简介：ＡＮＥＷＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＲＥＴＲＩＥＶＡＬＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＭＥＴＥＯＲＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮ￥ＢｅｉＧａｎｇ（贝刚）ＡＮＥＷＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＲＥＴＲＩＥＶＡＬＳＹＳＴＥＭＦＯＲＭＥＴＥＯＲＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＢｅｉ...

简介：Inthispaper,weuseatwo-dimensionalprimaryequationmodelwhichcontains(1)heatingofradiation,(2)heatingofcondensation,and(3)transfersofsensibleandlatentheatbetweenairandtheunderlyingsurface.ToinvestigatethecausesfortheformationoftheeasternNorthPacificsum-mermonsoon,thedataat110°Wareobtainedandwindsatunderlyingsurfaceandat200hPaaremodifiedundertheconditions(1)removingtopographyand(2)changingmeridionalseasurfacetem-perature(SST)gradient.Inthenumericalmodification,wefindthatbyremovingthetopography,thecenter’slocationoftheeasternNorthPacificsummermonsoondoesnotchange,buttheintensityofthesummermonsoonisweakened.AlsotheonsetofthesummermonsoonisdelayedtotheendofMay.Thetropicaleast-erlyjetisweakenedobviously,evenchangestowesterlywind.Ontheotherhand,wefindthattheSSTgradientalong110°WinfluencestheeasternNorthPacificsummermonsoondistinctly.IftheSSTgradientisdecreased,thecenterofthesouthwestwindnear12°Ndoesnotexistanymore.theintensityofthewholesummermonsoonbecomesveryweakandthecirculationpatternofthesummermonsoonalsochangesalot.Finally,weindicatethatbothtopographyandmeridionalSSTgradientplayimportantrolesintheoccurrenceoftheeasternNorthPacificsummermonsoon.ThemeridionalSSTgradientisthemostimportantfactorthattriggersthesummermonsoonandthetopographyalong110°Winfluencestheintensityandtheonsettimeofthesummermonsoontheremostly.

简介：Inthispaper,thenonlinearstationarywavesforcedbytopographyanddiabaticheatingareinvestigated.Itispointedoutthat(1)thenonlinearinteractionofdifferentstationarywavesforcedonlybytopographymightformdipoleblockingintheatmosphere,thismightexplainthedipoleblockingappearedinthePacificandAtlanticregions;(2)thedipoleblockingcouldnotbecausedbythenonlinearinteractionofthedifferentstationarywavesforcedbythediabaticheatingalone;(3)thenonlinearinteractionofthediffferentstationarywavesforcedbybothtopographyanddiabaticheatingcouldinitiatedipoleblockingintheatmosphere.Inwinter,thedipoleblockingmainlyoccursinthewestregionsofthePacificandtheAtlantic,andtheheatsourceoverthewesternpartofthetwooceansisadvantageoustotheformationofdipoleblockinginthewestoftwooceans.However,insummer,thedipoleblockingcouldbeformedintheeastpartofthetwooceans,andtheheatsourceovertheeastern

简介：

简介：Theeffectoflocalbasicflowstructurepattern(BFSP)onablockinghighformationisinvestigatedwithintheframeworkofforceddissipationKDVdynamics.Thezonalandmeridionalpositionsofthehigh’scenterexcitedbyaheatsourcedependontheBFSPselected.

简介：Theformationofatropicalcycloneistheresultofaprocessinwhichaninitialdisturbanceevolvesintoawarm-corelow-pressuresystem;however,theoriginoftheinitialdisturbanceandthefeaturesoftheinitialfieldsareoverlookedinmostexistingtheories.Inthisstudy,basedonFY-2CbrightnesstemperaturedataandtheJapanreanalysisdataset,theoriginandevolutionofthetropicaldisturbancethatbecameTyphoonFung-Wong(2008)wereexamined.Theresultsdemonstratedthattheinitialdisturbanceemergedwithinasaddle-typefieldwithlargeverticaltroposphericwindshear.Theverticalwindsheardecreasedwiththeadjustmentoftheuppercirculation;moreover,accompaniedbyconvectionoverthewarmsectionaroundtheuppercoldvortex,itprovidedfavorablethermalanddynamicconditionsforthedevelopmentofatropicalvortex.Duringitsdevelopment,thezoneofassociatedpositiverelativevorticitystrengthenedanddescendedfromthemid-tropospheretolowerlevels.Thisrapidstrengtheningoflower-levelvorticitywasduetoincreasingconvergencerelatedtotheintensificationofthepressuregradientsouthwestofthesubtropicalhigh.ThisindicatedthattheuppercoldvortexandWestPacificsubtropicalhighplayedveryimportantrolesinthiscase.

简介：ThecalculatingschemesofunderlyingsurfaceprocessesinthemodeldescribedbyLietal.(1989)aremodifiedwithinclusionofsimplelandsurfaceprocessesandoceanicmixedlayerprocesses,thenasimulationonthezonalwindalong90°EfromtheNortherntotheSouthernHemispherewithmoun-tainsisperformed.Comparisonsoftheresultsandtheobservationsshowthatthemodifiedmodelnotonlyhasanexcellentstabilityincalculationbutalsocanbetterdisplaytheseasonalchangeofthewindfield,theabilityofthepresentmodelisimprovedascomparedwiththatofthepreviousone.Basedonthesimulations,theauthorsinvestigatetheeffectsofQinghai-XizangPlateausnowcoverontheformationofSouthAsianmonsoonbythickcningthesnowdepthandbyincreasingthesnowalbedo.Themainresultsarcasfollows:ThesummermeridionalcirculationoverthesouthofthePlateauanditsvicinityisweakeued,andtheprecipitationreduced.However,overthenortherntropics,thecirculationisenhanced,andtheecipitationisincreased,andthelandandtheairaboveitbecomewarmer,thetropicaleasterlyjetisweakened.

简介：Acoupledmodel,whichisemployedtostudythedominatingfactorandkeyareaofElNinocycleformation,consistsofadynamicaloceanmodelandastatisticalatmosphericmodel.ThecoupledmodelwithseasonalforcingsuccessfullyreproducestheElNinoeventcyclewhichexhibitsquasi-regularoscillationswithapreferredperiodofabout4years.Theresultsshowthattheheatcontent(HC)istransportedbetweentheeasternandthewesterntropicalPacificareas.ThespatialdistributionofHCanomaliesforfourphasesofthewholecycleclearlyshowsapossibleformationmechanismofElNino.ExperimentsfurthersuggestthatseasurfacetemperatureinthetropicalPacificandHCinthecentraltropicalPacificarethemostimportantfactorsandthecentraltropicalPacificisthemostimportantareafordeterminingformationofElNinocycle.

简介：Thespringpersistentrains(SPR)oversoutheasternChina(SEC)areauniquesynopticandclimaticphenomenoninEastAsia.AformerstudyhasfoundthatthesouthwesterlyflowwhichliesonthesoutheasternflankoftheTibetanPlateau(TP)isoneofthedeflectedwesterlyflowsoftheTP,anditissuggestedtobethedirectclimaticcauseofSPR.ThisstudyfoundthatthesouthwesterlyflowisalsohighlycorrelatedwiththesensibleheatingofthesoutheasternTPininterannualvariability,inadditiontohavingahighcorrelationinseasonalvariability.ThesefactssuggestthatthethermalforcingoftheTPisanotherimportantclimaticcauseofSPR.NumericalsensitivityexperimentsfurtherprovethatthemechanicalandthermalforcingsoftheTParetheclimaticcausesoftheformationoftheSPR.Ontheotherhand,theNanlingMountainsandWuyiMountains(NWM)oversoutheasternChinanotonlyincreasetheSPRprecipitationamountevidently,butalsomaketheSPRrainbeltmovetothesouthbyblockingthestrongsouthwesterlyflow.

简介：Adetailed3-DhailcloudnumericalmodelandparameterizationofmierophysiealprocessesweredescribedinPartⅠ(Hong1999)ofthisstudy.Inthispart,ahailcloudoccurringinXunyiarea.ShaanxiProvinceonJuly8,1997issimulatedbythemodeltoanalyzemechanismsofhailformationandhailsuppressionwithseeding.Theresultsshowthat97%ofhailembryosarefrozendrops.TheseedingexperimentswithAgIintermsofheightsshowthatiftheseedingismadebeforehailformation,theoptimumseedingpositionislocatedinthemaximumupdraftareaanditscenter,i.e.,AgIisseededinthezonewithhighwatercontenttobecoordinatedwithmaximumzoneoftheupdraft.Theseedingmakesconcentrationsofgraupelandfrozendropincreaseandtheiraveragemassorsizedecrease,sothattheproportionofconversionfromgraupelandfrozendropintohaildescendsgreatly,andthemassandconcentrationofhailstonearedecreasedtoachieveourpurposeforhailsuppression.

简介：观察分析证明一个Mesoscale对流系统(MCS)发生在5月13-日142004沿着在华南的沿海的区域。在西方东方取向以内在西南的流动之中开始的MCS低级砍线。与系统联系了，在它的随后的发展阶段，没有不同旋涡发行量发展了在低级。相反，气旋的流动骚乱被观察在中间对流层。传送对流怎么开始发展并且演变为MCS？与观察分析和数字模拟，这个问题被学习了。高分辨率的MM5模拟证明沿着在西方的华南的沿海的线和附近的山的那地志的集中起一个重要作用开始MCS传送对流。曾经，传送对流发生，由于加热的冷凝作用，在先存在之间的一个合作相互作用当系统继续移动eastward.Compared到一些典型MCS时，中间水平的骚乱和传送对流被创造，它可以极大地在时期期间影响MCS开发发生在南部的中国，它通常伴有区分特征的调查MCS表演的气旋的涡度，开发和进化的向上的开发。在这篇文章，为增强负责的物理机制中间--水平骚乱被讨论，并且在MCS组织上的发展解释中间水平的骚乱的效果的一个观点被建议。

简介：在两倍旋涡(SODV)和台风的形成的组织工会之间的关系与大气的Research/Penn州的Mesoscale模型(MM5)的第五产生的国家中心基于六个数字实验被讨论，进一步的讨论与结果显示出的真实台风case.The被做有批评距离dc为在baroclinicatmosphere.When的SODV，在分开的旋涡之间的距离比小或等于dc，进自我组织的双旋涡

简介：为2007的模型模拟和水文学分析数据被使用在沿海的东亚上在hydrometeor形成上调查远程的荒芜的灰尘运输的影响。结果从香港和上海被分析，它是东亚的二个代表性的沿海的城市。远程的荒芜的灰尘运输主要在沿海的东亚上影响春天和夏天云和猛冲。在春天，云和猛冲主要来自大规模冷凝作用并且主要被灰尘从Gobi，撒哈拉沙漠，和一种羚羊沙漠影响。这些荒芜的灰尘能参予降水在以内并且在云下面。在更低的纬度，灰尘粒子主要充当水原子核。在更高的纬度，他们充当水原子核和冰原子核。大规模云和猛冲上的Gobi，撒哈拉沙漠，和一种羚羊灰尘的效果在更高的纬度变得更强壮。在夏天，在沿海的东亚上的云和猛冲主要来自传送对流并且主要被灰尘从Taklamakan影响，阿拉伯，并且Karakum-Kavir沙漠。大多数Taklamakan灰尘粒子能作为冰原子核在对流的云以内参予降水，当阿拉伯时，Karakum-Kavir灰尘粒子在云下面在降水仅仅作为水原子核参与。对流的云和猛冲上的Taklamakan灰尘的效果在更低的纬度变得更强壮。所有荒芜的灰尘，那从Gobi和Taklamakan沙漠有相对最大的影响。Gobi灰尘由在更高的纬度影响泉水云在沿海的东亚影响气候变化。

简介：层(PBL)在台风Sinlaku(2008)在第二等的eyewall形成(SEF)和eyewall代替周期(ERC)上处理的不同行星的边界的效果被使用天气研究并且预报(WRF)有六不同PBL的模型策划调查。SEF和ERC成功地为在我们的以前的学习建议的SEF和ERC与所有六个PBL计划和机制被模仿了被重新证实。它被表明那两个暴风雨和里面动人的外部螺线雨线的增强贡献SEF。在SEF以后，加热的联系diabatic提高第二等的eyewall推进，并且到主要eyewall的从外部区域的潮湿的空气的转移被第二等的eyewall割掉。以如此的一个方法，主要eyewall死，ERC完成。一些模仿了SEF和ERC的特征，这被发现，例如ERC的SEF和持续时间的时间和地点，确实从一模拟变化到另外一个。以便描述SEF和ERC份量上的特征，一个同心eyewall索引(CEI)被定义，CEI的阀值被建议决定第二等的eyewall的发作。在模仿的SEF和ERC的差别被讨论，一些可能的原因被建议。基于CEI阀值和尖动量的能量守恒定律，另外，预言SEF的地点的一个公式也被建议并且适用于所有六模拟。公式的成功和失败然后被讨论。

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简介：AtmosphericInfraredSounder(AIRS)datashowthattheSaharanairlayer(SAL)isadry,warm,andwell-mixedlayerbetween950and500hPaoverthetropicalAtlantic,extendingwestwardfromtheAfricancoasttotheCaribbeanSea.TheformationsofbothHurricaneIsabelandTropicalDepression14(TD14)wereaccompaniedwithoutbreaksofSALairduringtheperiod1-12September2003,althoughTD14failedtodevelopintoanamedtropicalcyclone.TheinfluenceoftheSALontheirformationsisinvestigatedbyexaminingdatafromsatelliteobservationsandnumericalsimulations,inwhichAIRSdataareincorporatedintotheMM5modelthroughthenudgingtechnique.AnalysesoftheAIRSandsimulationdatasuggestthattheSALmayhaveplayedtworolesintheformationoftropicalcyclonesduringtheperiod1-12September2003.First,theoutbreaksofSALairon3and8Septemberenhancedthetransverse-verticalcirculationwiththerisingmotionalongthesouthernedgeoftheSALandthesinkingmotioninsidetheSAL,triggeringthedevelopmentoftwotropicaldisturbancesassociatedwithHurricaneIsabelandTD14.Second,inadditiontothereducedenvironmentalhumidityandenhancedstaticstabilityinthelowertroposphere,theSALdryairintrudedintotheinnerregionofthesetropicaldisturbancesastheircyclonic?owsbecamestrong.ThiseffectmayhavesloweddowntheformationofIsabelandinhibitedTD14becominganamedtropicalcyclone,whiletheenhancedverticalshearcontributedlittletotropicalcycloneformationduringthisperiod.The48-htrajectorycalculationsconfirmthattheparcelsfromtheSALcanbetransportedintotheinnerregionofanincipienttropicalcyclone.

简介：Particlenumbersizedistribution(PNSD)between10nmand20μmweremeasuredinthePearlRiverDelta(PRD)regioninwinter2011.Theaverageparticlenumberconcentrationofthenucleationmode(10-20nm),Aitkenmode(20-100nm),accumulationmode(100nm-1μm)andcoarsemode(1-20μm)particleswere1552,7470,4012,and19cm-3,respectively.Thevolumeconcentrationofaccumulationmodeparticleswithpeakat300nmaccountedforover70%ofthetotalvolumeconcentration.DiurnalvariationsanddependenciesonmeteorologicalparametersofPNSDwereinvestigated.Thediurnalvariationofnucleationmodeparticleswasmainlyinfluencedbynewparticleformationevents,whilethediurnalvariationofAitkenmodeparticlescorrelatedtothetrafficemissionandthegrowthprocessofnucleationmodeparticles.WhenthePRDregionwascontrolledbyacoldhighpressure,conditionsoflowrelativehumidity,highwindspeedandstrongradiationarefavorablefortheoccurrenceofnewparticleformation(NPF)events.ThefrequencyofoccurrenceofNPFeventswas21.3%duringthewholemeasurementperiod.ParametersdescribingNPFevents,includinggrowthrate(GR)andsourcerateofcondensablevapor(Q),wereslightlylargerthanthoseinpreviousliterature.Thissuggeststhatintensephotochemicalandbiologicalactivitiesmaybethesourceofcondensablevaporforparticlegrowth,evenduringwinterinthePRD.