简介：ObjectivesToinvestigatetheexpressionofhistamineH1receptors(H1R)inthevestibularnucleusofbrainsteminratsandtheroleofH1Rinmotionsickness(MS).MethodsAtotalof24healthySprague-Dawleyratsweredividedrandomlyintofourgroups(n=6each)whichdeterminediftheanimalswouldreceiveinductionofMSordrug(promethazine)treatment:MS(-)/Drug(-);MS(+)/Drug(-);MS(-)/Drug(+at0.25mg);andMS(+)/Drug(+).MSwasinducedbycomplexmotionstimulationandtheconditionedtasteaversionwasusedasabehavioralindicatorofMS.Thevolumeof0.15%sodiumsaccharinsolution(SS)intakewithin45minutesaftermotionstimulationwasmeasured.H1Rinthevestibularnucleuswasexaminedbyimmunofluorescencestaining.TheexpressionofH1Rproteininbrainstemtissueatvestibularnucleuslevelwasdetectedbywesternblot.ResultsThemeanSSintakevolumeintheMS(+)/Drug(-)group(8.8ml)wassignificantlylessthanthatoftheMS(-)/Drug(-)group(15.1ml)(P<0.01).ThemeanSSintakevolumeoftheMS(-)/Drug(+)group(14.8ml)wassimilartothatoftheMS(-)/Drug(-)group.ThemeanSSintakevolume(9.6ml)oftheMS(+)/Drug(+)groupwasmorethanthatoftheMS(+)/Drug(-)group(P<0.01),butlessthanthatoftheMS(-)/Drug(-)grouporMS(-)/Drug(+)group(P<0.01).ImmunofluorescencestainingshowedpositiveexpressionofH1Rinthevestibularnucleusofbrainstemandtheexpressionwasenhancedbymotionstimulation.WesternblotanalysisshowedthatH1Rproteinexpressedinthebrainstemtissueatvestibularnucleuslevelandtheexpressionalsoincreasedsignificantlyaftermotionstimulation.TheMS-inducedincreaseofH1Rwasnotaffectedsignificantlybypromethazine.ConclusionsH1RsexistinthevestibularnucleusinratsandH1Rexpressionisup-regulatedbymotionstimulation,butnotaffectedbypromethazine.ThefindingsindicatethatthehistaminergicsystemisinvolvedinMS.Promethazine,asanH1Rblocker,mayplayitsanti-MSrolebycompetingthebindingsiteon

简介：ObjectivesToevaluateperipheralauditorydysfunctioninseniledementiaofAlzheimer'sdisease(AD)anditsrelationshipwithcognitivedysfunction.MethodsPuretonethresholds,wordrecognitionscores(WRS),acousticimmittanceandauditorybrain-stemresponses(ABR)weretestedtoevaluatetheauditoryfunctionin43ADpatientsand50normalsubjects.ThetestreliabilityinthesesubjectswasexaminedbeforethetestresultswereevaluatedfortheircorrelationwiththeMiniMentalStateExamination(MMSE)score.ResultsTherewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinperipheralauditoryfunctionsbetweenthetwoearsinthetestedsubjectsorbetweenthetwogroupswhentheauditometricresultsoftherightearwerecompared(P>0.05).Also,therewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupswhenaudiometrictestreliability,acousticimpedanceandABRresultswerecompared(P>0.05).ConclutionsThepuretoneaudiometricthresholdandWRSinADpatientsaresimilartothoseincomparablenon-ADsenilesubjects.Peripheralauditorydysfunctionisnotrelatedtocognitivedysfunction.

简介：ThisarticlereviewstheeffectivenessofintratympaniccorticosteroidsforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdiseaseat2-yearsfollow-upaccordingtotheguidelinesexpressedbytheAmericanAcademyofOtolaryngology-Head&NeckSurgery.DespitetheincreaseduseofintratympaniccorticosteroidsforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdiseasethereisdebateastotheireffectiveness,particularlycomparedtogentamicin.Evenso,afterjustasinglecourseofinjections,corticosteroidscanreliablyprovidecompletevertigocontrol(ClassA)at2-yearsinabout50%ofcasesasindicatedinarecentdouble-blindrandomizedcontrolledclinicaltrial(Pateletal.,2016).Buttheeffectivenessofintratympaniccorticosteroidstrulyincreaseswhentreatmentisprovided'as-needed',wherebycompletevertigocontrolisestablishedinupto91%ofcases.Onthebasisofavailableliterature,thereisgoodevidencetorecommendtheuseofintratympanicsteroidtreatmentforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdisease,butpatientsmustbemonitoredfornon-response.Therationalefortreatingpatientsas-neededandthepossiblereasonsforcorticosteroidnonresponsearediscussed.

简介：Bell’spalsyisacommonlyseencranialnervediseaseandcanresultincompromisedfacialappearanceandfunctions.Itsetiology,prognosisandtreatmentarestillbeingdebated.Thispaperisareviewofrecentdevelopmentintheunderstandingofetiology,diagnosisandnon-surgicaltreatmentofBell’spalsy.

简介：ObjectiveToreportoutcomesofnonsurgicalandsurgicalmanagementofMenière’sdiseaseatBeijingTiantanHospital.MethodsPatientswithMenière’sdiseasewerecategorizedintogroupsbasedonhearingandqualityoflife.Individualizedmanagementwasprovided,includinglifestylemodification,drugtherapies,endolymphaticsacdecompressionandlabyrinthectomy.Treatmentoutcomeswereevaluatedduringupto24monthsfollowup.ResultsEightysevenpatientsunderwentlifestylemodificationanddrugtherapies.ThevertigocontrolrateofGradeAandBwas76.9%and83.8%respectively.Sixpatientsreceivedsurgicalmanagement,includingendolymphaticsacdecompression(n=5)andlabyrinthectomy(n=1).Forthesepatients,thevertigocontrolrateofGradeAandBwas80%and100%,respectively.ConcluIsionsManagementofMenière’sdiseasedependsonseveralfactors,i.e.severitiesofvertigoandhearingloss,qualityoflife,surgicalcontraindicationsandpatientsubjectivedesire.Thetreatmentisdrugtherapiesforthemajorityofpatients,aswellaslifestylemodification.Surgicalindicationsarerareandtheleastinvasiveproceduresshouldbeconsideredfirst.Theresultsofsurgeryaregenerallysatisfying.

简介：目的通过本实验证明s/z比值在聋儿言语呼吸中的临床应用价值.材料:在上海市随机选取4-17岁640名健听儿童,从国内外数家康复中心随机选出共29名配戴助听器且采用腹式呼吸的聋儿接受s/z测试,以及30名接受胸式呼吸训练的配戴助听器聋儿.方法采用"实时言语矫治仪"进行测试,令受试者先发/s/音,然后发/z/音,均符合最长声时的发音要求,然后求其比值.结果s/z比值不受年龄、性别的影响,且聋儿组康复训练前后s/z比值有着显著性差异,胸式呼吸的s/z比远大于腹式呼吸组.结论s/z比值能够进一步检测出聋儿言语呼吸不协调的问题,为制定康复方案提供了有价值的参考;同时证明胸式呼吸不仅使得聋儿的言语呼吸支持不足,而且造成呼吸和发音系统的严重不协调.

简介：《喉科手术学》2000年出版，2002年第2次印刷。近十年间随着医学技术飞跃发展，喉科手术也在不断更新及创新。为了适应新的形式，人民卫生出版社于2007年出版了《喉科手术学》第2版。此版主要围绕有关保留、改菩喉功能的理论，特别是新发展的手术为主要增修内容，增加了与保留和改善喉功能研究发展相关的喉及喉咽的解剖及生理：增补了保留或改善喉功能的手术、喉显微手术、喉咽癌激光手术、喉返神经单、双侧麻痹及喉手术后喉功能不良新发展的喉功能整复术、喉误吸手术、喉蹼切除术、喉肉芽肿切除术、杓状软骨脱位、骨折和固定的整复术：补充了喉气管狭窄，喉、喉咽和颈食管癌等新的手术方法；充实了甲状腺肿瘤手术，颈淋巴结清扫术内容，

简介：TheGJB2gene(connexin26)hasbeenshowntoberesponsibleforDFNB1andDFNA3.WescreenedtheGJB2genein488patientswithprelingualdeafness(Group1),124withpostlingualdeafness(Group2),and117normalhearingsubjects(Group3).Wefoundthat,inGroup1,65patients(13.32%)werehomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesand51patients(10.45%)carriedasinglepathogenicmutation.The235delCmutationwasthemostfrequentmutation,accountingfor73.22%oftheknownpathogenicallelesinGroup1.NohomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesweredetectedinGroup2orGroup3.Somepostlingualdeafpatients(2.42%)andnormalhearingsubjects(4.27%)were235delCcarriers.Ourpreliminarydataindicatethat235delC,themostfrequentmutationidentifiedinthisstudy,isamajorcauseforprelingualdeafness.

简介：目的构建含有人E2F2基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因（pEGFP）的腺病毒载体,为聋病的基因治疗奠定实验基础。方法根据已知的E2F2基因序列设计并合成相应的双链DNA,将其与酶切线性化的pDC315-EGFP载体片段连接,构建穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2,并将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGlox△E1,3Cre共转染HEK293细胞,同源重组产生重组腺病毒。对重组腺病毒进行扩增、纯化及滴度测定,用聚合酶链反应和测序方法验证穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2穿梭质粒的构建;通过荧光显微镜和Westernblot（蛋白质印迹）方法,分别检测质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2和重组腺病毒表达E2F2蛋白情况。结果经聚合酶链反应鉴定和测序分析,证实穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2与设计一致;经荧光显微镜检测,分别由穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2、重组腺病毒转染的HEK293细胞均可观察到GFP表达;经WesternBlot检测出在72kDa～95kDa处有条特征带,其大小和E2F2-GFP融合蛋白（～76kDa）相吻合;滴度测定为1×1011PFU/ml（PFU,plaqueformingunit,空斑形成单位）。结论成功构建了人E2F2基因重组腺病毒载体,并能在HEK293细胞中表达。

简介：遗传性耳聋包括非综合征型耳聋non—syndromichearingimpairment，NSHI）和综合征型耳聋（syndromichearingimpairment，SHI），其中NSHI占70％，，遗传缺陷是以感音神经性聋为主，基本无其他异常；SHI占30％，临床表现除听力障碍以外还伴有其他症状和体征。迄今为止，发现400多个遗传性综合征与耳聋有关，140多个基因位点与NSHI有关，确定60多个耳聋基因。

简介：WehavedeliveredviralvectorscontainingeitherChop2fusedwithGFP,Channelrhodopsin-2(ChR2),orHalorhodopsin(HaloR)fusedwithmCherry(toformlightgatedcationchannelsorchloridepumps,respectively),intothedorsalcochlearnucleus(DCN).OnetoeighteenmonthslaterweexaminedtheCNandinferiorcolliculus(IC)forevidenceofvirallytransfectedcellsandprocesses.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasobservedthroughouttheDCN.Rhodopsinlocalizationwithinneuronswasdetermined,withelongate,fusiformandgiantcellsidentifiedbasedonmorphologyandlocationwithintheDCN.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasfoundatboththeinjectionsiteaswellasinregionsprojectingtoandfromtheDCN.LightdrivenneuronalactivityintheDCNwasdependentuponthewavelengthandintensityofthelight,withonlytheappropriatewavelengthresultinginactivationandhigherintensitylightresultinginmoreneuronalactivity.Transfectingcellsviaviraldeliveryofrhodopsinscanbeusefulasatracttracerandasaneuronalmarkertodelineatepathways.Inthefuturerhodopsindeliveryandactivationmaybedevelopedasanalternativetoelectricalstimulationofneurons.

简介：1耳科常用激光激光是继原子能、计算机以及半导体之后,人类的又一重大发明。因其前所未有的高能量、高精确性等特点,激光自发明伊始即被广泛应用于包括临床医学在内的各个领域。在耳科学领域,空间狭小、组织功能脆弱等特征使得耳科手术始终充满了挑战。近年来,随着显微设备、激光设备及手术技术的不断进步,激光技术在耳科学的应用日趋普及并取得了巨大的成功。

简介：WHO参与制定的"变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响"(AllergicRhinitisanditsImpactonAsthma,ARIA)诊疗指南自2001年在临床应用以来[1],对提高变应性鼻炎(allergicrhinitis,AR)的治疗水平以及认识上、下呼吸道的相关性起到积极

简介：MutationsinGJB2genearethemostfrequentlyfoundmutationsinpatientswithnonsyndromichearingimpairment.However,thespectrumandprevalenceofmutationsinthisgenevaryamongdifferentethnicgroups.InChina,30,000infantsarebornwithcongenitalhearingimpairmentannually.Inordertoprovideappropriategenetictestingandcounselingtothefamilies,weinvestigatedthemolecularetiologyofnonsyndromicdeafnessin103unrelatedschoolchildrenattendingNantongSchoolfortheDeafandMuteinJiangsuProvince,China.ThecodingexonoftheGJB2genewasPCRamplifiedandsequenced.SixtytwoGJB2mutantalleleswereidentifiedin35.9%(37/103)ofthepatients.Twentyfivepatientscarriedtwopathogenicmutationsand12patientscarriedonemutantallele.The235delCwasthemostcommonmutationaccountingfor69.4%(43/62)ofGJB2mutantalleles.TheGJB2mutantallelesaccountedfor30.1%(62/206)ofallchromosomesresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairment.Testingofthe3mostprevalentdeleteriousframeshiftmutationsinthiscohortdetected100%ofallGJB2mutantalleles.TheseresultsdemonstratethataneffectivegenetictestingofGJB2geneforpatientsandfamilieswithnonsyndromichearingimpairmentispossible.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigateGJB2mutationprevalencesintheUigurandHanethnicgroupsinXinjiang,China,anddeterminetherelationshipbetweenethnicityandGJB2genemutations.MethodsInformationregardingethnicityofpatients'familieswasobtainedthroughmedicalrecordsreviewand/orpatientinterview.Bloodsampleswerecollectedfrom61Uigursand66Hansfordirectsequencingofthecodingregionandintron/exonboundariesoftheGBJ2gene.ResultsCarrierfrequencyofGJB2mutationswassimilarbetweentheUigurandHansubjects.TheGJB235delGmutationwasseenonlyinUigurpatientswithhearingloss,whereasthe235delCmutationwasidentifiedinbothUigurandHanpatients.TheallelicFrequencyof35delGmutationwas7.4%(9/122)inUigurdeafstudents,butnoneinHandeafstudents(0/128)andUigurcontrols(0/196).TheallelicfrequencyofGJB2235delCmutationinUigurandHandeafstudentswas5.7%and9.8%,andthatof299-300delATmutationwas0.8%and5.5%,respectively.V27IandE114Gwerethemostfrequenttypesofpolymorphism.ConclusionWefoundanAsian-specificGJB2diversityamongUigurs,andcomparableGJB2contributiontodeafnessinUigurandHanpatients.Thehighcarrierfrequencyof35delGinUigurs(11.5%)isprobablydefinedbygenedrift/foundereffectinaparticulargroup.EventhoughGJB2mutationshavebeenwidelyreportedintheliterature,thisdiscussionrepresentsthefirstreportofGJB2mutationsinChinesemulti-ethnicpopulations.

简介：1喉癌喉咽癌CO2激光手术简史激光是20世纪60年代以来发展异常迅速的新科学技术,可以对生物组织产生强的热作用,从而实现对生物组织的切割、汽化和凝固。将激光技术应用于喉显微外科手术,

简介：目的检测不同年龄大鼠下丘α-氨基羟甲基恶唑丙酸（α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole—propionicacid，AMPA）受体亚型GluR2／3（Glutmaterecptor2／3）的分布及其与听性脑干反应（auditorybrainstemresponse，ABR）的关系。方法分别测定1，4，9，15周龄SD大鼠ABR反应阈；FITC标记免疫组化方法检测GluR2／3亚型在不同周龄SD大鼠下丘中的分布。结果1周龄SD大鼠检测不到明显的ABR波形．4周龄起能检测到稳定的ABR波形。GluR2／3在不同年龄大鼠下丘神经元中均有表达。1周龄大鼠染色较少，位于胞膜；4周龄时表达强，主要位于胞膜；9周龄时较弱，位于胞膜及胞质；15周龄时可见于胞膜及核周胞质，但胞质较强。4周龄与1、9、15周龄胞膜相比，GluR2／3亚型的表达较强，差异有显著性；1周与9周、15周龄胞膜之间．GluR2／3的表达较弱，差异无显著性。结论出生后GluR2／3在下丘的含量及分布部位均随年龄变化而变化．这种改变可能与下丘的发育相关。

简介：MutationsintheGJB2genearethemostfrequentlyfoundmutationsinpatientswithnonsyndromichearingimpairment.However,themutationspectrumandprevalenceofmutationsvaryamongdifferentethnicgroups.Everyyear,30,000babiesarebornwithcongenitalhearingimpairmentinChina.Inordertoprovideappropriategenetictestingandcounselingtothefamily,weinvestigatedthemolecularetiologyofnonsyndromicdeafnessin135unrelatedschoolchildrenattendingChifengMunicipalSpecialEducationSchoolinInnerMongolia,China.ThecodingexonoftheGJB2genewasPCRamplifiedandsequenced.Inaddition,the12SrRNAgeneandtRNAser(UCN)ofmitochondrialgenomewerescreenedformutationsresponsibleforhearingimpairment.SixtyfourGJB2mutantalleles,including60confirmedpathogenicallelesand4unclassifiedvariants,wereidentifiedin31.1%(42/135)ofthesubjects.Twentytwosubjectscarriedtwopathogenicmutationsand20subjectscarriedonemutantallele,includingonesubjectwithoneautosomaldominantmutation.The235delCwasthemostcommonmutationaccountingfor65.6%(42/64)GJB2mutantalleles.WhencomparedtootherAsianpopulations,oursubjectcohorthadhigherfrequencyof235delCmutationthantheJapanesepopulation.TheGJB2mutantallelesaccountfor23.7%(64/270)ofallchromosomesresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairment.Testingofthe4mostprevalentdeleteriousframeshiftmutations(235delC,299_300delAT,176_191del16,and560_605ins46)inthiscohortdetected90%ofallGJB2mutantalleles.TheseresultsdemonstratethateffectivegenetictestingoftheGJB2geneforpatientsandfamilieswithnonsyndromichearingimpairmentispossibleintheChinesepopulation.Sincethemostcommon309kbGJB6deletionisnotdetectedandonlyone1555A>GmutationinmitochondrialDNAisdetectedinourpatients,investigationofmutationsinothernucleargenesand/orenvironmentalfactorsresponsiblefornonsyndromichearingimpairmentintheChinesepopulationis

简介：由黄选兆，汪吉宝，孔维佳教授主编，数十位专家教授参与编撰的《实用耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学》（第2版）[原名《实用耳鼻咽喉科学》（第1版，1998）]已由人民卫生出版社于2008年1月出版，全国各地新华书店发行。全书共290余万字，较第1版增加80余万字，定价176元。

简介：目的构建6种分别携带GJB2基因错义突变A40G、V37I、L90P、L90V、V84L和W44C的真核表达载体,转染HEK293细胞,建立6种错义突变的稳定表达细胞系。方法以野生型Cx26-EGFP融合蛋白质粒为模板,用Stratagene公司定点突变试剂盒构建错义突变表达载体,直接测序鉴定序列正确性,选取含有突变的载体转染HEK293细胞,G418选择性培养2周,流式细胞仪筛选表达阳性细胞,扩增培养形成稳定表达人Cx26突变的HEK293细胞系。培养细胞用4%多聚甲醛固定,鬼笔环肽和4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚衬染细胞核,荧光显微镜下检测结果。结果6种突变表达载体经过测序,均含有相应突变,无多余突变出现,转染后均可在细胞间形成缝隙连接,呈现绿色荧光。结论成功构建6种携带GJB2基因错义突变的真核表达载体,为进一步研究错义突变致聋原因奠定了实验基础。