简介：<正>Thethirdplenarysessionofthe18thCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaheldinNovember2013studiedanumberofmajorissuesforcomprehensivelydeepeningreformsandmadesixtysignificantdecisionsinpoliticalreform,economicdevelopment,socialgovernance,culturaldevelopment,ecologicalcivilization,foreignaffairsandmilitarysystem,amongwhich

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简介：Alaboratory-basedaerobicincubationwasconductedtoinvestigatenitrogen(N)isotopicfractionationrelatedtonitrificationinfiveagriculturalsoilsafterapplicationofammoniumsulfate((NH4)2SO4).Thesoilsampleswerecollectedfromasubtropicalbarrenlandsoilderivedfromgranite(RGB),threesubtropicaluplandsoilsderivedfromgranite(RQU),Quaternaryredearth(RGU),QuaternaryXiashuloess(YQU)andatemperateuplandsoilgeneratedfromalluvialdeposit(FAU).Thefivesoilsvariedinnitrificationpotential,beingintheorderofFAU>YQU>RGU>RQU>RGB.SignificantNisotopicfractionationaccompaniednitrificationofNH+4.δ15NvaluesofNH+4increasedwithenhancednitrificationovertimeinthefouruplandsoilswithNH+4addition,whilethoseofNO-3decreasedconsistentlytotheminimumandthereafterincreased.δ15NvaluesofNH+4showedasignificantlynegativelinearrelationshipwithNH+4-Nconcentration,butapositivelinearrelationshipwithNO-3-Nconcentration.TheapparentisotopicfractionationfactorcalculatedbasedonthelossofNH+4was1.036forRQU,1.022forRGU,1.016forYQU,and1.020forFAU,respectively.Zero-andfirst-orderreactionkineticsseemedtohavetheirlimitationsindescribingthenitrificationprocessaffectedbyNH+4inputinthestudiedsoils.Incontrast,Nkineticisotopefractionationwascloselyrelatedtothenitrifyingactivity,andmightserveasanalternativetoolforestimatingthenitrificationcapacityofagriculturalsoils.

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简介：我们考虑订各采购某些操作到一个普通第三方的公司的多重制造商面对的问题的动态能力。在观察第三方的时间表的当前的状态之上，每个制造商与目的订能力联合最小化源于早交货的成立费用，缓慢惩罚由于订费用的迟了的交货，和第三方的能力。当做预定时，每个制造商评估二个其他的行动：还没保留能力的(i)由另外的制造利用了更早订了；或(ii)与另外的制造商的一个子集或所有形成一个联盟完成最小化联盟的一张时间表花费，即，为那个联盟的一张集中的时间表。后者实践肯定总体上有益于联盟；然而，如果他们的操作是太多推回来的任何一个，一些制造商可以招致更高的费用，或太早交付。为这个原因，做每个制造商的一个费用分配计划比不更坏他们将是当不同地行动时(即，参予一个更小的联盟或对他们的自己的利益起作用，)必须伴随为联盟的集中的安排。我们与可转让的用途作为一个合作游戏在制造商之中为这种关系建模，并且介绍最佳或启发式的算法个别地并且coalitionally达到最佳的时间表以及线性程序明确的表达发现一个核心制造商费用的分配。

简介：Noncoherentunderwateracousticcommunicationchannelinadverseconditionsismodeledasaphase-randomRayleighfadingchannel,anditscapacitycurveisderived.Toapproachthechannelcapacitycurve,theconcatenatedcodeofthenonbinaryLDPCcodeandtheconstantweightcodeisproposedfornoncoherentcommunicationwhichcanlatebeiterativelydecodedintheprobabilitydomain.Withoutinformationofchannelamplitudeorphaseinthereceiver,statisticparametersoftherespectivesignalandnoisebinswereestimatedbasedonthemomentestimationmethod,theposteriorprobabilitiesoftheconstantweightcodewordswerefurthercalculated,andthenonbinaryLDPCcodewasdecodedwiththenonbinaryfactorgraphalgorithm.Itisverifiedbysimulationsthatbyutilizingtheproposedconcatenatedcodeanditsprocessingalgorithm,gaptochannelcapacitycurveisreducedby3dBwhencomparedtotheexistingmethod.Underwatercommunicationexperimentswerecarriedoutinbothdeepocean(verticalcommunication,5km)andshallowlake(horizontalcommunication,near3km,delayspreadlargerthan50ms),inwhichthesignalfrequencybandwas6kHzto10kHz,andthedatatransmissionrateWas357bps.Theproposedschemecanworkproperlyinbothexperimentswithasignal-to-noiseratiothresholdof2dB.TheperformanceoftheproposedalgorithmWaswellverifiedbytheexperiments.

简介：Thispaperinvestigatesanoptimaldecisionprobleminasingle-period,two-stagesupplychainwithcapacityreservationcontract.Atthebeginningoftheplanninghorizon,theretailer,whofacesstochasticdemand,reservesfuturecapacityaccordingtohisforecastingofthedemand.Thesupplierthenconstructscapacity.Atthebeginningofthesellingseason,theretailerupdatesthedemandforecastingandplacesanorder.Whentheretailer'sdemandisgreaterthanthesupplier'scapacity,thesuppliercanmeettheretailer'sdemandbyoutsourcing.Weanalyzetheoptimaldecisionofeachplayerinbothcentralizedanddecentralizedsystems.Furthermore,underthecaseinwhichdemandfollowsauniformdistribution,weobtaintheclosed-formoptimalstrategiesofeachplayerforbothcentralizedanddecentralizedsystemsandconductnumericalstudiestorevealadditionalconclusions.Thenumericalstudiesshowthattheoptimalreservationcapacityfortheretailerandtheoptimalconstructingcapacityforthesupplierinthedecentralizedsystemarebothlessthantheoptimalconstructingcapacityinthecentralizedsystem.Furthermore,wealsofindthattheprofitlossduetodecentralizationalwaysexistsandincreasesinindeterminacy.

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简介：Heterogeneouscellularnetworksimprovethespectrumefficiencyandcoverageofwirelesscommunicationnetworksbydeployinglowpowerbasestation(BS)overlappingtheconventionalmacrocell.ButduetothedisparitybetweenthetransmitpowersofthemacroBSandthelowpowerBS,cellassociationstrategydevelopedfortheconventionalhomogeneousnetworksmayleadtoahighlyunbalancedtrafficloadingwithmostofthetrafficconcentratedonthemacroBS.Inthispaper,weproposeaload-balancecellassociationschemeforheterogeneouscellularnetworkaimingtomaximizethenetworkcapacity.Byrelaxingtheassociationconstraints,wecangettheupperboundofoptimalsolutionandconverttheprimalproblemintoaconvexoptimizationproblem.FurthermoreweproposeaLagrangemultipliersbaseddistributedalgorithmbyusingLagrangedualtheorytosolvetheconvexoptimization,whichconvergestoanoptimalsolutionwithatheoreticalperformanceguarantee.Withtheproposedalgorithm,mobileterminals(MTs)needtojointlyconsidertheirtraffictype,receivedsignal-to-interference-noise-ratios(SINRs)fromBSs,andtheloadofBSswhentheychooseserverBS.SimulationresultsshowthattheloadbalancebetweenmacroandpicoBSisachievedandnetworkcapacityisimprovedsignificantlybyourproposedcellassociationalgorithm.

简介：Activatedcarbon(AC)wasfabricatedfromcorncob,whichischeapandabundant.Experimentalparameterssuchasparticlesizeofcorncob,KOH/charweightratio,andactivationtemperatureandtimewereoptimizedtogenerateAC,whichshowshighmethanesorptioncapacity.AChashighspecificsurfacearea(3227m2/g),withporevolumeandporesizedistributionequalto1.829cm3/gandca.1.7-2.2nm,respectively.Undertheconditionof2℃andlessthan7.8MPa,methanesorptioninthepresenceofwater(Rw=1.4)wasashighas43.7wt%methaneperunitmassofdryAC.Theresultissignificantlyhigherthanthoseofcoconut-derivedAC(32wt%)andorderedmesoporouscarbon(41.2wt%,Rw=4.07)underthesamecondition.ThephysicalpropertiesandamorphouschaoticstructureofACwerecharacterizedbyN2adsorptionisotherms,XRD,SEMandHRTEM.Hence,thecorncob-derivedACcanbeconsideredasacompetitivemethane-storagematerialforvehicles,whicharerunbynaturalgas.

简介：Theconflictbetweencitydevelopmentandurbancarryingcapacityisgettingeverprominent.InordertostudyandpredicttherestrictionfactorsandprominentproblemsinthedevelopmentoftheShandongPeninsulaBlueEconomicZoneaswellaspromotethetransferofeconomicdevelopmentpatterninthisregion,thisstudystartsfromfoursinglefactorcarryingcapacityindicatorsofwater,earth,transportationandenvironmentinthecityanditscomprehensivecarryingcapacityindicator,evaluatesandanalyzesitscarryingcapacityandthenpapoosespolicysuggestionsforimprovingitscarryingcapacity.

简介：Metal-organicframeworks(MOFs)haveattractedmuchattentionasadsorbentsfortheseparationofCO2fromfluegasornaturalgas.Here,atypicalmetal-organicframeworkHKUST-1(alsonamedCu-BTCorMOF-199)waschemicallyreducedbydopingitwithalkalimetals(Li,NaandK)andtheywerefurtherusedtoinvestigatetheirCO2adsorptioncapacities.Thestructuralinformation,surfacechemistryandthermalbehaviorofthepreparedadsorbentsampleswerecharacterizedbyX-raypowderdiffraction(XRD),thermo-gravimetricanalysis(TGA)andnitrogenadsorption-desorptionisothermanalysis.TheresultsshowedthattheCO2storagecapacityofHKUST-1dopedwithmoderatequantitiesofLi+,Na+andK+,individually,wasgreaterthanthatofunmodifiedHKUST-1.ThehighestCO2adsorptionuptakeof8.64mmol/gwasobtainedwith1K-HKUST-1,anditwasca.11%increaseinadsorptioncapacityat298Kand18barascomparedwithHKUST-1.Moreover,adsorptiontestsshowedthatHKUST-1and1K-HKUST-1displayedmuchhigheradsorptioncapacitiesofCO2thanthoseofN2.Finally,theadsorption/desorptioncycleexperimentrevealedthattheadsorptionperformanceof1K-HKUST-1wasfairlystable,withoutobviousdeteriorationintheadsorptioncapacityofCO2after10cycles.

简介：Praseodymium(Pr)wasimpregnatedtoCeO2-ZrO2solidsolutionbyanimpregnationmethod.Theas-obtainedPrmodifiedCeO2-ZrO2wasimpregnatedwith1wt.%Pdtopreparethecatalysts.ThestructureandreducibilityofthefreshandhydrothermallyagedcatalystswerecharacterizedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),Raman,X-rayphotoelectronspectroscopy(XPS),COchemisorptionandH2temperature-programmedreduction(H2-TPR).Theoxygenstoragecapacity(OSC)wasevaluatedwithCOservingasprobegas.EffectsofimpregnatedPronthestructureandoxygenstoragecapacityofcatalystswereinvestigated.TheresultsshowedthattheagedPr-impregnatedsampleshadmuchhigherOSCandbetterreducibilitythantheunmodifiedones.TheschemeofstructuralevolutionsofthecatalystswithandwithoutPrwasalsoestablished.PartialoftheimpregnatedPrdiffusedintothebulkofCeO2-ZrO2duringageing,whichinhibitedthesintering,andincreasedtheamountofoxygenvacanciesinCeO2-ZrO2support.Furthermore,thoseimpregnatedPrspecieswhichcoveredonthesurfaceofthesupportobstructedthestrongmetal-supportinteractionbetweenPdandCesoastoreducetheencapsulationofPdaswellasthebackspill-overoftheoxygenduringthecatalyticprocess.