简介:Itiswellknownthatcertainisotopyclassesofpseudo-AnosovmapsonaRiemannsurfaceSofnon-excludedtypecanbedefinedthroughDehntwistst(α|~)andt(β|~)alongsimpleclosedgeodesies(α|~)and(β|~)on(S|~),respectively.LetGbethecorrespondingFuchsiangroupactingonthehyperbolicplaneHsothatH/G≌(S|~).Foranypointa∈(S|~),defineS=(S|~)\{a}.Inthisarticle,theauthorgivesexplicitparabolicelementsofGfromwhichheconstructspseudo-AnosovclassesonSthatcanbeprojectedtoagivenpseudo-Anosovclasson(S|~)obtainedfromThurston'sconstruction.
简介:ThispaperpresentsthelimitingexpressionforthegencalizedinverseAT.S(2)anditscorresgondingprojectorsSincecomononimnortorsinverses,suchasandAT.S(2)etcareallgeneralizedineeAT.S(2)Infact,wegiveaunifiedlimitingformulaofcomputinesuchimporiantgeneralinedinversesanditscorrespondingproiectors,BasedonthisweestalishandimbedlingmethodfirecompotingthegeneralizedinverseAT.S(2)Theresultsextendearlierworkbyvariousauthors.
简介:ThediscreteSobolev’sinequalitiesinL_pnormareprovedforthree-dimensionalsphericalandcylindricalcoordinates,byusingdiscreteHolderinequality.propertyofthetrianglefunctionsandcomplicateddeduction.
简介:Thechaoticbehaviorofone-dimensional,2-segmentand3-segmentpiecewise-linearmapsisexaminedbyusingtheconceptofsnap-backrepellersintroducedbyMarottoandtheparametersconditionsofexistenceforsnap-backrepellerareobtained.Simulationresultsarepresentedtoshowthesnap-backrepeller,someperiodicpointsandattractingintervalcycleswithchaoticintervals.
简介:Generalizedcase-cohortdesignhasbeenprovedtobeacost-effectivewaytoenhancetheefficiencyoflargeepidemiologicalcohort.Inthisarticle,weproposeaninferenceprocedureforestimatingtheunknownparametersinCox’sproportionalhazardsmodelingeneralizedcase-cohortdesignandestablishanoptimalsamplesizeallocationtoachievethemaximumpoweratagivenbudget.Thefinitesampleperformanceoftheproposedmethodisevaluatedthroughsimulationstudies.TheproposedmethodisappliedtoarealdatasetfromtheNationalWilm’sTumorStudyGroup.
简介:Inthispaper,thefuzzyreliabilityfunctionZ=X+Yhasbeenderived.InthecaseofthatX,YsubjectstoMarshall-Olkinbivariateexponentialdistribution,assumingμ=μ1μ2.
简介:Inthispaper,wederivetwogeneralparameterizedboundariesoffinitedifferenceschemeforVee’sPDEwhichisusedtopricebothfixedandfloatingstrikeAsianoptions.Usingthesetwoboundaries,wecandealwithallkindsofsituations,especially,someextremecases,likeoverhighvolatility,verysmallvolatility,etc,underwhichtheAsianoptionisusuallymispricedinmanyexistingnumericalmethods.Numericalresultsshowthatourboundariesareprettyefficient.
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简介:ForagiventriangulationΔofaregionRofinterest,letS82(Δ):={s∈C2(R):s|1∈P8,l∈Δ}bethespaceofallsplinesofdegree8andsmoothness2,wheretdenotesanytriangleofΔandP8thespaceofpolynomialsoftotaldegree≤8.Furthermore,letS82(Δ):={s∈S83(Δ):s∈C3atv,v∈Δ}beasupersplinesubspaceofS82(Δ).WeconstruelacollectionoflocallysupportedsplinesinS82(Δ)whichcanbeusedtoachievelhefullapproximationorderofS82(Δ)anditscardinalilyislessthanthedi-mensionofsupersplinespacespaceS82(Δ).