简介：ProteomicshasbeenwidelyusedinthelastfewyearstolookfornewbiomarkersanddecipherthemechanismofHIV-hostinteraction.Herein,wereviewtherecentdevelopmentsofHIV/AIDSproteomicresearch,includingthesamplesusedinHIV/AIDSrelatedresearch,thetechnologiesusedforproteomicstudy,thediagnosisbiomarkersofHIV-associateddiseaseespeciallyHIV-associatedneurocognitiveimpairment,themechanismsofHIV-hostinteraction,HIV-associateddementia,substanceabuse,andsoon.Intheendofthisreview,wealsogivesomeprospectsaboutthelimitationandfutureimprovementofHIV/AIDSproteomicresearch.

简介：Transposableelements(TEs)aremobilegeneticentitiesubiquitouslydistributedinnearlyallgenomes.HighfrequencyofcodonsendinginA/TinTEshasbeenpreviouslyobservedinsomespecies.Inthisstudy,thebiasesinnucleotidecompositionandcodonusageofTEtransposasesandhostnucleargeneswereinvestigatedintheAT-richgenomeofArabidopsisthalianaandtheGC-richgenomeofOryzasativa.CodonsendinginA/TaremorefrequentlyusedbyTEscomparedwiththeirhostnucleargenes.AremarkablepositivecorrelationbetweenhighlyexpressednucleargenesandC/G-endingcodonsweredetectedinO.sativa(r=0.944and0.839,respectively,P<0.0001)butnotinA.thaliana,indicatingacloseassociationbetweentheGCcontentandgeneexpressionlevelinmonocotspecies.Inbothspecies,TEcodonusagebiasesaresimilartothatofweaklyexpressedgenes.TheexpressionandactivityofTEsmaybestrictlycontrolledinplantgenomes.MutationbiasandselectionpressurehavesimultaneouslyactedontheTEevolutioninA.thalianaandO.sativa.TheconsistentlyobservedbiasesofnucleotidecompositionandcodonusageofTEsmayalsoprovideausefulcluetoaccuratelydetectTEsequencesindifferentspecies.