简介：让的G和N是任意的组。在这篇论文，我们构造联系的组延期?由为任何组同形蠂的G的N/Z(N)的蠂：G鈫?OutN，并且证明蠂能被将提到一个组行动，也就是说从G的组同形到AutN，如果并且仅当延期?蠂裂口。而且，我们为所有获得明确的描述如此的上升同形和它的conjugacy班的数字，并且把外部行动的上升技术的应用给组延期的理论。关键词外部行动-组扩展-上升先生(2000)题目分类20E22由中国(资助号码10671058)的国家自然科学基础支持了

简介：Prestinhasbeenidentifiedasamotorproteinresponsibleforouterhaircell(OHC)electromotilityandisexpressedontheOHCsurface.PreviousstudiesrevealedthatOHCelectromotilityanditsassociatednonlinearcapacitanceweremainlylocatedattheOHClateralwallandabsentattheapicalcuticularplateandthebasalnucleusregion.ImmunofluorescentstainingforprestinalsofailedtodemonstrateprestinexpressionattheOHCbasalendsinwhole-mountpreparationoftheorganofCorti.However,therelacksadefinitivedemonstrationofthepatternofprestindistribution.TheOHClateralwallhasatrilaminateorganizationandiscomposedoftheplasmamembrane,corticallattice,andsubsurfacecisternae.Inthisstudy,thelocationofprestinproteinsindissociatedOHCswasexaminedusingimmunofluorescentstainingandconfocalmicroscopy.Wefoundthatprestinwasuniformlyexpressedonthebasolateralsurface,includingthebasalpole.Nostainingwasseenonthecuticularplateandstereocilia.Whenco-stainedwithamembranemarkerdi-8-ANEPPS,prestin-labelingwasfoundtobeintheouterlayeroftheOHClateralwall.Afterseparatingtheplasmamembranefromtheunderlyingsubsurfacecisternaeusingahypotonicextracellularsolution,prestin-labelingwasfoundtobeintheplasmamembrane,notthesubsurfacecisternae.ThedatashowthatprestinisexpressedintheplasmamembraneontheentireOHCbasolateralsurface.

简介：ＩＮＮＥＲＡＮＤＯＵＴＥＲＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＳＯＦＴＲＯＰＩＣＡＬＣＹＣＬＯＮＥⅡ．ＢＡＲＯＣＬＩＮＩＣＭＯＤＥＬ￥ＬｉｕＳｈｉｋｕｏａｎｄＬｉｕＳｈｉｄａ刘式适，刘式达（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ...

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简介：LetH1andH2beseparableHilbertspaces,andB(H1,H2)allofboundedlinearoperatorsfromH1intoH2.Inthisnote,weprovethefollowingtheorem:foranypositiveintegerNandT∈B(H1,H2)withaclosedrange,thereexistsanouterinverseT#NwithfiniterankNsuchthatT+y=liraT#Nyforanyy∈H2,whereT+N→∞denotestheMoore-PenroseinverseofT.ThuscomputingT+isreducedtocomputingouterinversesT#NwithfiniterankN.Moreover,becauseofthestabilityofboundedouterinverseofaT∈B(H1,H2),thisisveryuseful.

简介：Cochlearouterhaircells(OHCs)areinvolvedinamechanicalfeedbackloopinwhichthefastsomaticmotilityofOHCsisrequiredforcochlearamplification.Alternatively,amplificationisthoughttoarisefromactivehairbundlemovementsobservedinnon-mammalianhaircells.Wemeasuredthevoltage-evokedhairbundlemotionsinthegerbilcochleatodetermineifsuchmovementsarealsopresentinmammalianOHCs.TheOHCsdisplayedalargehairbundlemovementthatwasnotbasedonmechanotransducerchannelsbutbasedonsomaticmotility.Significantly,bundlemovementswereabletogenerateradialmotionofthetectorialmembraneinsitu.Thisresultimpliesthatthemotility-associatedhairbundlemotionmaybepartofthecochlearamplifier.

简介：ForwardMaskingTemporalaudiotoryresolutionistheabilityoftheauditorysystemtoresolveauditorysignalsinthetimedomain.Forwardmaskingisameansofstudyingtemporalresolutionwhereonetone,theprobe,ismaskedbyaprecedingtone,themasker.Forwardmaskingis

简介：Objective:Toconstructarecombinantplasmidcontainingtheoutermembraneprotein2(Omp2)geneofChlamydiatrachomatisandexpressOmp2inE.coli.Methods:Theomp2geneofC.trachomatisserovarDwasclonedintopQE30vectorfollowingPCRamplificationfromgenomicDNA.E.coliM15transformantswereinducedtoexpressthefusionproteinbyIPTGandtheproductwasidentifiedbySDS-PAGEandWesternblot.Results:ConfirmedbyenzymecleavageanalysisandDNAsequencing,acorrectrecombinantplasmidpQE30/omp2wasconstructed.Thefusionproteinfromthetransformantswasapproximately60kDainsizeinSDS-PAGEanalysis,whichcouldspeciallyreactwithanti-6×HismousemonoclonalIgGantibodies.Conclusion:WesuccessfullyexpressedOmp2inE.coilM15,providinganefficientandsimplesystemforassayingtheimmunologicalpropertiesofOmp2.

简介：ObjectiveToreportuseoftheVibrantSoundbridge(VSB)inpatientswithcongenitaldeformationofthemiddleandouterearsandinvestigateitsutilityinthispatientpopulation.MethodFourpatientswithcongenitaldeformationofmiddleandouterearsunderwentVSBimplantation.Allweremale(aged3-18years,average13.5years)andoperatedontheleftside.Malformationwasbilateralin3patientsandunilateralin1patient.Surgicaltechniquesweremodifiedtoaccommodateeachpatient’suniqueconditionsandneeds.Theimplantsitewasapproachedviathefacialrecessin3patientsandthrougharetro-facialnerveroutein1patient.TheVSBimplantwasconnectedtoeitherthestapes(2cases)ortheroundwindow(2cases).PuretoneandspeechaudiometryresultsanddailycommunicationcapabilitiesbeforeandafterVSBactivationwerecompared.ResultsTheoperationsweresuccessfulinallpatients,withnocomplications.ThepatientcommunicationlevelimprovedsignificantlyafterVSBactivation.Averageairconductionpuretonethresholdorconditionedreflexaudiometrythresholdimprovedby35dBinthe0.25-4kHzrange,from69dBHLbeforeVSBactivationto34dBHLafter.Thesentencerecognitionrateinquietat65dBSPLwentupto86%from0%withoutVSBforpatientswithbilateraldeformationandremainedat100%forthepatientwithunilateraldeformity.However,forthelatterpatient,therateimprovedto20%from0%withoutVSBinnoise(-8dBSNR).ConclusionVSBisanexcellentsolutionforimprovinghearinginpatientswithcongenitaldeformationofmiddleandouterears.Operationcanbecompletedandgoodresultscanbeachievedeveninpatientswithuniqueconditionsandneeds.

简介：Theelectricallyevokedsomaticmotilityofouterhaircells(OHC),brieflytermedOHCelectromotility,playsacrucialroleincochlearamplificationthatunderliestheremarkablyhighsensitivityandfrequencyselectivityofthemammalianhearing.AccompanyingOHCelectromotilityisavoltage-dependentgatingchargemovementwithinthecelllateralmembrane,manifestedasameasurablenonlinearcapacitance(NLC)inOHCs.TheelectromotilityandNLCofOHCsarehighlycorrelatedbysharingacommonmolecularsubstrate,themotorproteinprestin.Inthisstudy,wesystematicallycharacterizedthequantitativerelationshipbetweenOHCelectromotilityandNLCintheirvoltagedependencesforthepurposeoffurtherunderstandingtheelectromechanicaltransductioninOHCs.TheresultsdemonstratedthatthetwopossessdifferingvoltagedependenceswiththeV1/2ofelectromotilityconsistentlybeing～20mVdepolarizedincomparisonwiththatofNLCalthoughtheirslopefactorsαarestatisticallyidentical.FurtherinvestigationsshowedthattheinitialstateofOHCsinfluencesthevoltagedependenceofelectromotilitybutnotthatofNLC,indicatingthatsomebiophysicalfactorsotherthanthemotorproteinperseareinvolvedintheprocessofOHClengthchanges.Weproposedthatthecytoskeletalspectrin-actinframeworkunderneaththeOHCplasmamembraneandthecell'sturgorarethetwomostprobablefactorsthatcausethevoltage-dependencediscrepancybetweenOHCelectromotilityandNLC.

简介：Tocloneandconstructtherecombinantplasmidcontainingthemajoroutermembraneprotein(MOMP)geneofChlamydiatrachomatis(C.trachomatis)andtoexpressthefusionproteininE.coliBL21,theMOMPgenewasamphfiedbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR)fromgenomeofC.trachomatisserovarD.ThefragmentwasclonedintotheprokaryoticexpressionvectorpET-22b(+)afterdigestionwithBamHⅠandNotⅠandtransformedintoE.coliXL1-Blue.RecombinantswereselectedbyenzymedigestionandsequencingandtherecombinantplasmidwithMOMPgenewasthentransformedintoE.coliBL21withIPTGtoexpressthetargetgene.TheexpressionrecombinantproteinswerepurifiedbyNi-NTAaffinitychromatography,andidentifiedbySDS-PAGEandWesternblot.Itwasfoundthata1.2kbMOMPgenewasisolated.TheDNAsequenceofMOMPwasfoundtobejustthesameasthesequencepublishedbyGenBank.ArecombinantplasmidcontainingMOMPgenewasconstructedtoexpressthefusionproteinsinE.coli.SDS-PAGEanalysisshowedthattherelativemolecularweightoftherecombinantproteinwasabout47kDathatwasconsistentwiththetheoreticalpredictedvalue,andthespecificityoftheexpressedproteinwasconformedbyWesternblot.ItconcludedthattheMOMPgenecouldbeexpressedintheprokaryoticsystem,bywhichitprovidedthefoundationforthefuturestudiesonthebiologicalactivitiesofC.trachomatisandforthedevelopmentofvaccineagainstthispathogen.

简介：Ashybridcochlearimplantdevicesareincreasinglyusedforrestoringhearinginpatientswithresidualhearing,itisimportanttounderstandelectricallyevokedresponsesincochleaehavingfunctionalhaircells.Totestthehypothesisthatextracochlearelectricalstimulation(EES)fromsinusoidalcurrentcanprovokeanauditorynerveresponsewithnormalfrequencyselectivity,theEES-evokedcompoundactionpotential(ECAP)wasinvestigatedinthisstudy.Briefsinusoidalelectricalcurrents,deliveredviaaroundwindowelectrode,wereusedtoevokeECAP.TheECAPwaveformwasobservedtobethesameastheacousticallyevokedCAP(ACAP),exceptforashorterlatency.Theinput/outputandintensity/latencyfunctionsofACAPsandECAPswerealsosimilar.ThemaximumacousticmaskingforbothACAPandECAPoccurrednearprobefrequencies.SincethemaskedtuningcurveofaCAPreflectsthefrequencyselectivityofneuralexcitation,thesedatademonstrateahighlyspecificactivationoftheauditorynerve,whichwouldresultinhighdegreeoffrequencyselectivity.Thisfrequencyselectivitylikelyresultsfromthecochleartravelingwavecausedbyelectricallystimulatedouterhaircells.

简介：ObjectiveThisstudyistoexploretherelationshipbetweenacetylcholine(ACh)-inducedcalciumreleasefromintracellularCa2+storesandfunctionofouterhaircell(OHC)motors,inanattempttoelucidatethemechanismofOHCelectromotilityatrestingstate.MethodsOHCswereisolatedfromadultguineapig(200-300g)cochleaandloadedwithFluo-3/AM.ThecellsweretreatedwithACh/dHBSS,ACh/HBSS,dHBSSonlyorHBSSonly.Intracellular[Ca2+]ivariationsincellsunderthefourtreatmentswereobservedusinganAr-Krlaserscanconfocalmicroscope.Results[Ca2+]ioscillationswererecordedinfiveOHCstreatedwithACh/dHBSSbutnotinothercells.ThisisthefirsttimethatAch-excited[Ca2+]ioscillationsarereportedinguineapigOHCsindependentofextracellularcalcium.ConclusionsACh-excited[Ca2+]ioscillationsinOHCsoriginatesfromintracellularcalciumreleaseandmayplayacrucialroleinmaintainingactivemechanicalmotilityoftheOHCatrestingandmodulatingOHCelectromotility.

简介：WhensupertyphoonSepatcameclosetotheFujiancoastlineonthenightof18August2007(codedas0709inChineseconvention),anassociatedtornado-likeseverestormdevelopedat2307–2320BeijingStandardTimeinLonggang,CangnanCounty,WenzhouPrefecture,ZhejiangProvinceapproximately300kmawayintheforwarddirectionofthetyphoon.Thestormcausedheavylossesinlivesandproperty.Studyingthebackgroundoftheformationofthestorm,thispaperidentifiessomeofitstypicalcharacteristicsafteranalyzingitsretrievalofDopplerradardata,verticalwindshearandsoon.Synopticconditions,suchasunstableweatherprocessesandTBB,arealsostudied.

简介：图G的A2-dominating集合是G的顶点的集合D以便V(G)的每个顶点|D在D有至少二位邻居。图G的一个全部的外部独立人士的统治集合是G的顶点的集合D以便G的每个顶点在D，和集合V(G)有一位邻居|D是独立的。2支配(全部的外部独立人士的支配，分别地)图G的数字是2-dominating的最小的集的势(全部的外部独立人士的统治，分别地)G的集合。我们调查在2支配和树的全部的外部独立人士的支配数字之间的比率。

简介：一张图的一个顶点被说统治它的邻居的本身和所有。图G的一个双统治集合是G的顶点的集合D，以便G的每个顶点被D的至少二个顶点统治。图G的双支配数字是G的一个双统治集合的最小的集的势。为图G=(V，E)，如果V(G)\D的每个顶点在D有至少二位邻居，子集DV(G)是一个2-dominating集合，当如果，统治G的集合是2-outer-independent的时另外集合V(G)\D是独立的。G的2-outer-independent支配数字是统治G的集合的2-outer-independent的最小的集的势。这份报纸加一个与双支配数字平等者描绘所有树到2-outer-independent支配数字。

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简介：ThecausestotheoutersurfacefoldingdefectsinN80-Qoilcountrytubulargoods(OCTG)wereinvestigatedthroughtheobservationofthedefects’morphology,microstructureandtheanalysisofthechemicalcompositions.Itisbelievedthatthedefectwasresultedfromtheintrinsicflawsthatoriginallyexistedonthebillet;theywereextendedandoxidizedduringthefollowingreheatingandrollingprocesses.Withmorestrictqualitycontrolandinspectionofthebillet,thedefectcanbepreventedeffectivelyfromoccurring.

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