简介:AbstractObjective:The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a set of psychometrically equivalent disyllabic wordlist (SC-10) in Singapore Mandarin for clinical use.Study design:A preliminary set of 1000 words were obtained from a dictionary of frequently used words by Singapore students. Ten native judges rate the familiarity level of each word. This is followed by a face-to-face public survey to rank the shortlisted word set from most to least familiar. The final 108 disyllabic words were recorded by a native female talker. 20 normal hearing subjects were used to obtain the percentage of correct word recognition at 24 intensity levels (-10 dB HL to 26 dB HL in 2 dB increment). Psychometric function slopes were calculated for each word. 100 words were eventually chosen and assigned into ten 10-word lists based on a psychometric balancing protocol. Minor digital adjustments were made to the intensity of each wordlist to improve their auditory homogeneity.The developed SC-10 wordlists were validated by a separate group of 25 normal hearing subjects. Test-retest reliability was carried out on 20 out of 25 participants at the selected intensity levels (SRT-5, SRT, SRT+5).Results:The calculated regression slopes in the psychometric functions for the ten lists are between 8.0 and 9.8%/dB. Single factor ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference in both the mean intensity required to obtain 50% recognition score (f = 0.109, df = 9, p = 0.999) and the slopes of the psychometric functions (f = 0.078, df = 9, p = 0.999) between the ten word lists. List validation on 25 normal hearing participants (PTA = 11.0 dB HL, SD = 4.3) showed a mean speech recognition threshold (SRT) of 9.3 dB HL (SD = 3.5)and regression slope of 8.395%/dB. Quadratic regression analysis showed a positive correlation (r2 = 0.923) between presentation level and word recognition score (WRS). The difference between PTA and SRT of each subject all fall within the clinically acceptable difference of 10 dB HL. Test-retest reliability, carried out on 20 subjects at three levels (SRT-5, SRT, and SRT+5 dB), showed no significance difference between word recognition score when the same participant is tested again at the same intensity level using a different wordlist.Conclusion:All in all, it shows that the SC-10 speech materials are valid for clinical use for Mandarin speech audiometry in Singapore.
简介:【摘要】本文应用单因子评价法和指数法对异龙湖进行水质评价和营养化状态评价,在比较分析水质类别和营养化程度变化的基础上应用季节性肯达尔Kendall法进一步分析主要水质项目CODMn、NH3-N、TP和TN各年度均值随时间的浓度变化趋势。结果表明:2003-2018年异龙湖水质类别在Ⅳ~劣Ⅴ类之间,CODMn和TN均超Ⅲ类水标准,受CODMn和TN的影响最严重,2013年水质污染物浓度达到最高;营养化状态均为轻度富营养-中度富营养,最高值出现在2013年;2003—2018年异龙湖坝心和湖心的CODMn和TP均呈高度显著上升趋势;湖心的NH3-N呈显著上升趋势;湖心TN呈无明显升降趋势,坝心NH3-N和TN呈无明显升降趋势。并对其水质状况及趋势变化情况的成因进行了初步的分析。
简介:摘要:班级作为高校思想政治教育的基本平台,是构建良好学风,班风,校风的良好阵地,做好班级建设十分重要。高校思想政治辅导员作为班级建设的引领者和组织者,需要把握基本规律,主要从学风,班风,校风等方面加强班级建设。本文以食科2003班为例讲了辅导员在班级建设中的引领和指导。