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简介：1.INTRODUCTIONInconnectionwithexperimentalmodelinvestigationsofcavitationphenomenaatsubmergedbodiessocalledscaleeffectscanoccur.Inordertobeabletopredictthecavitationbehaviourofaprototypefrommodeltests,thesescaleeffectsmustbeknownandbetakenintoaccountbysimu-larityrelations.Inpreviousinvestigationstestbodyfamiliesofdifferentshapesandsizewereinvestigatedinwaterofdifferenttensilestrengthforcavitationinception.

简介：Amechanismisproposedfornucleatepoolboilingheattransferalongwithageneralmodelforbothpureliquidsandbinarymixtrues.Acombinedphysicalmodelofbubblegrowthisalsoproposedalongwithacorrespondingbubblegrowthmodelforpureliquidsonsmoothtubes.Usingthegeneralmodelandthebubblegrowthmodelforpureliquids,ananalyticaslmodelfornucleatepoolboilingheattransferofpureliquidsonsmoothtubesisdeveloped.

简介：一个有磁力地旋转的反应堆(MRR)在吸收苯排出物被开发了并且使用。MRR有一个永久磁铁核心并且使用磁性的离子的液体[bmim]FeCl4是吸收剂。苯排出物被N2带进MRR并且被磁性的离子的液体吸收。永久磁铁核心的旋转为磁性的离子的液体的焦虑提供了动力，提高集体转移并且使苯更好在吸收剂驱散。0.68g苯排出物能被克吸收[bmim]FeCl4，比那高的0.27和0.40g/g由[bmim]PF6并且[bmim]BF4分别地。吸收率与增加永久磁铁的旋转率增加了。

简介：房间温度离子的液体被水的铅tetrafluoroborate的反应与相应氯化物或溴化物盐作为为一氧化碳和苯乙烯的催化钯的共聚化合物的溶剂准备。钯的再循环能力在各种各样的离子的液体的合成催化剂被调查。[Pd(bipy)2][BF4]2比显示出更低的催化活性[处于类似的条件的Pd(bipy)2][PF6]2，尽管在离子的液体的每合成催化剂的催化活性仍然存在在以后4连续再循环。它被看钯的催化活性合成催化剂高从钯醋酸盐在situ比催化剂的被形成，2,2′-bipyridyl，并且哈(在离子的液体的A=PF6−,BF4−)。copolymerizati在上上的benzoquinone的离子的液体，反应时间，和剂量的体积的效果也被学习。

简介：CO2capturewithionicliquids（ILs）hasattractedmanyattentions,andmostworksfocusedonabsorptionabilityatambienttemperatures,whileseldomresearchwasconcernedatelevatedtemperatures.ThisnotonlylimitstheCO2absorptionapplicationatelevatedtemperature,butalsothedeterminationoftheoperationconditionoftheCO2desorptiongenerallyoccurringathighertemperature.ThisworkmainlyreportedCO2solubilitiesinILsatelevatedtemperaturesandrelatedpropertieswerealsoprovided.1-alkyl-3-methylimidazoliumbis（trifluoromethylsulfonyl）imide（[CnMIm][Tf2N]）ILswereselectedasphysicalabsorbentsforCO2captureinthisworkduetotheirrelativehigherCO2absorptioncapacitiesandgoodthermalstabilities.Thelong-termstabilitytestsshowedthat[CnMIm][Tf2N]isthermallystableat393.15Kforlongtime.CO2solubilitiesin[CnMIm][Tf2N]weresystematicallydeterminedattemperaturesfrom353.15Kto393.15K.ItdemonstratedthatCO2solubilityobviouslyincreaseswiththeincreaseofpressurewhileslightlydecreaseswithincreaseoftemperature.Asthelengthofalkylchainonthecationincreases,CO2solubilityinILsincreases.Additionally,thethermodynamicpropertiesincludingtheGibbsfreeenergy,enthalpy,andentropyofCO2werealsocalculated.

简介：二新奇离子的液体，N，N-disalicylideneethylenediaminium醋酸盐和N，N-disalicylideneethylenediaminiumtrifluoroacetate，被红外，1HNMR，DTA-TG和元素的分析准备并且描绘。试验性的结果显示新离子的液体拥有更低的融化的点和更高电的电导率。此处报导的离子的液体是与在阳离子的Schiff基础功能的组一起的离子的液体家庭的第一个成员，是引人注目的。

简介：在包含离子的液体(IL)的系统的马肝白酒脱氢酶(HLADH)的催化特征(BMIm????????????????猠牵牰獥敳?????????€污敫敮刯?????????ǐ

简介：Thehighshearagitationdevicewasfirstadoptedforgasolinedesulfurizationbyionicliquids.Theeffectofbenzylimidazolfluoborateindesulfurizationofgasolineandtheinfluenceofmoistureondeuslfurizationratewereinvestigated.Theexperimentalresultsshowedthattheionicliquidcouldeffectivelydecreasethesulfurcontentofgasolineandtheoptimalconditionswereasfollows:Thereactioncouldbecarriedoutatroomtemperature,avolumetricratiobetweenoilandtheliquidof2∶1,avolumetricratiobetweenwaterandionicliquidof0.04∶1,arotationalspeedof5krad/s,andareactiontimeof1minute.Thedesulfurizationrateofgasolinereached53.6%,andthegasolineyieldwasupto97.3%.Theionicliquidcouldberecycledforrepeateduse,andtheuseofhighshearagitationforgasolinewouldhavegoodprospects.

简介：InanefforttoutilizeNMRtechniquefortheanalysisofthestructuralcomponentsofwoodandbiomassessuchaslignin,wemadeacomparativestudyoflignincontentsofseveraltypesoflignocellulosicmaterialsbothbeforeandafterenzymatichydrolyses.Tothisend,EucalyptusGlobulus,Norwaysprucethermomechanicalpulp(TMP)cornstoverandEucalyptuskraftpulpwereball-milledandtreatedwithcellulasetopreparematerialswithhighlignincontents.Thesematerialswereanalyzedvia31PNMRinionicliquids.Theresultsshowthatthecontentsofvariousfunctionalgroupsforthelignocellulosicmaterialsafterenzymatichydrolysesaregenerallyinagreementwiththosefromtheircorrespondingenzymaticmildacidolysisliginins(EMALs),indicatingthat31PNMRanalysisoflignocellulosicmaterialsinionicliquidsisapromisingmethodforquantitativecharacterizationoflignocellulosicmaterials.

简介：Wesynthesizedonequaternaryammoniumpolymericionicliquids（PILs）P[VBTHEA]ClandthreeimidazoliumPILsofP[VEIm]Br,P[VEIm]BF4,P[VEIm]PF6byfree-radicalpolymerizationinsolution.ThesePILswerecharacterizedbyFT-IR,1H-NMR,13C-NMR,TGA,XRDandSEM.TheirCO2adsorptioncapacitiesweremeasuredunderdifferentpressuresandtemperaturesbyconstant-volumetechnique.ItwasobservedthatquaternaryammoniumPILsofP[VBTHEA]ClhavehigheradsorptioncapacityforCO2thanthoseimidazoliumPILs,followingP[VBTHEA]Cl>P[VEIm]PF6>P[VEIm]BF4>P[VEIm]Br,whichmaybeascribedtohigherpositivechargedensityonammoniumcationthanthatonimidazoliumcationandthusstrongerinteractionwithCO2,consistentwiththeresultsfromdual-modeadsorptionmodelthatammoniumPILshavemuchhigherCO2bulkabsorptionthanimidazoliumPILs.CO2adsorptioncapacityofP[VBTHEA]Clis9.02mg/gunder295Kand1bar,whichiscomparabletothatofsomeotherPILs,andismuchhigherthanthatofthecorrespondingILsmonomer.ThesePILshavegoodadsorptionselectivityforCO2overN2andregenerationefficiency.

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简介：Thepolyoxometalate-imidazoleionicliquids(POM-ILs)withlowmeltingpointsat94.5and95.5°C,[Cnmim]4[Mo8O26](Cnmim=1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium,n=12,14),havebeensuccessfullysynthesizedandcharacterizedbyDSC,single-crystalX-raydiffractionandTGA,etc.ThetwoPOM-ILshaverelativelyhighstabilitywithdecomposingtemperatureuptoabout347and344°C,respectively.FurtherphotocatalyticperformancewasmeasuredviathedegradationofrhodamineB(RB)inaqueoussolution.Theexperimentsshowthattheconversionreachedto90%after90minunderUV-lightandthedegradationefficiencydependedonpHvalue,differentdosagesandsoon.Inaddition,thecatalystscanberecycledforseveraltimeswithoutsignificantlossofactivity.

简介：Stablesilvernanoparticleswassuccessfullysynthesizedbychemicalreductionofsilvernitrateinanionicliquid,1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetrafluoroborate([BMIM]·BF4)atroomtemperature.ResultsofUV-Visdiffusereflectancespectroscopyshowas-preparedAgnanoparticlesexhibitatypicalemissionpeakat400―430nm.Byvaryingthereactiontemperatureandtheprecursorconcentration,thesizeandtheshapeofthesilvernanoparticlescouldbeeasilycontrolledundermildconditions.Analysesoftransmissionelectronmicrographs,X-raydiffractionpatternandX-rayphotoelectronspectrumfurtherrevealthatthesilvernanoparticleswerecoatedincompletelyby[BMIM]·BF4.Microbialexperimentsindicatethatas-preparedsilvernanoparticlesshowawidespectrumofantimicrobialactivitiesandhavebetterantimicrobialactivitiestoPseudomonasaeruginosathansilvernitratewiththesameconcentrationofsilver.

简介：Quinolinederivativeswereefficientlypreparedthroughacid-catalyzedFriedlanderreactioninionicliquid([bmim][BF4]).Itisshownthattheproposedmethodisoperationallysimpleandenvironmentallybenigninthatthereactionmediaandthecatalystcanberecoveredandbereusedeffectivelyforatleastfourtimes.

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简介：Threenewcatalystsbasedonthesilicagelsupportedpolyetherionicliquids(ILs),i.e.,[HO-PECH-MIM]Cl-Si,[H2N-PECH-MIM]Cl-Si,and[HOOC-PECH-MIM]Cl-Si,wereprepared,andtheirchemicalstructureswerecharacterizedbyinfrared(IR)spectroscopyandnuclearmagneticresonance(NMR)spectroscopy.Thermogravimetricanalyzer(TG),X-raydiffractometer(XRD)andscanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)wereusedtoevaluatetheirthermalstability,crystallinestructureandapparentmorphology,respectively.SurfaceareasofthepreparedcatalystswerecalculatedbytheBrunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method.Thecatalyticreactionforthesynthesisofpropylenecarbonate(PC)usingCO2andpropyleneoxide(PO)inthepresenceofthepreparedcatalystswasstudied.Theinfluencesoftimesofrecyclingandcatalyststructureoncatalyticperformancewerealsoinvestigated.TheexperimentalresultsshowedthatthesilicagelsupportedpolyetherILscatalystssuccessfullypreparedundermildconditioncouldpossesstheadvantagesofhighactivity,excellentthermalstability,goodselectivityandeasyrecycling,whilethephasetransitionoftheliquidpolyetherILscatalystswasalsoachieved.Whenthereactiontemperaturewas90°C,theCO2pressurewas2.0MPaandthedosageofthecatalystwas2.5%,[HOOC-PECH-MIM]Cl-Siwasfoundtohavethebestcatalyticperformanceinthecatalyticprocess,withtheconversionratereaching100%andtheselectivityequatingto98.2%.Theconversionrateandselectivitystillcouldreachmorethan90%evenafterthecatalystwasreusedfor15times.

简介：Alginatebeads,oftenusedforcontrolledreleaseofenzymesanddrugs,areusuallyproducedbysprayingsodiumalginateliquidintoagellingagentusingmechanicalvibrationnozzleorairjet.Inthisworkanalternativemethodofelectro-spraywasemployedtoformdropletswithdesiredsizefromahighlyviscoussodiumalginatesolutionusingconstantDCvoltage.Thedropletswerethencuredinacalciumchloridesolution.Themainobjectivewastoproducemono-sizedbeadsfromsuchahighlyviscousandnon-Newtonianliquid(1000-5000mPas).Theeffectsofnozzlediameter,flowrateandconcentrationofliquidonthesizeofthebeadswereinvestigated.Amongtheparametersstudied,voltagehadapronouncedeffectonthesizeofbeadsascomparedtoflowrate,nozzlediameterandconcentrationofalginateliquid.Thesizeofbeadswasreducedtoaminimumvaluewithincreasingthevoltageintherangeof0-10kV.Attheearlystagesofvoltageincrease(i.e.uptoabout4kV),therateofsizereductionwasrelativelylow,whilethedrippingmodedominated.However,inthemiddlepartoftherangeofappliedvoltage,wheretherateofsizereductionwashigh(i.e.about4-7kV),anunstabletransitionoccurredbetweendrippingandjetting.Attheendpartoftherange(i.e.7-10kV)jetmodeofspraywasobserved.Increasingtheheightoffallofthedropletswasfoundtoimprovethesphericityofthebeads,becauseoftheincreasedtimeofflightforthedroplets.Thiswasespeciallyidentifiableathigherconcentrationsofthealginateliquid(i.e.3w/v%).

简介：短离子的液体(IL)基于的A整体的子弹被准备并且用作选择抽取吸着剂。在材料由领域被评估以后扫描排放的电子显微镜学(FE-SEM)，为从Chamaecyparisobtusa的橡黄素和myricetin的抽取和决心的一条新途径(C。obtusa)由使用基于ILs的、整体的子弹，系统被开发。色析法的分析在372nm与紫外察觉在C18列上被进行，由acetonitrile水组成的一个eluting答案(25/75，V/V)作为活动阶段，和0.7mL琠慨?癥湥的流动率吗？