简介：AbstractBackground:Emerging evidence indicates that the sineoculis homeobox homolog 1-eyes absent homolog 1 (SIX1-EYA1) transcriptional complex significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple cancers by mediating the expression of genes involved in different biological processes, such as cell-cycle progression and metastasis. However, the roles of the SIX1-EYA1 transcriptional complex and its targets in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still being investigated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of SIX1-EYA1 in the pathogenesis of CRC, to screen inhibitors disrupting the SIX1-EYA1 interaction and to evaluate the efficiency of small molecules in the inhibition of CRC cell growth.Methods:Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to examine gene and protein levels in CRC cells and clinical tissues (collected from CRC patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, between 2016 and 2018, n = 24). In vivo immunoprecipitation and in vitro pulldown assays were carried out to determine SIX1-EYA1 interaction. Cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell invasion were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, clonogenic assay, and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. The Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay Screen (AlphaScreen) method was used to obtain small molecules that specifically disrupted SIX1-EYA1 interaction. CRC cells harboring different levels of SIX1/EYA1 were injected into nude mice to establish tumor xenografts, and small molecules were also injected into mice to evaluate their efficiency to inhibit tumor growth.Results:Both SIX1 and EYA1 were overexpressed in CRC cancerous tissues (for SIX1, 7.47 ± 3.54 vs.1.88 ± 0.35, t = 4.92, P = 0.008; for EYA1, 7.61 ± 2.03 vs. 2.22 ± 0.45, t = 6.73, P = 0.005). The SIX1/EYA1 complex could mediate the expression of two important genes including cyclin A1 (CCNA1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) by binding to the myocyte enhancer factor 3 consensus. Knockdown of both SIX1 and EYA1 could decrease cell proliferation, cell invasion, tumor growth, and in vivo tumor growth (all P < 0.01). Two small molecules, NSC0191 and NSC0933, were obtained using AlphaScreen and they could significantly inhibit the SIX1-EYA1 interaction with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.60 ± 1.15 μmol/L and 83.43 ± 7.24 μmol/L, respectively. Administration of these two compounds could significantly repress the expression of CCNA1 and TGFB1 and inhibit the growth of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions:Overexpression of the SIX1/EYA1 complex transactivated the expression of CCNA1 and TGFB1, causing the pathogenesis of CRC. Pharmacological inhibition of the SIX1-EYA1 interaction with NSC0191 and NSC0933 significantly inhibited CRC cell growth by affecting cell-cycle progression and metastasis.

简介：老鼠卵母细胞在meiotic成熟，和这极化期间经历极化为最大化母亲的部件的保留的不对称的房间部门的必需品为早开发被要求。没有常规中心体，meiotic锭子少些集中了杆并且是塑造桶的。到外皮的meiotic锭子的迁居被外皮的一个本地重组和极化伴随。LGN是涉及房间极性和锭子组织的规定的保存蛋白质。在现在的学习，我们在老鼠卵母细胞成熟期间描绘了LGN的本地化动力学并且在meiotic锭子组织上分析了LGNupregulation和downregulation的效果。在幼芽的泡阶段，LGN细胞质地并且在外皮被散布。在成熟期间，LGN本地化到meiotic锭子仪器，外皮的LGN变得更少在肌动朊帽子区域专注。过多的LGN由伸长导致meiotic锭子组织缺点集中的锭子和提高的杆，而由RNA干扰的LGN的弄空导致meiotic锭子变丑和染色体错误排列。而且，LGN的N终点有全身的LGN的能力调整锭子组织，而LGN的C终点控制外皮的本地化和极化。我们的结果表明LGN外皮地在老鼠卵母细胞被极化并且为meiotic锭子组织是批评的。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatetheproteinexpressionofphosphataseandtensinhomolog(PTEN)inhumanliverbiopsiesofpatientswithalcoholicandnon-alcoholicliverdisease.METHODS:PTENproteinexpressionwasassessedbyimmunohistochemistryinformalin-fixed,paraffinembeddedliversectionsofpatientswithnon-alcoholicfattyliverdisease(NAFLD)(n=44)oralcoholicliverdisease(ALD)(n=25).Liverresectionsobtainedfrom3healthysubjectscandidateforpartialliverdonationservedascontrols.Histologicalevaluationswereperformedbytwoexperiencedpathologists,anddiagnosesestablishedbasedoninternationalcriteria.TheintensityofthePTENstaininginnucleiwascomparedbetweensteatoticandnon-steatoticareasofeachliverfragmentanalyzed.Foreachliverspecimen,theantibody-stainedsectionswereexaminedandscoredblindlybythreeindependentobservers,whowereunawareofthepatients’clinicalhistory.RESULTS:Inhealthyindividuals,PTENimmunostainingwasintenseinboththecytoplasmandnucleiofallhepatocytes.However,PTENwasstronglydownregulatedinboththenucleusandthecytoplasmofhepatocytesfromsteatoticareasinpatientswithNAFLD,independentlyofthediseasestage.Incontrast,nochangesinPTENproteinexpressionwereobservedinpatientswithALD,regardlessofthepresenceofsteatosisorthestageofthedisease.ThedegreeofPTENdownregulationinhepatocytesofpatientswithNAFLDcorrelatedwiththepercentageofsteatosis(r=0.3061,P=0.0459)andtheBMI(r=0.4268,P=0.0043).Hovewer,inpatientswithALD,PTENexpressionwasnotcorrelatedwiththepercentageofsteatosiswithorwithoutobesityasaconfoundingfactor(P=0.5574).Finally,PTENexpressionlevelinsteatoticareasofALDpatientswassignificantlydifferentfromthatseeninsteatoticareasofNAFLDpatients(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:PTENproteinexpressionisdownregulatedearlyinNAFLD,butnotinALD.PTENimmunohistochemicaldetectioncouldhelpinthedifferentialdiagnosisofN

简介：AbstractBackground:Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. It has been demonstrated that microRNA-145 (miR-145) is correlated with the progression of various cancers by regulating the expression of multiple target genes, especially a number of genes that regulate angiogenesis and proliferation. However, the underlying mechanisms of miR-145 in tumor angiogenesis of UM are still not well illustrated. Thus, we aimed to explore the potential target genes or pathways regulated by miR-145 in UM and the effect of miR-145 on invasion and angiogenesis.Methods:Totally, 24 choroid samples were collected in our study, including 12 UM samples and 12 normal uveal tissues. The expression of neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (N-RAS), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in UM tissues and normal uveal tissues was analyzed using Western blotting analysis. Lentivirus expression system was used to construct MUM-2B and OCM-1 cell lines with stable overexpression of miR-145. Transwell and endothelial cell tube formation assay were used to measure the effects of miR-145 on the invasion and angiogenesis of UM in vitro. The downstream target genes of miR-145 were predicted by bioinformatics and confirmed using a luciferase assay. BALB/c nude mice models were established to investigate the mechanisms of miR-145 on tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Group data comparisons were performed using analysis of Student’s t test. A two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:The results of Western blotting analysis indicated that the expressions of N-RAS (1.10 ± 0.35 vs. 0.41 ± 0.36, t = 3.997, P = 0.012), p-AKT (1.16 ± 0.22 vs. 0.57 ± 0.03, t = 7.05, P = 0.001), and VEGF (0.97 ± 0.32 vs. 0.45 ± 0.21, t = 3.314, P = 0.008) in UM tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in normal uveal tissue. Luciferase assay demonstrated N-RAS and VEGF as downstream targets of miR-145. Moreover, tube formation assay revealed that miR-145-transfected human microvascular endothelial cell line formed shorter tube length (36.10 ± 1.51 mm vs. 42.91 ± 0.94 mm, t = 6.603, P = 0.003) and less branch points (350.00 ± 19.97 vs. 406.67 ± 17.62, t = 3.685, P = 0.021) as compared with controls. In addition, the numbers of invaded MUM-2B and OCM-1 cells with miR-145 overexpression were significantly lower than the controls (35.7 ± 3.3 vs. 279.1 ± 4.9, t = 273.75, P < 0.001 and 69.5 ± 4.4 vs. 95.6 ± 4.7, t = 21.27, P < 0.001, respectively). In vivo, xenografts expressing miR-145 had smaller sizes (miR-145 vs. miR-scr, 717.41 ± 502.62 mm3vs. 1694.80 ± 904.33 mm3, t = 2.314, P = 0.045) and lower weights (miR-145 vs. miR-scr, 0.74 ± 0.46 g vs. 1.65 ± 0.85 g, t = 2.295, P = 0.045).Conclusion:Our results indicated that miR-145 is an important tumor suppressor and the inhibitory strategies against N-RAS/VEGF signaling pathway might be potential therapeutic applications for UM in the future.

简介：AbstractBackground:Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as erlotinib and gefitinib, are widely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance is unavoidable, impairing the anti-tumor effects of EGFR-TKIs. It is reported that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors could enhance the anti-tumor effects of other antineoplastic agents and radiotherapy. However, whether the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) can overcome erlotinib-acquired resistance is not fully clear.Methods:An erlotinib-resistant PC-9/ER cell line was established through cell maintenance in a series of erlotinib-containing cultures. NSCLC cells were co-cultured with SAHA, erlotinib, or their combination, and then the viability of cells was measured by the 3-(4,5-Dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and western blotting. Finally, the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was assessed by western blotting.Results:The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of parental PC-9 cells was significantly lower than the established erlotinib-acquired resistant PC-9/ER cell line. PC-9/ER cells demonstrated reduced expression of PTEN compared with PC-9 and H1975 cells, and the combination of SAHA and erlotinib significantly inhibited cell growth and increased apoptosis in both PC-9/ER and H1975 cells. Furthermore, treating PC-9/ER cells with SAHA or SAHA combined with erlotinib significantly upregulated the expression of PTEN mRNA and protein compared with erlotinib treatment alone.Conclusions:PTEN deletion is closely related to acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, and treatment with the combination of SAHA and erlotinib showed a greater inhibitory effect on NSCLC cells than single-drug therapy. SAHA enhances the suppressive effects of erlotinib in lung cancer cells, increasing cellular apoptosis and PTEN expression. SAHA can be a potential adjuvant to erlotinib treatment, and thus, can improve the efficacy of NSCLC therapy.

简介：AbstractBackground:Microribose nucleic acids (miRNAs) are implicated in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. MicroRNA-345-5p (miR-345-5p) is a recently identified anti-oncogene in some human cancers, but its functional role and possible molecular mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the biological function and underlying mechanism of miR-345-5p in lung adenocarcinoma cells.Methods:In this study, lung adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between April 2016 and February 2017. The expression of miR-345-5p and ras homolog family member A (RhoA) in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549, H1650, PC-9, and H441) was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Functional assays including colony formation, flow cytometry analysis, wound healing, and transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. In addition, RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to evaluate the relationship between miR-345-5p and RhoA. Difference between the two groups was analyzed with Student’s t test, while that among multiple groups was analyzed with one-way analysis of variance.Results:MiR-345-5p expression displayed lower level in lung adenocarcinoma tissues (0.241 ± 0.095 vs.1.000 ± 0.233, t = 19.247, P < 0.001) and cell lines (F = 56.992, P < 0.001) than control tissues and cells. Functional experiments demonstrated that upregulation of miR-345-5p inhibited the malignant phenotypes of lung adenocarcinoma cells via suppressing cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and facilitating cell apoptosis. Additionally, RhoA was verified to be the downstream target of miR-345-5p. Expression of RhoA was downregulated by overexpression of miR-345-5p in PC-9 (0.321 ± 0.047 vs. 1.000 ± 0.127, t = 8.536, P < 0.001) and H1650 (0.398 ± 0.054 vs. 1.000 ± 0.156, t = 4.429, P = 0.011) cells. Rescue assays revealed that overexpression of RhoA rescued the suppressive effects of miR-345-5p upregulation on proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Further, miR-345-5p was found to regulate the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway by downregulation of RhoA in lung adenocarcinoma cells.Conclusions:MiR-345-5p plays a tumor suppressor role in lung adenocarcinoma cells by downregulating RhoA to inactivate the Rho/ROCK pathway.

简介：你知道不莱梅吗？噢——它是一个美丽快乐的地方。不莱梅在哪儿呢？噢——有梦想的地方就有不莱梅。没错儿，不莱梅这个地方，早就存在于“很久很久以前”的童话里了……

简介：1名学生＋1位教师=1所学校。这个特殊的场景,出现在重庆綦江区赶水镇太公山村小。学校唯一的学生叫谭陆森,而陪伴教导他的是老教师令狐克洪。太公山村小的生源逐年减少,学生陆陆续续转到镇上就读,只剩下谭陆森一人。谭家四世同堂,家庭负担颇重,小陆森为了能与祖母互相照顾,不方便转校下山就读。于是,令狐克洪向学校申请：＂让我在太公山站好最后一班岗,照顾好最后一名学生。＂

简介：世间有一种最甜美的呼唤，那就是妈妈；世间有一种最伟大的爱，那就是母爱。那个特殊的夜晚，我读懂了那份母爱，也证明了1＋1=1这个让我疑惑很久的式子。

简介：“我们人类总是不满足的。小孩生下来，刚刚学会爬，就不满足，就想学走，刚刚学会走，就又想学跑了。”大鼻子教授一上课，就说了这样一段话，“但人们还是不满足，于是，发明了——”

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简介：１＋１＝？●魏鹏程前不久，县国税局召开征管改革现场会。两位老所长看完我们所税负核定清册后，问我们：“你们月初核定的税款，当月能如数收上来吗？”我们回答：“能”。两位老所长不信的摇摇头，并笑着说：“在农村收税，要想１＋１＝２，哪是不可能”。听了老所长的...

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简介：我们网罗的对象。随想随写,随写随想。所有奇闻趣事,所有奇思妙想,都是

简介：近日，多家媒体报道，加多宝集团出品的王老吉红色罐状饮料出现断货，究其原因，商家们给出了出乎人们意外的答案：王老吉向地震灾区捐款1亿元人民币，创下国内单笔最高捐款额度。这一善举，让消费者看到了一个负责任企业的形象，短时间里得到市场更多关注和追捧，品牌价值不断提升。

简介：清明小长假，作业不多，爸爸也难得从部队回家休假。晚饭后，一家人去广场散步。我快乐得像只小鸟，一手牵着爸爸，一手拉着妈妈，边走边唱。突然，爸爸说：“我出一个题目．1＋1=1．你们相信吗？就是某种事物加某种事物等于一种新的事物，我们三个人来比一比，看谁说得多。”

简介：如果给你四个数1、2、3、6,请你想想,这四个数有什么样的关系？那就是下面这两个等式：1＋2＋3=6,1×2×3=6.

简介：世界上最有效、最奇妙的机器是什么描匕是你的大脑和神经系统。这也是我们每个人迈向成功的有效辅助机器，美国心理学家马尔茨通过多年的研究发现：大脑具有帮助人们分析环境、选择目标、提供方法、矫正错误，引导人们最终走向成功的功能。我们每个人都具有这种世界上最奇妙、无可比拟的成功辅助机器．成功的关键在于我们是否善于运用它。

简介：法国农业工程师林格曼曾设计过一个发人深省的“拉绳实验”：把被试者分成一人组、两人组、三人组和八人组，要求各组用尽全力拉绳，同时用灵敏度很高的测力器分别测量其拉力。结果发现，两人组的拉力只是单独拉绳时两人拉力总和的95％，三人组的拉力只是单独拉绳时三人拉力总和的85％，而八人组的拉力只是单独拉绳时八人拉力总和的49％。