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简介：Inthisstudy,threecDNAsequencescorrespondingtocytochromeP450C17(CYP17I),3β-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase(3β-HSD)andandrogenreceptor(AR)wereisolatedfromspottedseabass(Lateolabraxmaculatus).ThemRNAabundancesofCYP17Iand3β-HSDincreasedfromstageⅡtostageⅤwithasignificantincreaseatstageⅤ,andthehighestabundanceofARmRNAwasdetectedatstageⅢintesticulardevelopmentcycle.CYP17I,3β-HSDandARtranscriptswereobviouslyabundantinsteroidogenesistissuessuchastestis,brain,headkidneyamongothers.StrongandpositivesignalswereobservedmainlyininterstitialcellregionsofL.maculatustestisasweremeasuredwithinsituhybridizationmethod.SignificantincreasesofCYP17Iand3β-HSDtranscriptsweredetectedafter12–48hhCG(humanchorionicgonadotropin)andGnRHa(gonadotropin-releasinghormoneanalogue)treatments.However,anoppositerelationshipwasfoundforARintestisatthesametime.Inaddition,decreasingtrendsofCYP17Iand3β-HSDmRNAwereobservedintestisofL.maculatusinfreshwatergroup(FW)fromday2today6,andmRNAabundanceofARincreasedinbrackishwater(BW)groupfromday4today8.Thesefindingsrevealedthatthesethreesteroidsynthesisgenesareimportfortesticulardevelopment,hormoneandsalinitytreatment,andprovidedalsoaninsightintothemechanismofreproductiveendocrineofL.maculatus.

简介：TheeffectsofBacillussubtilis2-1fromtheintestineofhealthyseacucumberonthegrowth,digestiveenzymeactivitiesandintestinalmicrobiotaofjuvenileseacucumber(Apostichopusjaponicus)weredeterminedinthepresentstudy.SeacucumberwasfedwithSargassumthunbergiipowdersupplementedwithB.subtilis2-1atdifferentconcentrationsvaryingamong0(control),105,107,and109CFUg-1for8weeks.ResultsshowedthatthegrowthperformanceandintestinalamylaseandtrypsinactivitiesweresignificantlyincreasedbydietaryB.subtilis2-1at109CFUg?1(P<0.05).However,dietaryB.subtilis2-1hadnosignificantinfluenceonthelipaseactivityinseacucumber(P>0.05).Thepolymerasechainreactiondenaturinggradientgelelectrophoresisand16SrRNAgenesequencinganalysisindicatedthatdietaryB.subtilis2-1at105and107CFUg-1inhibitedmostoftheProteobacteriaincludingthoseingenusVibrio.DietaryB.subtilis2-1at109CFUg-1notonlydecreasedtheabundanceandspeciesofgenusVibrio,butalsoincreasedtheintensityofgeneraPsychrobacterandBacillus.AspecificdosageofdietaryB.subtilis2-1couldincreasethegrowthandmodulatetheintestinalmicrobiotaofseacucumber;thusitmightbeanovelprobioticforkeepingthehealthofseacucumber.

简介：Newsatellite-derivedlatentandsensibleheatfluxesareperformedbyusingWindSatwindspeed,WindSatseasurfacetemperature,theEuropeanCentreforMedium-rangeWeatherForecasting(ECMWF)airhumidity,andECMWFairtemperaturefrom2004to2014.The55mooredbuoysareusedtovalidatethembyusingthe30minand25kmcollocationwindow.Furthermore,theobjectivelyanalyzedair-seaheatfluxes(OAFlux)productsandtheNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPrediction-NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchreanalysis2(NCEP2)productsarealsousedforglobalcomparisons.ThemeanbiasesofsensibleandlatentheatfluxesbetweenWindSatfluxresultsandbuoyfluxdataare–0.39and–8.09W/m~2,respectively.Inaddition,therootmean-square(RMS)errorsofthesensibleandlatentheatfluxesbetweenthemare5.53and24.69W/m~2,respectively.TheRMSerrorsofsensibleandlatentheatfluxesareobservedtograduallyincreasewithanincreasingbuoywindspeed.Thedifferenceshowsdifferentcharacteristicswithanincreasingseasurfacetemperature,airhumidity,andairtemperature.ThezonalaveragelatentfluxeshavesomehighregionswhicharemainlylocatedinthetradewindzoneswherestrongwindscarrydryairinJanuary,andthemaximumvaluecentersarefoundintheeasternwatersofJapanandontheUSeastcoast.Overall,theseasonalvariabilityispronouncedintheIndianOcean,thePacificOcean,andtheAtlanticOcean.Thethreesensibleandlatentheatfluxeshavesimilarlatitudinaldependencies;however,somedifferencesarefoundinsomelocalregions.

简介：Intertidalmarinemacroalgaeexperienceperiodicalexposuresduringlowtideduetotheirzonationaldistribution.ThedurationofsuchemersionleadstodifferentexposuresoftheplantstolightandaerialCO2,whichthenaffectthephysiologyofthemtodifferentextents.TheecophysiologicalresponsestolightandCO2wereinvestigatedduringemersionintworedalgaeGloiopeltisfurcataandGigartinaintermedia,andtwobrownalgaePetaloniafasciaandSargassumhemiphyllum,growingalongtheShantoucoastofChina.Thelight-saturatednetphotosynthesisinG.furcataandP.fasciashowedanincreasefollowedbyslightlydesiccation,whereasthatinG.intermediaandS.hemiphyllumexhibitedacontinuousdecreasewithwaterloss.Inaddition,theupper-zonatedG.furcataandP.fascia,exhibitedhigherphotosynthetictolerancetodesiccationandrequiredhigherlightleveltosaturatetheirphotosynthesisthanthelower-zonatedG.intermediaandS.hemiphyllum.Desiccationhadlesseffectondarkrespirationinthesefouralgaecomparedwithphotosynthesis.Thelight-saturatednetphotosynthesisincreasedwithincreasedCO2concentrations,beingsaturatedatCO2concentrationshigherthanthepresentatmosphericlevelinG.furcata,G.intermediaandS.hemiphyllumduringemersion.ItwasevidentthattherelativeenhancementofphotosynthesisbyelevatedCO2inthosethreealgaeincreased,thoughtheabsolutevaluesofphotosyntheticenhancementowingtoCO2increasewerereducedwhenthedesiccationstatusesbecamemoresevere.However,inthecaseofdesiccatedP.fascia(waterlossbeinggreaterthan20%),lightsaturatednetphotosynthesiswassaturatedwithcurrentambientatmosphericCO2level.ItisproposedthatincreasingatmosphericCO2willenhancethedailyphotosyntheticproductioninintertidalmacroalgaebyvariedextentsthatwererelatedtothespeciesandzonation.

简介：《海洋环境保护法》第89条第2款本身并非关于诉讼的直接规定,该款规定的内容也不符合民事公益诉讼的内涵特征,将该款解释为关于海洋环境民事公益诉讼的规定不利于我国立法内部的横向协调。我国司法实践总体上也不认可《海洋环境保护法》第89条第2款规定的内容属于海洋环境民事公益诉讼。《海洋环境保护法》第89条第2款应是关于损害赔偿请求权的特别规定,不是我国海洋环境民事公益诉讼的法律依据,相应的法律依据应是《环境保护法》第58条、《民事诉讼法》第55条以及相关司法解释。