasurements,wasremarkablyreducedinAQP1komice.TheseresultsprovidethefirstevidencethatAQP1playanimportantroleinbonestructureandmetabolism.

简介：ToobservepotentialeffectoftheengineeredbonemarrowstromalcelllineQXMSC1secretingIL-6(QXMSCIL-6)onacceleratingimmnunereconstitutioninsyngeneicbonemarrowtransplantationinmice,QXMSC1wastransfectedwiththeeukaryocyticexpressionvectorpcDNAIL-6,whichcontainedhIL-6cDNAbyliposome-mediatedgenetransfectingtechnique.G418-resistanceclonewasselectedbylimitingdilution.ThehighestsecretingclonewasselectedbyELISAassayandusedinanimalexperiments.Therecipientmice(BALB/c)werelethallyirradiatedandcotransplantedsyngeneicbonemarrow(10^7/mice)andtheQXMSCIIL-6(5×10^5/mice).LymphocyteproliferationinducedbyConAandLPS,helperTlymphocyteprecursor(HTLp),cytotoxicTlymphocyteprecursor(CTLp),plaque-formingcell(PFC),delayedtypehypersensitivity(DTH)wereexamined30,60daysinposttransplantationrespectively.TheresultsshowedthatlymphocytesproliferationtoConAandLPS,HTLp,CTLpincreased,DTHandPFCwereimprovedbycograftedstromalcellsQXMSCIIL-6on30,60daysafterBMT.TheseresultsdemonstratedthatthebonemarrowstromalcelllineQXMSC1IL-6transfectedwithIL-6(QXMSC11L-6)acceleratedimmnunereconstitutioninsyngeneicbonemarrowtransplantation.

简介：Paget'sdiseaseofboneisafocaldisorderofboneremodellingcausedbyabnormallyincreasedosteoclast-mediatedboneresorption.qtleaffectedboneschangeinshaw,sizeanddirection,whiletherestoftheskeletonremainsnormal.TheclinicalconsequencesofthediseasewerefirstdescribedbySirJanlesPagetin1876(Figure1).

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简介：你听说过GGBONE吗？就是那动画片中的猪猪侠，但是，你知道我的GGBONE吗，那就是我的QQ宠物猪猪。

简介：BackgroundTheVisibleHumanProject(VHP)initiatedbytheU.S.NationalLibraryofMedicinehasdrawnmuchattentionandinterestsfromaroundtheworld.TheVisibleChineseHuman(VCH)projecthasstartedinChina.ThecurrentstudyaimsatacquiringafeasiblevirtualmethodologyforreconstructingthetemporalboneoftheChinesepopulation,whichmayprovideanaccurate3-Dmodelofimportanttemporalbonestructuresthatcanbeusedinteachingandpatientcareformedicalscientistsandclinicians.MethodsAseriesofsectionalimagesofthetemporalboneweregeneratedfromsectionslicesofafemalecadaverhead.Oneachsectionalimage,SOIs(structuresofinterest)weresegmentedbycarefullydefiningtheircontoursandfillingtheirareaswithcertaingrayscalevalues.Theprocessedvolumedataweretheninductedintothe3DSlicersoftware(developedbytheSurgicalPlanningLabatBrighamandWomen'sHospitalandtheMITAILab)forresegmentationandgenerationofasetoftaggedimagesoftheSOIs.3DsurfacemodelsofSOIswerethenreconstructedfromtheseimages.ResultsThetemporalboneandstructuresinthetemporalbone,includingthetympaniccavity,mastoidcells,sigmoidsinusandinternalcarotidartery,weresuccessfullyreconstructed.Theorientationofandspatialrelationshipamongthesestructureswereeasilyvisualizedinthereconstructedsurfacemodels.ConclusionThe3DSlicersoftwarecanbeusedfor3-dimensionalvisualizationofanatomicstructuresinthetemporalbone,whichwillgreatlyfacilitatetheadvanceofknowledgeandtechniquescriticalforstudyingandtreatingdisordersinvolvingthetemporalbone.

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheosteogenicpotentialofbonemorphogeneticprotein(BMP)-2genetransfectedgoatbonemarrow-derivedmesenchymalstemcells(MSCs).Methods:Goatbonemarrow-derivedMSCsweretransfectedbyAdv-humanbonemorphogeneticprotein(hBMP)-2gene(Group1),Adv-betagaltransfectedMSCs(Group2)anduninfectedMSCs(Group3).Westernblotanalysis,alkalinephosphatasestaining,VonKossastainingandtransmissionelectronmicroscopywereadoptedtodeterminethephenotypeofMSCs.Thenthecellswereinjectedintothighmusclesofthenudemice.Radiographicalandhistologicalevaluationswereperformedatdifferentintervals.Results:OnlyAdv-hBMP-2transfectedMSCsproducedhBMP-2.Thesecellswerepositiveforalkalinephosphatasestainingatthe12thdayandwerepositiveforVonKossastainingatthe16thdayaftergenetransfer.Electronmicroscopicobservationshowedthatthereweremoreroughendoplasmicreticulum,mitochondriaandlysosomesinAdv-hBMP-2transfectedMSCscomparedtoMSCsofothertwogroups.Atthe3rdand6thweeksaftercellinjection,ectopicboneswereobservedinmusclesofnudemiceofGroup1.Onlyfibroustissueoralittlebonewasfoundinothertwogroups.Conclusions:BMP-2genetransfectedMSCscandifferentiateintoosteoblastsinvitroandinduceboneformationinvivo.

简介：Objective:Toobservetheactivityofrepeatedextractsofbonematrixandtheproductionofpurifiedbonemorphogeneticproteins(BMPs).Methods:BMPswereextracted1-4timesfromfreshbovinecorticalbonebythemodifiedUrist'smethod,witheachcollectedprecipitateseparatedandlyophilizedaspartiallypurifiedBMPs.Anotherfreshbovinebonewasextractedthreetimesandtheprecipitatesweremixedandlyophilized.Meanwhile,thealkalinephosphatase(ALP)activitywasmeasuredbyaninvitroassayemployingculturedC2C12mousemyoblastcellsthroughtheosteoinductivityofbovineBMPsextractedfourtimesatdays1,4,7,and14,andthecorrelationbetweenBMPsquantitiesandcostingduringextractionprocesseswasanalyzed.Results:Thepurifiedandthecostshowedapositivecorrelation(r=0.969).ToseparateandlyophilizeeachcollectedprecipitateaspartiallypurifiedBMPsraisedthecost,andmixedprecipitatesalsocostmuch.ALPactivitiesof1standmixedextractionsofBMPswereshowntobehighlyosteoinductiveandkeepasignificantlyhighlevel(P<0.05-0.01)4daysafterculturingcomparedwiththe2nd,3rdand4thextractions,especiallythecontrolgroup.However,themoretimestheextractionwsdone,thelessactivityofBMPswasshownandmorecostingwas.Thex-rayandhistologicalanalysisalsoshowedthatthe1stextractionofBMPsinducedmoreossiclesandnewboneformation.Conclusions:TheresultsindicatedthatBMPsenhancedtheabilitiesofosteoinductiviytinC2C12cultureinvitro.ThefirstextractionofBMPsfromboneisfitfull,4thextractionsareunnecessaryfortheycostmoreandwastemoretime,saynothingofmixedextractions.

简介：Thesubbandstructures,distributionsofelectronandholewavefunctions,statedensity,opticalgainspectra,andtransparencycarrierdensityoftheV-grooveZn1-xCdxSe/ZnSequantumwiresareinvestigatedtheoreticallyusingfourbandeffective-massHamiltonian,whichtakesintoaccounttheeffectsofthevalencebandanisotropyandthebandmixing.Thebiaxialstraineffectforquantumwiresisincludedinthecalculation.ThecompressivestrainintheZn1-xCdxSewireregionincreasestheenergyseparationbetweentheuppermostsubbands.Theopticalgainwithxy-polarizedlightisenhanced,whileopticalgainwithz-polarizedlightisstronglydecreased.Thexy-polarizedopticalgainspectrumhasapeakataround2.541Ev,withthetransparencycarrierdensityof0.75×1018　cm-3.Thecalculatedresultsalsoshowthatthestraintendstoincreasethequantumconfinementandenhancetheanisotropyoftheopticaltransitions.

简介：在使用micro-arc-oxidization(毛)并且随后在不同模仿的生理的环境与poly-L-lactic酸(PLLA)封上的表面修正以后的新奇高张力AZ31B镁合金电线的降级行为被调查。表面毛micropores能身体上是的结果表演由PLLA封上，因此为电线形成有效保护到腐蚀抵抗。在在低pH价值(1.5或2.5)的模仿的胃的液体(SGF)，对待的电线让高降级与质量，直径，机械性质和沉浸液体的pH价值的重要增加的快速的减少评价。然而，表面修正能有效地与上面的pH价值在SGF减少对待的电线的降级率4.0。为在在pH=的模仿的肠的液体的对待的电线8.5，他们的力量保留能力在强壮的酸的SGF比那高。并且质量的损失率比直径的快，当沉浸液体的pH价值减少时。在模仿的身体环境的修改电线有最好的力量保留能力，这应该被注意。电线显示出显示他们的不同降级机制的不同降级行为，它也在这个工作被建议。

简介：忍受重量的骨头常常正在使它的结构和功能适应机械环境。通过平淡的锻练装载刺激骨头形成并且阻止骨头损失，但是在空间飞行期间象暴露一样通过床休息和演员组固定卸掉到无重状态减少它的团和力量。以便阐明位于卸掉开车骨头改编下面的机制，在vitro并且在vivo分析基于地面用旋转房间culturing和后部的手足暂停被进行了。在造骨细胞和后部的手足暂停集中于基因表达研究学习，这微型评论在空间在无重状态下面在骨头动态平衡上介绍我们的最近的理解。大多数存在数据显示卸掉有相反的效果到通过普通发信号的小径装载。然而，一个问题至于是否留下对卸掉唯一的任何小径(并且不装载)可以存在。

简介：AbstractIn this paper, we review the results of previous studies and summarize the effects of various factors on the regulation of bone metabolism in traumatic bone infections. Infection-related bone destruction incorporates pathogens and iatrogenic factors in the process of bone resorption dominated by the skeletal and immune systems. The development of bone immunology has established a bridge of communication between the skeletal system and the immune system. Exploring the effects of pathogens, skeletal systems, immune systems, and antibacterials on bone repair in infectious conditions can help improve the treatment of these diseases.