简介：StudyinginCornellisachallengingexperience.Whatmakesitbotheasierandharderisthefactthatyoucanfindinspirationseverywherearound：fromaprofessor,fromafriend,fromanacquaintance,orevenfromastranger.Thesepeopleexcel——sometimesitseemsliketheyexcelineverything.

简介：1IntroductionVasectomyisacommonlyused,highlyeffectivemethodforthecontroloffertilityinthehumanmale.Itisalmostalwaysperformedasanoutpatientprocedure,

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简介：Transientelectronicsareanemergingclassofelectronicswiththeuniquecharacteristictocompletelydissolvewithinaprogrammedperiodoftime.Sincenoharmfulbyproductsarereleased,theseelectronicscanbeusedinthehumanbodyasadiagnostictool,forinstance,ortheycanbeusedasenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativestoexistingelectronicswhichdisintegratewhenexposedtowater.Thus,themostcrucialaspectoftransientelectronicsistheirabilitytodisintegrateinapracticalmannerandareviewoftheliteratureonthistopicisessentialforunderstandingthecurrentcapabilitiesoftransientelectronicsandareasoffutureresearch.Inthepast,onlypartialdissolutionoftransientelectronicswaspossible,however,totaldissolutionhasbeenachievedwitharecentdiscoverythatsiliconnanomembraneundergoeshydrolysis.Theuseofsingle-andmulti-layeredstructureshasalsobeenexploredasawaytoextendthelifetimeoftheelectronics.Analyticalmodelshavebeendevelopedtostudythedissolutionofvariousfunctionalmaterialsaswellasthedevicesconstructedfromthissetoffunctionalmaterialsandthesemodelsprovetobeusefulinthedesignofthetransientelectronics.

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简介：进化计算在理论分析和工业应用在最后十年经历了巨大的生长。它的范围向许多性质在它“生物进化”的原来的意思以外演变启发了计算算法和技术，包括进化、神经、生态、社会、节俭的计算，等等，在一个统一框架。在进化计算的许多研究话题现在未必是“进化”的。这篇论文在在伯明翰的大学在CERCIA被做了的进化计算提供一些最近的进展的概述，英国。Itcovers在优化的大量话题，学习并且用进化途径和技术的设计，和在进化算法的计算时间复杂性的理论结果。与进化计算的未来开发有关的一些问题也被讨论。

简介：在这份报纸，我们在作者组进行的可压缩的骚乱上考察一些最近的研究，它在为围住墙的骚乱开发抑制大旋涡模拟(CLES)上在可压缩的各向同性的骚乱(市民)和应用研究上包括基本研究。在第一部分，我们实质上以最新建议的混合compactweighted开始为被用来构造市民的一个系统的数据库的市民模拟的nonoscillatory(WENO)计划。用这个数据库，可压缩的骚乱的各种各样的基本性质被检验了，包括统计并且从一个Lagrangian观点的可压缩的模式，shockletturbulence相互作用，小规模上的本地压缩的可能性的效果，动能串联，和一些初步的结果可伸缩。在第二部分，CLES的想法和公式被考察，处于可压缩的工程问题由CLES和一些应用程序的确认列在后面。

简介：摘要Stroke is the most important cause of death and disability in China, and most strokes (~80-90%) are preventable. Recent advances in a number of measures to reduce stroke are discussed in this narrative review, including smoking cessation, a Mediterranean pattern of eating, salt restriction, B vitamins to lower homocysteine, antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulants and the management of patent foramen ovale and carotid stenosis. Lowering of homocysteine with B vitamins does prevent stroke, but patients with variants of MTHFR require higher doses of folic acid, and because of harm from cyanocobalamin among persons with renal impairment, we should use methylcobalamin or oxocobalamin instead. Aspirin resistance appears to be due to enteric coating, and ＞ 50% of Chinese have a reduced response to clopidogrel because of variants of CYP2C19, required to convert the prodrug to its active form. Direct acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have revolutionized anticoagulation; important differences among the DOACs are discussed. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) does reduce the risk of stroke, but in most patients with stroke and PFO the PFO is incidental; it is important to identify the subgroup in whom paradoxical embolism was the probable cause of the stroke. Some patients with PFO would be better treated with anticoagulants because of the risk of pulmonary embolism. Carotid stenting carries a higher risk in older patients, and most patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis would be better treated with intensive medical therapy than with either stenting or endarterectomy; the few who could benefit can be identified.

简介：Severaldynamictestswithvasoactivedrugsareavailableforevaluatingpenilevascularinflowsandoutflows,rangingfromsimplepharmacologictesttomoreinvasiveradiologicsets.However,thereisstillnoperfectsingletesttoreflectthepenilevascularflow.Allpossibleeffortsshouldbeexertedtogetthegreatesterectileeffecttoavoidanunderestimationofbloodflowtothecorporaduetoincompleterelaxationofthetrabecularsmoothmuscle.Appreciationofthetypeandfrequencyofanatomicalvariationsandpotentialcollateralroutesisimportantininterpretingpenilearterogramsandmevaluatingthehemodynamicsignificanceofsuspectedarterialdisease.Choiceofthevasculartestsshouldalwaysdependonthepurposeoftesting.(AsianJAndrol1999Jun;1:37-43)

简介：Overbased润滑剂detergents是在润滑油的重要部件。最近，关于合成机制，胶体的结构，酸中立化和overbaseddetergents的antifiriction性质的很多报纸与试验性的技术的发展被出版了，它能更好帮助我们理解准备的进程和overbaseddetergents的申请并且提出为改进overbaseddetergents的各种各样的表演的新策略。以后，用可被细菌破坏的蔬菜油净化的环境地友好、多功能的润滑剂的合成将作为原料是为净化的industry.This纸主要论述的胶体的润滑剂的一个主要目的而不是矿物质油在胶体的润滑剂detergents的调查的最近的进展。

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简介：InMarch2017,NarendraModiledhisBharatiyaJanataParty(BJP)tovictoryinstateelections,amongwhichhegainedparliamentaryelectionofUttarPradesh(stateinnorthernIndia),knownastheweathervaneofIndianelections.Backin2014,theBJPhadalreadywonasimplemajorityinLokSabha(thelowerhouseofparliament),bringinganendtomorethan30yearsofcoalitiongovernment.Now,theBJPisexhibitingstrongerpresenceasaone-party-ruleatbothfederalandlocallevels,withnocounter-balancefromtheIndianNationalCongress,localparties,orleftwingpartiesnoworintheforeseeablefuture.ThisincreasesthelikelihoodofModi'sre-electionasprimeministerin2019.Obviously,Indianpoliticaldevelopmentischaracterizedbycomplexity,accidentalfactorsandintrinsiclogic,whichwilldefinitelyexertgreatinfluenceonthefutureofIndia.

简介：AbstractThe main challenge in the field of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is antibiotic resistance, which influences the efficacy of eradication regimens. Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy has been confirmed as an effective regimen for eradicating H. pylori, especially in strains with antibiotic resistance. High-dose proton-pump inhibitor-amoxicillin dual therapy could decrease the use of unnecessary antibiotics, which is a promising alternative approach. Adjuvant therapy (specific probiotic or vitamin) also showed good results, although more evidence is needed. Novel anti-H. pylori drugs are needed, and the establishment of the H. pylori database is an effective way to acknowledge the real-time information of H. pylori management. This review provides the recent progress of H. pylori treatment, and further studies are needed to address the role of different regimens in improving H. pylori eradication rate, especially in strains with antibiotics resistance.

简介：Inthelastseveralyears,therateofinnovationincardiacimagingtechniqueshasacceleratedsignificantly.Advanceshavebeenseeninall4majormodalities;echocardiography,nuclear(positronemissiontomography(PET)andsinglephotonemissioncomputedtomography(SPECT),cardiacmagneticresonanceimaging(CMR),andcomputedtomographicangiography(CTA).ThisissueofCardiovascularInnovationsandApplicationswillhighlightmanyoftheseadvances.

简介：硼是不平常的物理特征从电子缺乏的、高度去除的共有原子价契约导出的周期表和展览上的碳的邻居。作为碳的最近的邻居，硼以类似于碳的许多方法，例如有采用sp2杂交的短共有原子价半径和灵活性。因此，硼能能够形成单层graphene的结构的类似物。尽管许多理论报纸报导了发现硼的二维的同素异形体，为如此的原子薄的硼nanostructures没有试验性的证据直到2016。最近，单个层的硼的成功的合成(叫作borophene)在Ag(111)上，底层打开硼nanostructures的时代。在这简短评论，我们将讨论以合成技术，描述和原子模型在borophene上被做了的进步。然而，borophene只在幼年期；更多的努力被期望在优秀样品的控制合成上在未来被作并且定制它的物理性质。

简介：Sincetheendoflastyear,CAFIUhaskeptastrongmomentuminitsexchangeswithJapan.ThehighlightsincludedthevisitofadelegationofyoungmembersofJapan’sDiet,andtheexchangeswithmultipleJapaneseNGOs,mediaoutletsandyoungstudents.

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简介：Conventionalelectronicsisplanar,hard,andrigidduetotheintrinsicbrittlenatureofinorganicsemiconductormaterials(e.g.,siliconandgalliumarsenide).Themodernelectronictechnologyhastypicallybeenconcernedwithlargeorsmallbutdurableandlong-lastingelectronics.Recentlydevelopedmaterialsandmechanicsconceptsyieldunconventionalelectronicswithunique

简介：Stretchableelectronics,whichofferstheperformanceofconventionalwafer-baseddevicesandmechanicalpropertiesofarubberband,enablesmanynovelapplicationsthatarenotpossiblethroughconventionalelectronicsduetoitsbrittlenature.Oneeffectivestrategytorealizestretchableelectronicsistodesigntheinorganicsemiconductormaterialinastretchableformatonacompliantelastomericsubstrate.Engineeringthermalmanagementisessentialforthedevelopmentofstretchableelectronicstoavoidadversethermaleffectsonitsperformanceaswellasinapplicationsinvolvinghumanbodyandbiologicaltissueswhereeven1–2°Ctemperatureincreaseisnotallowed.Thisarticlereviewstherecentadvancesinthermalmanagementofstretchableinorganicelectronicswithfocusesonthethermalmodelsandtheircomparisonstoexperimentsandfiniteelementsimulations.