简介:Irradiationfromdiversesourcesisubiquitousandcloselyassociatedwithhumanactivities.Radiationtherapy(RT),animportantcomponentofmultipleradiationorigins,isacommontherapeuticmodalityforcancer.Moreimportantly,RTprovidessignificantcontributiontooncotherapybykillingtumorcells.However,duringthecourseoftherapy,irradiationofnormaltissuescanresultinawiderangeofsideeffects,includingself-limitedacutetoxicities,mildchronicsymptoms,orsevereorgandysfunction.Althoughnumerouspromisingradioprotectiveagentshaveemerged,onlyafewhavesuccessfullyenteredthemarketbecauseofvariouslimitations.Atpresent,thewidelyacceptedhypothesisforprotectionagainstradiation-causedinjuryinvolvestheWntcanonicalpathway.ActivatingtheWnt/β-cateninsignalingpathwaymayprotectthesalivarygland,oralmucosa,andgastrointestinalepitheliumfromradiationdamage.Theunderlyingmechanismsincludeinhibitingapoptosisandpreservingnormaltissuefunctions.However,aberrantWntsignalingunderliesawiderangeofpathologiesinhumans,anditsvariouscomponentscontributetocancer.Moreover,studieshavesuggestedthatWnt/β-cateninsignalingmayleadtoradioresistanceofcancerstemcell.ThesefactsmarkedlycomplicateanydefinitionoftheexactfunctionoftheWntpathway.
简介:Somaticstemcells(SSCs),beingessentialinmaintaininghomeostasisofnormaltissue,replenishdyingcellsandregeneratedamagedtissuesfororganism.Ontheotherhand,withtheself-renewedability,SSCsareidealcellulartargetstobeacquiredinmultiplemutationstransformingSSCstocancerstemcells(CSCs)whichcausemalignanciesandevenrecurrenceaftercancertreatmentifCSCsfailtobeeradicated(1).OneyearafterDrs.JohnB.GurdonandShinyaYamanakasharedthe2012NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefortheirdiscoverythatmaturecellscanbereprogrammedtobecome
简介:Thymidinephosphorylase(TP)isakeyenzymethatcontributestothecompositionanddecompositionofpyrimidinenucleotides.TPseemshomologoustoplatelet-derivedendothelialcellgrowthfactor,anditseffectsoninducingvascularizationandanti-apoptosisarecloselyrelatedtogrowthandmetastasisofcolorectalcarcinoma.Inaddition,TPisakeyenzymethatcatalyzesthetransformationfrom5-fluorouracil(FU)prodrugsof5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine(5′-DFUR)to5-FU.TheactivityofTPiscloselyrelatedtothesensitivityofcolorectalcarcinomacellstofluorouracildrugsandtargetedtherapy.GiventheimportantfunctionsofTPingrowth,metastasis,tumortreatment,andprognosis,determiningitsexpressionmechanismissignificant.ThisarticlesummarizestheresearchdevelopmentofTPexpressionincolorectalcarcinoma,tumorneovascularization,cytotoxicityactivationof5′-DFUR,andcolorectalcarcinomatherapy.
简介:Epilepsyisacommonneurologicaldisorder,anditselectrophysiologycharacteristicisabnormallyhighexcitabilityandsynchronizationoftheneuralactivity.Thispaperfocusesonthestudyofmedialtemporallobeepilepsywithhippocampalsclerosis.Thehippocampusplaysanimportantroleinshort-termmemory.However,littleisknownabouttheconnectivitybetweenhippocampalstructuresandadjacentbrainregions.Thefunctionalandstructuralconnectivitybetweenpatientsandcontrolswasinvestigatedbyusingthetechniquesoffunctionalmagneticresonanceimaginganddiffusiontensorimaginginthepaper.ThreepairsofROIsrelatedtoworkingmemoryfromBOLD-fMRIdatawerechosen.TheseROIswereregistratedfromMNIspacetoindividualspaceandthefiberbundlebetweentwoROIsweretracedintheDTIimages.TheresultsshowthatthenumberoffiberbundleofpatientsreduceamongtheseROIs,suchaslefthippocampusandrighthippocampus,lefthippocampusandleftthalamus,lefthippocampusandleftfrontallobeandsoon.AndthenumberoffiberbundleofpatientsincreaseamongtheseROIs,suchasleftthalamusandrightthalamus,righthippocampusandrightthalamus.AndtheFAvaluesofthefiberbundlesofpatientsinsomeregionsrelatedtolefthippocampusdecrease.Thecauseofabnormalfunctionalandstructuralconnectionsduetothedamageofhippocampusinmedialtemporallobeepilepsyisstudiedfromanewperspective.
简介:Cancergenomicsisarapidlygrowingdisciplineinwhichthegeneticmolecularbasisofmalignancyisstudiedatthescaleofwholegenomes.Whilethedisciplinehasbeensuccessfulwithrespecttoidentifyingspecificoncogenesandtumorsuppressorsinvolvedinoncogenesis,itisalsochallengingourapproachtomanagingpatientssufferingfromthisdeadlydisease.Specificallycancergenomicsisdrivingclinicaloncologytotakeamoremolecularapproachtodiagnosis,prognostication,andtreatmentselection.Wereviewhererecentworkundertakenincancergenomicswithanemphasisontranslationofgenomicfindings.Finally,wediscussscientificchallengesandresearchopportunitiesemergingfromfindingsderivedthroughanalysisoftumorswithhigh-depthsequencing.