简介:Excessivenitrogen(N)fertilizerapplicationtowinterwheatisacommonproblemontheNorthChinaPlain.TodeterminetheoptimumfertilizerNrateforwinterwheatproductionwhileminimizingNlosses,fieldexperimentswereconductedfortwogrowingseasonsateightsites,inHuiminCounty,ShandongProvince,from2001to2003.TheoptimumNrateformaximumgrainyieldwasinverselyrelatedtotheinitialsoilmineralNcontent(Nmin)inthetop90cmofthesoilprofilebeforesowing.TherewasnoyieldresponsetotheappliedNatthethreesiteswithhighinitialsoilmineralNlevels(average212kgNha-1).TheaverageoptimumNratewas96kgNha-1forthefivesiteswithlowinitialsoilNmin(average155kgNha-1)beforesowing.ResidualnitrateNinthetop90cmofthesoilprofileafterharvestincreasedwithincreasingfertilizerNapplicationrate.TheapparentNlossesduringthewheat-growingseasonalsoincreasedwithincreasingNapplicationrate.TheaverageapparentNlosseswiththeoptimumNrateswerelessthan15kgNha-1,whereasthefarmers'conventionalNapplicationrateresultedinlossesofmorethan100kgNha-1.Therefore,optimizingNuseforwinterwheatconsiderablyreducedNlossestotheenvironmentwithoutcompromisingcropyields.
简介:Polystyrenemacromonomerswithdifferentmolecularweightwerepreparedbyradicalpolymerizationofstyrene(St)inbenzeneusingβ-methacryloxylethyl2-N,N-diethyldithiocarbamylacetate(MAEDCA)asamonomer-iniferter.Characterizationofthemacromonomerby~1H-NMRshowedthattheendgroupswereα-methacrylyoxylethyloxycarbonyl-methylandω-(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl).Themacromonomerwasdifficulttohomopolymerize,butitwaseasilycopolymerizedwithmethylmethacrylate(MMA)initiatedbyAIBNtoformgraftcopolymers(PMMA-g-PSt)withPStbranchesrandomlydistributedalongthePMMAbackbone.CopolymerizationreactionandthestructureofthegraftcopolymerswerestronglyaffectedbyM_nandconcentrationofthemacromonomer.ThecompositionandM_nofthepurifiedgraftcopolymerweredeterminedby~1H-NMRandGPCanalysis.
简介:AnewkindofpolysiloxanecontainingN,N’-bis(diphenylsilyl)tetraphenylcyclodisilazanewaspreparedbyanionicnon-equilibriumpolymerizationwitha"seedsolution"asinitiator.Themonomer,N,N’-bis(hydroxydiphenylsilyl)-tetraphenyl-cyclodisilazane(BHPTPC),wassynthesizedviathehydrolysisofN,N’-bis(chlorodiphenylsilyl)tetraphenyl-cyclodisilazane(BCPTPC).AnewmethodforthepreparationofBCPTPCisalsoreportedherewithhighyieldandsimplermanipulation.ThesynthesizedpolysiloxanecontainingN,N’-bis(diphenylsilyl)tetraphenylcyclodisilazanewascharacterizedby1H-NMR,29Si-NMR,gelpermeationchromatography(GPC)andintrinsicviscosity.
简介:ReactionsofCuSCNwithtetramethylthiuramdisulfideinCH3CNinthepresenceofstyreneandN,N,N',N',N'-pentamethyldiethylenetriaminegaverisetoanewcopper(Ⅰ)complexofN,N'-dimethyldithio-cabamate{[Cu(S2CNMe2)]2}n.ThetitlecompoundcrystallizedinthetriclinicP-1spacegroupwithlatticeparametersα=0.7610(4)nm,b=0.8911(4)nm,c=0.9268(5)nm,α=68.66(1)°,β=83.88(2)°,γ=79.31(2)°,V=0.5748(5)nm^3,Z=2.Thecompoundhasaunique1DchainstructurecomposedofCuSCSCuSCSeight-memberedringsandapairofCu-Sbonds,thestructureofwhichhasbeendeterminedbysingle-crystalX-raycrystallography.Theisolationofthiscompoundmayprovidesomehelpfulinformationforthecauseoftheinductionperiodsofthereverseatomtransferradicalpolymerization.