简介：AbstractPurpose:An injury surveillance information system (ISIS) collects, analyzes, and distributes data on injuries to promote health care delivery. The present study aimed to review the data elements and functional requirements of this system.Method:This study was conducted in 2019. Studies related to injury surveillance system were searched from January 2000 to September 2019 via the databases of PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Articles related to the epidemiology of injury, population survey, and letters to the editor were excluded, while the review and research articles related to ISISs were included in the study. Initially 324 articles were identified, and finally 22 studies were selected for review. Having reviewed the articles, the data needed were extracted and the results were synthesized narratively.Results:The results showed that most of the systems reviewed in this study used the minimum data set suggested by the World Health Organization injury surveillance guidelines along with supplementary data. The main functions considered for the system were injury track, data analysis, report, data linkage, electronic monitoring and data dissemination.Conclusion:ISISs can help to improve healthcare planning and injury prevention. Since different countries have various technical and organizational infrastructures, it is essential to identify system requirements in different settings.

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简介：TheintegratedCivilSocietyOrganizations(iCSO)System,developedbytheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs(DESA),facilitatesinteractionsbetweencivilsocietyorganizationsandDESA.Thesystemprovides

简介：Apassiveopticalnetwork(PON)monitoringsystemcombinedlightpulseandfrequencysweeptechniquesisproposedandverifiedinafieldtest.Thelightpulsesurveysovertheallwholenetworkandthefrequencysweepareusedtoinvestigateanyfaultinthelink.Thefieldtestisperformedwith4PONs.EachPONismonitoredat4ports,oneisthesplitterportandtheotherthreearearbitrarychosenmultipleopticalunits(ONUs).AllthetestedPONsaremonitoredinturnsonceperhour.Faultsatthefeederandbranchfiberhavebeenobservedinthisfieldtestandhavebeenanalyzedwiththemonitoringsystem.

简介：ShoemakingisoneoftheareaswhereCAD/CAMapplicationisrapidlyincreasing.Thispaperintroducesanintegratedcomputeraidedshoemakingsystemincludinghumanfootmeasuring,last(woodenmodel)measuring,lastCAD/CAMandpatternCAD/CAM.Theprojectwassupportedbythe7thnationaleconomical5yearplan.Hightechnologies,suhasdigitalimageprocessing,patternrcognition,advancedgeometricalmodelingandaseriesofsophisticatedequipmentsanddevicesareap-pliedinthisintegratedsystem.Partsofthesystemhavebecomecommercialproducts.

简介：Numericalsimulationofinjectionmoldinghavehadsuccessinpredictingthebehaviorofpolymermeltinextremelycomplicatedgeometries.Mostofthecurrentnumericalsolutionsarebasedonfinite-element/finite-difference/boundary-element/volume-controlmethodsandthesurfacemodel.ThispaperdiscussesthedevelopmentofanintegratedCAEsystemforinjectionmoldingindetail,andpresentsthemathematicsfornumericalsimulationoffilling,packing,cooling,stressandwarpageininjectionmolding.ThedevelopedsystemnamedasHsCAE3Disintroducedattheend.

简介：AbstractBackground:Malaria surveillance system strengthening is essential in the progress towards malaria elimination. In Nigeria, more attention is being given to this recently as the country is striving towards achieving elimination. However, the surveillance system performance is fraught with challenges including poor data quality with varying magnitude by state. This study evaluated the operation of the Kano State malaria surveillance system and assessed its key attributes.Methods:An observational study design comprising a survey, record review and secondary data analysis, and mixed methods data collection approach were used. Four key stakeholders' and 35 Roll Back Malaria Focal Persons (RBMs) semi-structured interviews on operation of the system and attributes of the surveillance system, were conducted. We analyzed the abstracted 2013-2016 National Health Management Information System web-based malaria datasets. The surveillance system was evaluated using the "2001 United States Centers for Disease Control's updated guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems". Data were described using means, standard deviation, frequencies and proportions. Chi-squared for linear trends was used.Results:Overall, 24 RBMs (68.6%) had ≤ 15-year experience on malaria surveillance, 29 (82.9%) had formal training on malaria surveillance; 32 RBMs (91.4%) reported case definitions were easy-to-use, reporting forms were easy-to-fill and data flow channels were clearly defined. Twenty-seven respondents (69.2%) reported data tools could accommodate changes and all RBMs understood malaria case definitions. All respondents (4 stakeholders and 34 RBMs [97.1%]) expressed willingness to continue using the system and 33 (84.6%) reported analyzed data were used for decision-making. Public health facilities constituted the main data source. Overall, 65.0% of funding were from partner agencies. Trend of malaria cases showed significant decline (χ2trend = 7.49; P = 0.0006). Timeliness of reporting was below the target (≥ 80%), except being 82% in 2012.Conclusions:Malaria surveillance system in Kano State was simple, flexible, acceptable, useful and donor-driven but the data were not representative of all health facilities. Timeliness of reporting was suboptimal. We recommended reporting from private health facilities, strengthening human resource capacity for supportive supervision and ensuring adequate government funding to enhance the system's representativeness and improve data quality.

简介：AbstractObjective:To test the feasibility of a real time miniature endoscope system for imaging the nasopharynx.Study design:Preclinical assessment on skull model and cadaver.Methods:A 3.5 mm miniature endoscope was fabricated and the image capture of the nasopharynx was investigated by positioning the miniature camera system at the posterior free edge of the vomer bone. Wireless real time transmission of the images and quality was tested in a skull model. Next, three nasopharyngeal surveillance miniature camera system were developed for possible clinical translation. Two prototypes were anchored on the nasal septum and the last prototype was designed using a patient self-administered surveillance process. These prototypes were tested for feasibility on both the phantom skull and cadaveric model. Risk assessments were also performed to assess risk, safety and validate the reliability of the material utilized for clinical translation.Results:Insertion and anchorage of the miniature surveillance endoscope prototypes at the vomer bone were feasible on all 3 prototypes. The quality of captured images was reasonable and miniaturized camera was responsive to pan at different angles so that the entire nasopharynx may be surveyed. Risk assessments on the material such as pull out test, breaking force analysis, finite element test and tensile strength test were reliable for possible clinical translation.Conclusions:Real time miniature endoscope system for surveillance of nasopharyngeal cancer is feasible. Clinical translation of this technology was possible but requires further refinement in enhancing image quality and wireless transmission of the captured images.

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简介：BACKGROUND:Wedevelopedanimage-guidedrobotsystemtoprovidemechanicalassistanceforskullbasedrilling,whichisperformedtogainaccessforsomeneurosurgicalinterventions,suchastumourresection.Themotivationforintroduc-ingthisrobotwastoimprovesafetybypreventingthesurgeonfromaccidentallydamagingcriticalneurovascularstructuresdur-

简介：Thewindenergygeneration,utilizationanditsgridpenetrationinelectricalgridareincreasingworld-wide.Thewindgeneratedpowerisalwaysfluctuatingduetoitstimevaryingnatureandcausingstabilityproblem.Thisweakinterconnectionofwindgeneratingsourceintheelectricalnetworkaffectsthepowerqualityandreliability.Thelocalizedenergystoragesshallcompensatethefluctuatingpowerandsupporttostrengthenthewindgeneratorinthepowersystem.Inthispaper,itisproposedtocontrolthevoltagesourceinverter(VSI)incurrentcontrolmodewithenergystorage,thatis,batteriesacrossthedcbus.Thegeneratedwindpowercanbeextractedundervaryingwindspeedandstoredinthebatteries.Thisenergystoragemaintainsthestiffvoltageacrossthedcbusofthevoltagesourceinverter.Theproposedschemeenhancesthestabilityandreliabilityofthepowersystemandmaintainsunitypowerfactor.Itcanalsobeoperatedinstand-alonemodeinthepowersystem.Thepowerexchangeacrossthewindgenerationandtheloadunderdynamicsituationisfeasiblewhilemaintainingthepowerqualitynormsatthecommonpointofcoupling.Itstrengthenstheweakgridinthepowersystem.Thiscontrolstrategyisevaluatedonthetestsystemunderdynamicconditionbyusingsimulation.Theresultsareverifiedbycomparingtheperformanceofcontrollers.

简介：１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄｏｆｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｓｓｈｏｒｔｅｒａｎｄｓｈｏｒｔｅｒ．Ｓｏａｍａｎｕｆａｃｔｕｒｉ...

简介：AbstractPurpose:Child injuries are a public health concern globally. Injury surveillance systems (ISSs) have beneficial impact on child injury prevention. There is a need for evidence-based consensus on frameworks to establish child ISSs. This research aims to investigate the key components of a child ISS for Iran and to propose a framework for implementation.Methods:Data were gathered through interview with experts using unstructured questions from January 2017 to December 2018 to identify child ISS functional components. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis method. Then, modified Delphi method was used to validate the functional components. Based on the outcomes of the content analysis, a questionnaire with closed questions was developed and presented to a group of experts. Consensus was achieved in two rounds.Results:In round I, 117 items reached consensus. In round II, 5 items reached consensus and were incorporated into final framework. Consensus was reached for 122 items comprising the final framework and representing 7 key components: goals of the system, data sources, data set, coalition of stakeholders, data collection, data analysis and data distribution. Each component consisted of several subcomponents and respective elements.Conclusion:This agreed framework will assist in standardizing data collection, analysis and distribution, which help to detect child injury problems and provide evidence for preventive measures.

简介：Duringthelastdecade,spatio-temporaldatabaseshavebecomeincreasinglyimportantinmanyapplicationssuchasgeographicinformationsystems(GIS)andengineeringinformationsystems.Thispaperdiscussesthedesignandimplementationofageocomputingplatformforthedevelopmentoflocation-basedservices(LBS)focusingonmobilemapping.Duringtheanalysis,design,andimplementationofthegeocomputingplatform,aneffectivemethodisproposedforthereal-timeprocessingofgeographicinformationacquiredbyacameraattachedtoapersonaldigitalassistant(PDA).Thismethodcombineslocationinformationgivenbytheglobalpositionsystem(GPS)withman’sabilitytorecognizethelocationofobjectsandtheirgeographicalrelationshiptoimproveobjectmapping.

简介：Orthogonalfrequencydivisionmultiplexing(OFDM)waveformenablesradarandcommunicationfunctionssimultaneously,whichencounterslowangleresolutionandpoordataratefortraditionalsingleinputsingleoutput(SISO)systems.Tosolvetheseproblems,anintegratedradarandcommunicationsystem(IRCS)withmultipleinputmultipleoutput(MIMO)OFDMwaveformisproposed.Thedifferentlimitationsofradarandcommunicationindesigningsuchasystemareinvestigated.Then,anoptimizationproblemisdevisedtoobtainsuitablesystemparameters,includingthenumberofsubcarriers,subcarrierspacing,numberofsymbols,pulserepetitionfrequency(PRF)andlengthofcyclicprefix(CP).Finally,tosatisfytherequirementsofbothradarandcommunication,theIRCSparametersarederivedinthreetypicalcases.Severalnumericalresultsarepresentedtoillustratethedemandsofradarandcommunication,inconsistentorconsistent,fortheIRCSparametersandthesuperiorityoftheproposedsystem.

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简介：Ｆｅａｔｕｒｅ＿ｂａｓｅｄＩｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭＳｙｓｔｅｍＦｏｒＣｏｎｃｕｒｅｎｔＥｎｇｉｎｅｒｉｎｇＷａｎｇＨｕｉｃｈｅｎｇＺｈａｎｇＸｉｎｆａｎｇＺｈｏｕＪｉ（ＣＡＤＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＨ．Ｕ．Ｓ．Ｔ）ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＴｈｉｓ...

简介：ThispaperfocusesontheintegrationanddatatransformationbetweenGPSandtotalstation.ItemphasizesonthewaytotransfertheWGS84Cartesiancoordinatestothelocaltwo-dimensionalplanecoordinatesandtheorthometricheightGPSreceiver,totalstation,radio,notebookcomputerandthecorrespondingsoftwareworktogethertoformanewsurveyingsystem,thesuper-totalstationpositioningsystem(SPS)andanewsurveyingmodelforterrestrialsurveying.Withthehelpofthissystem,thepositionsofdetailpointscanbemeasured.