简介：Expressionoftheadhesionmolecules,ICAM-1,VCAM-1,NCAM,CD44,CD49d(VLA-4,αchain),andCDlla(LFA-1,αchain)onmouseoocytes,andpre-andperi-implantationstageembryoswasexam-inedbyquantitativeindirectimmunoliuorescencemicroscopy.ICAM-1wasmoststronglyexpressedattheoocytestage,graduallydecliningalmosttoundetectablelevelsbytheexpandedblastocyststage.NCAM,alsoexpressedmaximallyontheoocyte,declinedtoundetectablelevelsbeyondthemorulastage.Ontheotherhand,CD44declinedfromhighestexpressionattheoocytestagetoshowasecondmaximumatthecompacted8-cell/morula.Thismoleculeexhibitedhighexpressionaroundcontactareasbetweentrophecto-dermandzonapellucidaduringblastocysthatching.CD49dwashighlyexpressedintheoocyte,remainedsignificantlyexpressedthroughoutandafterblastocysthatchingwasexpressedonthepolartrophecto-derm.LikeCD44,CD49ddeclinedtoundetectablelevelsattheblastocystoutgrowthstage.ExpressionofbothVCAM-1andCDllawasundetectablethroughout.ThediametricaltemporalexpressionpatternofICAM-1andNCAMcomparedtoCD44andCD49dsuggestthatdynamicchangesinexpressionofadhesionmoleculesmaybeimportantforinteractionoftheembryowiththematernalcellularenvironmentaswellasforcontinuingdevelopmentandsurvivaloftheearlyembryo.

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简介：ThemethodsforprotectingInPsurfaceagainstdegradationduringannealing,includingencapsulantandencpsulant-freetechniques;rapidthermalan-nealingofInPimplantedlayers;implantedionspeciesandsomeprofilesoftypicaldopants,etc.,theyareallthekeytechniquesconcerningionimplantationintose-mi-insulatingInP,andhavebeenreviewedsyntheticallyaswell.

简介：AbstractObjective:Scoping review of published literature to establish clinical characteristics and audiologic outcomes in patients diagnosed with Susac’s Syndrome(SS) who have undergone cochlear implantation (CI).Data sources:All published studies of CI in SS and contribution of two of our own patients who have not been reported previously.Methods:A comprehensive search of MEDLINE (via PubMed) was carried out in March 2020 using the following keywords and related entry terms: Susac’s Syndrome, Cochlear Implantation. Results: Our search identified a total of five case reports of CI in SS. With the addition of our two patients reported here, we analyzed characteristics and outcomes in seven patients. Mean age at implantation was 30 years old (range 19-46), with six women and one man implanted. Mean time from onset of hearing loss to implantation was 17 months (range three months to four years). Best reported postoperative speech understanding was reported via different metrics, with six of seven patients achieving open set speech scores of 90% or better, and one subject performing at 68%. Vestibular symptoms were present preoperatively in four of seven patients (57%), with vestibular testing reported in two patients, and showing vestibulopathy in one patient. No complications were reported following cochlear implantation.Conclusion:Cochlear implantation is a viable option for hearing rehabilitation in patients with SS, with levels of attainment of open set speech comparable to other populations of CI candidates.

简介：AbstractElectrocochleography (ECochG) is an electrophysiological technique that records electrical potentials generated by different components of the inner ear and peripheral cochlear nerve in response to acoustic stimulation. ECochG responses can be analyzed into (1) cochlear microphonics (CM), (2) auditory nerve neurophonics, (3) summating potential, and (4) compound action potential. Over the past few decades, there have been ongoing refinements in technique and updates in the understanding of recorded potentials. Historically, ECochG found its main application in the diagnostic evaluation of Meniere’s disease (MD). However, in the last decade, the focus has shifted towards cochlear implantation (CI). In patients with residual hearing after CI, combined electric and acoustic stimulation has resulted in improved hearing and speech outcomes. Despite efforts to mitigate trauma during electrode insertion, hearing preservation rates vary after surgery. During implantation, real-time ECochG offers an opportunity to measure frequency specific CMs elicited from a localized region in the cochlea as the surgeon inserts the electrode array. In extracochlear ECochG recordings, the recording electrode can be placed on the promontory, the stapes, or the tympanic membrane. Intracochlear ECochG can be performed by inserting a recording electrode into the cochlea or by using one of the CI electrodes as the recording electrode. The loss of intraoperative ECochG signal may indicate cochlear trauma from electrode insertion, but the association between intraoperative ECochG changes and cochlear trauma remains controversial. The ability to monitor cochlear trauma during CI electrode placement holds promise to improve hearing preservation outcomes, modify surgical techniques, and change electrode design. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the electrophysiology and history of ECochG, discuss its recent applications in CI, and explore the ongoing research in this expanding field.

简介：ObjectiveToreportoutcomesofcochlearimplantation(CI)inachildwithauditoryneuropathyspectrumdisorder(ANSD)andtoprovidepreliminaryclinicalevidenceoftheefficacyofCIinANSDpatients.MethodsA4-year-oldboywithdiagnosedauditoryneuropathyspectrumdisorder(ANSD)receivedimplantationofaNucleusCI24Rafteranunsatisfactorytrialofamplification.Post-implantationperformanceinbothhearingsensitivityandspeechrecognitionwasassessedindifferentsessions.Aidedhearingthresholdsweretestedbybehavioralaudiometry.MandarinEarlySpeechPerceptionTest(MESP),MeaningfulAuditoryIntegrationScale(MAIS),categoryofauditoryperformance(CAP)andSpeechIntelligibilityRating(SIR)wereusedtoassessthebenefitsinauditoryskillsorspeechrecognitiontheboyobtainedfromCI.Thetestswereadministeredbeforesurgeryandat3monthsand7monthsafteropening.ResultsTheboydemonstratedimprovedauditorysensitivitybyusingCI.Concerningspeechrecognitionandcommunication,bothspeechaudiometryandquestionnairesshowedanobviousbenefitfromCI.ConclusionsCIhasworkedefficientlyinthisANSDboy.ButbecauseoflimitedunderstandingofANSDandrehabilitationeffectbycochlearimplantationinthiscondition,theclinicaldecisiontoimplantshouldbecautiousandonlyafterathoroughevaluation.Meanwhile,wellcontrolledandlongtermstudiesareneededtoconfirmtheefficacyofcochlearimplantationinpatientswithANSD.

简介：Topreventthecomplicationsincataractsurgeries,theeyesofrabbitsandmonkeyswereimplantedwithintraocularlensfor360days.Methods:Theeyesoftherabbitswereperformedwithphacoemulsificationandsoftintraocularlensimplantation.Theeyesofthemonkeyswereperformedwithextracapsularcataractextractionandhardintraocularlensimplantation.Results:Thepostoperativereactionsincludedcornealedema,anteriorchamberexudation,posteriorcapsuleopacificationandsoon.Thecomplicationsintheeyesoftherabbitsweremorethanthatintheeyesofthemonkeys.Conclusion:Thedifferentpostoperativereactionshappenedindifferentanimals.Inclinicalthechoiceoftheoperativemethodandintraocularlensdependedonthecaseinordertoacquirethebestsight.

简介：Polyparaphenylene(PPP)ispreparedbyAlCl3-CuCl2catalystswithbenzeneasthemonomerandisdopedbychemicalmethodandN^+ionimplantation.Theinfluencesoftheconcentration,temperatureandtimeofchemicaldopingandthedose,energyandtemperatureofionimplantation,onPPPconductivityareinvestigated.TheresultsshowedthattheconductivityofPPPcanbeimproved4-5ordersofmagnitudebyionimplantationandtheconductivityofPPPcanreachabout0.11S·cm^-1bychemicaldoping.Thecomparisonofstabilityofthematerialconductivebehaviorbyusingthetwodopingmethodsispresented.Itshowsthationimplantationisbetterthanchemicaldopinginstabilizingtheelectricconductivebehaviorforthematerial.

简介：ObjectiveTofurtherimprovetherateofreperfusionofinfarctionrelatedarteryinAMI,removethestricture,rescueischemicmyocardium,protectcardiacfunctionandamelioratethelong-termprognosis.MethodAmong73patientswithA-MI,50underwentdirectPICA,15immediatePICA,8rescuePTCAand20braceswereimplanted.ResultTheproportionofrecanalizationis94.5%(69/73).Thegradeofbloodflow(TIMI)improvedtograde3in20patientswithbraceimplantation,while44tograde3and5tograde2among49patientswithsimplePTCA.Residualstenosisinvesselwas1.8±5.9(-10-10)%inpatientswithbraceimplantationversus15.4±11.(0-30)%withsimplePTCA.Theincidenceofreperfusivecardiacarrythmiawas18.1%(10/62).Therewasmainlyfrequentventricularprematurebeatandshortparoxysmalventriculartachycardia,ifleftanteriordecendingbranchwasreopened,whilebradycardiaandatrialventricularblockusuallyoccurredafterrightcoronaryreperfused.ConclusionEmergencyP

简介：AbstractBackground:Meniere’s disease (MD) is an idiopathic disorder of the inner ear, which manifests as cochleo-vestibular dysfunction. Hearing loss will progress to a profound levelin a subset of patients with MD, and vestibular interventions can independently cause loss of hearing. The aim of this study was to systematically review the published literature describing the safety and efficacy of CI in patients with MD.Materials and methods:A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance PRISMA guidelines to identify articles that assessed at least one functional outcome in patients with MD who underwent CI. Demographic information, disease history, MD symptoms, outcomes measures, and complications related to CI were extracted from included studies.Results:In total, 17 studies were included, and 182 patients with MD underwent CI. The weighted-mean age was 61.9 years (range 27-85). Study objective and methodology varied, and there was significant heterogeneity in CI outcome measures reported. In total, 179 (98.3%) of 182 patients reported objective improvements in at least one hearing metric after CI. A total of 69 patients (37.9%) reported vertigo or severe dizziness prior to CI, compared to 22 patients (15.4%) postoperatively. Two studies reported significant reductions in postoperative Tinnitus Handicap Inventory score (THI). Quality of life assessments varied between studies. Complications rates were low with only nine patients (4.9%) reporting a serious CI-related complication.Conclusions:This systematic review evaluated 17 studies describing the safety and efficacy of CI in patients with MD and encountered many challenges due to small sample sizes, and heterogeneity in study design and outcomes measured. Despite these limitations, this study of 182 patients is to the best of our knowledge the largest systematic review evaluating the safety and efficacy of CI in MD. The results of this study support the need for a standardized approach to evaluating outcomes of CI in patients with MD in future studies.

简介：AbstractThe first practice of pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT) was reported more than 30 years ago. PGT, originally named preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) and pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), is now categorized as PGT for aneuploidies (PGT-A), PGT for monogenic/single-gene defects (PGT-M), and PGT for chromosomal structural rearrangements (PGT-SR). Patients with fertility issues caused by advanced maternal age, carrier status of chromosomal abnormalities, or harboring pathogenic variant(s) are recommended to undergo PGT to increase the possibility of successful live birth and avoid potentially affected newborns. High-throughput techniques, such as DNA microarrays and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have enabled comprehensive screening of all 24 chromosomes, instead of few loci at a time. Furthermore, as a comprehensive PGT, PGT-Plus was enabled by the rapid development of a genome-wide single-cell haplotyping technique to detect embryo aneuploidy, single-gene disorders, and chromosomal aberrations simultaneously using a single universal protocol. In addition, non-invasive approaches enable a more intact embryo during the biopsy procedure, which may avoid potential mosaicism issues at a certain scale by testing spent culture media (SCM). As a novel PGT application, PGT-P detects genome-wide variations in polygenic diseases, which account for a large proportion of premature human deaths and affect a markedly larger population than monogenic diseases, using polygenic risk score calculation to decrease the potential of affecting complex conditions. Owing to the emergence of new technologies recruited to PGTs, more couples with infertility issues have a promising chance of conceiving a healthy baby, ultimately facilitating the human species to live more prosper.

简介：Globaldemographicchangesrelatedtolongevityareleadingtoincreasingnumbersoftheelderly,forwhomhearinglossisasignificantcauseofmorbidityanddisability.Oncemetwithreticence,severelyhearingimpairedolderadultsareincreasinglybeingconsideredforcochlearimplantation(CI).SignificantdataindicatethatCIintheelderlypopulationissafe,well-tolerated,andeffective.RisksfromCIsurgeryandanesthesiaarelowandgenerallycomparabletoratesinotheragegroups.OutcomesstudiesregardingCIinolderadultshaveshownexcellentimprovementstospeechperception,qualityoflife,andevencognition.Overall,currentlyavailabledatasuggeststhatadvancedageshouldnot,initself,beconsideredabarriertoimplantation.ThisreviewpaperwillhighlightselectedarticlesfromrecentmedicalliteratureregardingthesafetyandefficacyofCIintheelderlypopulation.

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简介：Inthispaper,thefollowingcontentsincludingtheoriginalreceptorEI213andothertwocontrolmaterials,RAPDpolymorphism,photosyntheticefficiency,andthenumberofvascularbundlesofthefirstinternodesbelowthepedunclehavebeenstudiedfortheeightF7transgeniclinesobtainedfromionbeamimplantation.Theresultsshowedthattherewasasignificantvariationingenomesofmaize-riceline,comparedwiththereceptorEI213,afterthetotalexogenousmaizeDNAwasintroducedintoEI213.Thenumberofthevascularbundlesofmaize-riceprogeny'slineswasobviouslymuchlargerthanthoseoftheoriginalreceptorEI213andothertwocontrolsGER-3andMH63,andalongwiththephotosyntheticefficiencyofmaize-riceprogeny'slinesbeinggoneup.Moreover,theparenchymacellsaroundthevascularbundlesofthetransgeniclinesbecamemuchlargerinnumberandinsizethanthosearoundthecontrols.Alltheseindicatedthatthemaize-riceprogeny'slinesarereallydifferentfromandsuperiortothereceptorandthecontrols.ItisanovelandusefulwaytoapplyionbeamimplantationintransferringDNAfromC4plantmaizeintoC3plantrice.

简介：Objective:Toreportcomplicationsrelatedtoflaparoundimplantsaftercochlearimplantation,possiblecausesofsuchcomplicationsandtreatments.Methodsandmaterial:Weperformedaretrospectiveanalysisofchildreninwhomcomplicationsrelatedtoflaparoundimplantsoccurredafterundergoingcochlearimplantationinourdepartmentfrom2005to2016.Results:Complicationsamong1500cochlearimplantation(CI)recipientsbythesamesurgeonincludedhematoma(n?20)andseromaaroundimplants(n?15),ofwhichmost(n?10)recoveredin2weeksaftereffectivedrainage,utilityofantibioticsandpressuredressing,but5developedflapnecrosisandhadtoundergocontralateralre-implantation.Fourpatientsdevelopedabscessaroundimplants,ofwhom2recoveredafter2weeksofdrainage,gentamicinirrigationanduseofantibiotics,but2patientsendedupwithflapnecrosisandhadtoreceivecontralateralreimplantation.Conclusions:Immediatedrainage,pressuredressingandantibioticscanbeusedtoeffectivelycontrolseromaaroundimplants.Forseromalastingformorethantwoweekswithoutimprovement,surgicaldrainagemaybeneed.

简介：AbstractObjective:Current guidelines for hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HGNS) implantation eligibility include drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings and other patient characteristics but lead to highly variable rates of surgical success across institutions. Our objective was to determine whether additional factors seen on preoperative evaluation could be used as predictors of surgical success.Study design:Retrospective chart review.Setting:Single-institution academic tertiary care medical center.Subjects:and Methods:This study included patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who underwent HGNS implantation between 2015 and 2018. Surgical success was defined as a post-operative apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of less than 20 events per hour and an AHI reduction of at least 50%. Preoperative polysomnogram (PSG) results, DISE findings, and physical parameters were compared between surgical successes and failures.Results:A total of 68 patients were included in the analysis. The overall surgical success rate was 79.4% (54/68). Elevated preoperative AHI was associated with an increased likelihood of treatment failure, with an AHI of (36.9 ± 16.8) events/hour in the success group compared to (49.4 ± 19.6) events/hour in the failure group (P = 0.05). Patients observed to have partial lateral oropharyngeal collapse on DISE was more frequently associated with the treatment failure group than in the success group (P = 0.04).Conclusion:Patients who underwent HGNS implantation overall had a very high treatment response rate at our institution. Factors that may predispose patients to surgical failure included the presence of lateral oropharyngeal collapse and a significantly elevated preoperative AHI. These should be considered when determining surgical candidacy for HGNS implantation.

简介：Cochlearimplantationisoneofthebestamongstthevariousmanagementoptionsavailableforchildrenandadultswithseveretoprofoundsensorineuralhearingloss.Innerearandinternalauditorycanal(IAC)malformationsaccountstoapproximately25%ofcongenitalsensorineuralhearinglossinchildren.Theprimarygoalofthisreportwastoevaluatethecommunicationoutcomesaftercochlearimplantationinachildwithcysticcochleovestibularanomaly(CCVA).Thechildwasevaluatedthroughvariousstandardizedoutcomemeasuresatregularintervalstotracktheprogressintermsofauditoryandspokenlanguageskills.ThescoresonCategoriesofAuditoryPerception(CAP),MeaningfulAuditoryIntegrationScale(MAIS),SpeechIntelligibilityRating(SIR),MeaningfulUseofSpeechScale(MUSS),andlisteningandspokenlanguageskillsshowedasignificantleapin12monthsdurationpostimplantation.Thereportthushighlightsandcorrelatesthesignificantprogressinauditoryandspokenlanguageskillsofthechildwithcongenitalmalformationstoappropriateauditoryrehabilitationandintensiveparentaltraining.

简介：Ionimplantationisapowerfulmethodforfabricatingnanoparticlesindielectric.Fortheactualapplicationofnanoparticlecomposites,acarefulcontrolofnanoparticleshastobeachieved.Inthisletter,thesize,distributionandmorphologyofAgnanoparticlesarecontrolledbycontrollingtheioncurrentdensity,ionimplantationsequenceandionirradiationdose.SinglelayerAgnanoparticlesareformedbyAg+ionimplantationatcurrentdensityof2.5μA/cm2.ByAgandCuionssequentialimplantation,thesizeofsinglelayerAgnanoparticlesincreases.While,byCuandAgionssequentialimplantation,uniformAgnanoparticleswithwidedistributionareformed.ThemorphologyofAgnanoparticleschangestohollowandsandwichednanoparticlesbyCu+ionirradiationtodosesof3×1016and5×1016ions/cm2.TheopticalabsorptionpropertiesofAgnanoparticlesarealsotailoredbytheseways.

简介：Objective:Acommoncavitydeformity(CCD)isadeformedinnerearinwhichthecochleaandvestibuleareconfluentformingacommonrudimentarycysticcavitythatresultsinprofoundhearingloss.Therearefewstudiespayingattentiontocommoncavity.Ourgroupisengrossedinobservingtheimprovementofauditoryandverbalabilitiesinchildrenwhohavereceivedcochlearimplantation(CI),andcomparingthesetargetsbetweenchildrenwithcommoncavityandnormalinnerearstructure.Materialandmethods:Aretrospectivestudywasconductedin12patientswithprofoundhearinglossthatweredividedintoacommoncavitygroupandacontrolgroup,sixineachgroupmatchedinsex,ageandtimeofimplantation,basedoninnerearstructure.CategoriesofAuditoryPerformance(CAP)andspeechintelligibilityrating(SIR)scoresandaidedhearingthresholdswerecollectedandcomparedbetweenthetwogroups.AllpatientsworeCIformorethan1yearattheCochlearCenterofAnhuiMedicalUniversityfrom2011to2015.Results:PostoperativeCAPandSIRscoreswerehigherthanbeforeoperationinbothgroups(p<0.05),althoughthescoreswerelowerintheCCDgroupthaninthecontrolgroup(p<0.05).TheaidedthresholdwasalsolowerinthecontrolgroupthanintheCCDgroup(p<0.05).Conclusion:EventhoughaudiologicalimprovementinchildrenwithCCDwasnotasgoodasinthosewithoutCCD,CIprovidesbenefitsinauditoryperceptionandcommunicationskillsinthesechildren.

简介：Objective:Toobservetheeffectofstatinsonpreventingparoxysmalatrialfibrillation(PAF)afterpacemakerimlantationinpatientswithsicksinussyndrome.MaterialsandMethods:68patientswereselectedinwhichthepacemakershadbeenimplantedduetosicksinussyndrome,andwererandomlydividedintoastatintreatmentgroupandacontrolgroup.Afterthepacemakerimplantation,onlythepatientsintreatmentgroupweregiven20mgatorvastatinoncepernight,withotherconditionsbasicallysimilartothoseinthecontrolgroup.Atthe3rd,9th,15th,and21stmonthsaftertheimplantation,thepacemakerswereprogrammed,andthePAF-relatedinformationstoredinthepacemakerwererecalledandanalyzedstatistically.Results:Aftertheadministrationofstatinsfor9monthssincetheimlantation,theoccurrenceratesofPAFinthetreatmentgroupwasrelativelylowerthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.Afterfurtheradministrationofstatinsfor15months,boththeoccurrencerateofPAFandtheburdenofatrialfibrillationinthetreatmentgrouphadsignificantlydeclined.Aftercontinuousadministrationofstatinsfor21months,boththeoccurrencerateofPAFandtheburdenofatrialfibrillationinthetreatmentgroupweresignificantlylowerthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.Conclusion:Long-termadministrationofstatinscanreducetheriskofPAFaftertheimplantationofapacemakerinpatientswithsicksinussyndrome.