简介:LocatedontheDaxing'anlingforestregionofChina'sfrontier,theDaxing'anlingForestryGroupCo.isoneofthe500nationallargesizeenterprisegroupswithatotalmanagementareaof8.225millionha.Thereare10forestrybureausunderitsjurisdiction,93000in-servicestaffandapopulationof358000.Thenetvalueoffixedassetis3.58billionyuan,Accumulativetotaloutputoftimberhasamountedto110millionm3duringthepast38years.ItsprofitsandtaxturnedovertotheStatehast...
简介:从1999年8至10月,2000年的4至6月,2002年8月至2003年9月,在平均树高为26米的长白山阔叶红松林内,用红外气体分析仪(2250D,LI-CORInc.和LI-COR,820)测定了不同高度的二氧化碳浓度。根据测定的数据,分析了阔叶红松林二氧化碳廓线的日变化和季节变化动态。结果表明:CO2浓度的垂直分布在白天和夜间是不同的,在接近地面处CO2浓度始终最大。从季节CO2廓线看出,在植物生长季节林冠处CO2浓度有明显的成层现象,不同高度(60~2.5m)的CO2浓度3月份变化较小差值为10mmol穖ol-1,而在7月份变化较大,差值为60mmol穖ol-1。7月份林冠处(22,26,32m)CO2浓度梯度较大,浓度差为8mmol穖ol-1。计算位于涡度相关仪器之下的40米高空气柱中CO2贮存状况表明,年际贮存是负值,但对NEE的贡献很小。图4参11。
简介:Co-managementisanewmanagingpatternofthedevelopmentofnaturereserve.Itrelievestheconflictsofresourceutilizationbetweennaturereserveandcommunity,encouragesvillagerstoparticipateintheprotectionofnaturereservebio-diversity,attemptstoimprovetheconditionsofcommunityproductionandliving,andelevatesthelivings
简介:Co,Ni,CrandVin25typicalsoilsofChinawerefractionatedintoexchangeable,carbonatebound(calcareoussoils),Mnoxidebound,organicallybound,amorphousFeoxidebound,crystallineFeoxideboundandresidualformsusingaseven-stepsequentialextractionprocedure,soastostudythedistributionofchemicalformsofthesemetalsaswellastheeffectsofsoilproipertiesonthedistribution.TheresultsshowedthatmostofsoilCo,Ni,CrandVwerepresentinresidualforms,andthedistributionratioaveraged48.2%forCo,53.0%forNi,81.5%forCrand68.7%forV.Thespeciationofheavymetalswasgreatlyinfluencedbysoilphysico-chemicalpropertiesandthechemistryofelements.Theresultsalsoindicatedthattherecoveryofmetalelementsbythesequentialextractionprocedurewassatisfactory,withtherelativedifferencebetweenthesumofsevenformsandthetotalcontentinsoilsaveraging9.5%forCo,12.8%forNi,6.6%forCrand7.2%forV.
简介:ForestmanagementisexpectedtoinfluencesoilCO2efflux(FCO2)asaresultofchangesinmicroenvironmentalconditions,soilmicroclimate,androotdynamics.SoilFCO2ratewasmeasuredduringthegrowingseasonof2006inboththinningandnon-thinninglocationswithinstandsrangingfrom0to8yearsafterthemostrecentthinninginChinesefir(Cunninghamialanceolata(Lamb.)Hook)plantationsinHuitongEcosystemResearchStation,Hunan,China.SoiltemperatureandmoisturewerealsomeasuredtoexaminerelationshipsbetweenFCO2andsoilproperties.ForestthinningresultedinhugechangesinFCO2thatvariedwithtimesincecutting.Immediatelyfollowingharvest(year0)FCO2inthinningareaincreasedbyabout30%,declinedto20%–27%belowpre-cuttinglevelsduringyears4–6,andrecoveredtopre-cuttinglevelsat8yearspost-cutting.Asimilartemporalpattern,butwithsmallerchanges,wasfoundinnon-thinninglocations.TheinitialincreaseinFCO2couldbeattributedtoacombinationofrootdecay,soildisturbance,andincreasedsoiltemperatureingaps,whilethesubsequentdecreaseandrecoverytothedeathandgradualregrowthofactiveroots.StrongeffectsofsoiltemperatureandsoilwatercontentonFCO2werefound.ForestthinningmainlyinfluencedFCO2throughchangesintreerootrespiration,andthenetresultwasadecreaseinintegratedFCO2fluxthroughtheentirefellingcycle.
简介:从土壤表面的二氧化碳(CO2)的流动在陆上的生态系统介绍碳(C)周期的一个重要部件并且被很多个关於生命、不能生活的因素控制。以便更好在副热带的森林里理解土壤CO2流动(FCO2)的特征,土壤FCO2率在五种邻近的森林类型被确定(樟脑树森林,马森松森林,混合樟脑树和马森消瘦森林,中国香甜的口香糖森林,并且猛砍松森林)在在长沙的Tianjiling国家公园,湖南省在副热带的中国,从1月到2010年12月。土壤温度(Tsoil)的影响,容量的土壤浇内容(土壤),玷污pH,玷污器官的碳(SOC)并且玷污土壤FCO2率上的C/nitrogen(N)比率也被调查。年度吝啬的土壤FCO2率与森林类型变化了。土壤FCO2率在樟脑树森林里是最高的(3.53瑮楲畢楴湯?潴琠敨猠楯??中?湡?桴瑡倠?灡汰捩瑡潩?污潳愠捣汥牥瑡摥???牴湡晳牯慭楴湯椠?潳汩猠飼?飼吗??
简介:Aridsoilswherewaterandnutrientsarescarceoccupyover30%oftheEarth’stotalsurface.However,themicrobialautotrophyintheharshenvironmentsremainslargelyunexplored.Inthisstudy,theabundanceanddiversityofautotrophicbacteriawereinvestigated,byquantifyingandprofilingthelargesubunitgenesofribulose-1,5-bisphosphatecarboxylase/oxygenase(RuBisCO)formI(cbbL)responsibleforCO2fixation,inthearidsoilsunderthreetypicalplanttypes(Haloxylonammodendron,Cleistogeneschinensis,andReaumuriasoongorica)inNorthwestChina.Thebacterialcommunitiesinthesoilswerealsocharacterizedusingthe16SrRNAgene.Abundanceofred-likeautotrophicbacteriarangedfrom3.94×105to1.51×106copiesg-1drysoilandthoseofgreen-likeautotrophicbacteriarangedfrom1.15×106to2.08×106copiesg-1drysoil.Abundanceofbothred-andgreen-likeautotrophicbacteriadidnotsignificantlydifferamongthesoilsunderdifferentplanttypes.TheautotrophicbacteriaidentifiedwiththecbbLgeneprimerweremainlyaffiliatedwithAlphaproteobacteria,Betaproteobacteriaandanunculturedbacterialgroup,whichwerenotdetectedinthe16SrRNAlibrary.Inaddition,25.9%and8.1%ofthe16SrRNAgeneswereaffiliatedwithCyanobacteriainthesoilsunderH.ammodendronandR.soongorica,respectively.However,noCyanobacteria-affiliatedcbbLgenesweredetectedinthesamesoils.TheresultssuggestedthatmicrobialautotrophicCO2fixationmightbesignificantinthecarboncyclingofaridsoils,whichwarrantsfurtherexploration.
简介:TheimpactsofelevatedtemperatureandCO2onyoungsilverbirch(BetulapendulaRoth)saplingsafter0,25,50or75%artificialdefoliationwereassessedbymeasuringplantheightanddrymassofabovegroundcompartmentsandrootsandvariousmorphologicalandphysiologicalvariables.Defoliationeitherincreasedordecreasedplantgrowthdependingontheseverityofdamageandtheclimatictreatment.At21Cand400mgL-1CO2,defoliatedplantswerenotabletocompensateforthelostfoliage,butgrowthcompensationandadaptationtothechangedconditionsweregreater;growthofyoungdefoliatedsilverbirchsaplingsincreased,whichledtoincreasedheightandatendencytoenhancefinalabovegroundandrootbiomassandleafnitrogenandcarboncontentcomparedtothenondefoliatedcontrols.Nevertheless,theshort-termeffectofthedifferentclimaticconditionsdidnotresultinasignificantovergrowthofdefoliatedplants.AslightincreaseintemperatureandCO2werethemostacceptableconditionsfordefoliatedplants;however,a4CincreasewithcorrespondinglyhigherCO2wasmorestressfulasshownbylessgrowthinheightandbiomassallocationtoleaves,stemsandroots.Thefindingsfromthepilotexperimentaremoreapplicabletoyoungbirchtrees,butstressonyoungtreesmaybereflectedinfuturetreegrowth.
简介:Biochar是生物资源热分解获得并且考虑了碳隐遁的一个平均数的一个充满碳的产品。在这研究,从食物与农业科学的学院的农场的沙的石灰质的土壤,绍德国王大学,沙特阿拉伯,与也被修改Conocarpus直立的L的木质的废物。(CW)或biochar(BC)以0的率(控制)从CW生产了,10,30和50gkg−1。土壤pH,溶解的器官的碳(文档),微生物引起的生物资源碳(MBC),公司2排放和新陈代谢的商上的修正案的效果(沙的石灰质的土壤的qCO2)在一个60-d孵化实验被学习。结果证明CW的增加与控制和BC的增加相比在土壤pH导致了重要减少。公司2-C排放率比孵化时间什么时候进行在孵化的开始几天内是更高的。特别以更高的率,从与CW修改的土壤的累积公司2-C排放更高(近似到6褶层的3-)与BC从控制和土壤比那修改了。修改BC的土壤证明因为与非修改的土壤,而是累积公司2-C的增加相比排放不在孵化的60d以后是重要的,公司2-C排放的重要增加在孵化的第一天期间评价。在另一方面,CW应用比控制和BC应用导致了更加更高累积的公司2-C排放,MBC和文档。与0白天的异常(在孵化的1h以后),导致的CW和BC应用程序作为与控制相比降低qCO2的值。力量功能运动模型令人满意地描述了累积公司2-C排放。通常,公司2排放的最低价值与BC在土壤被观察,建议到公司2排放的BC的贡献作为与CW的相比很小。
简介:Background:Thispaperexploredthelong-term,ceteris-paribuseffectsofpotentialCO,fertilizationontheglobalforestsector.BasedonthefindingsofNorbyetal.(PNAS2005,102(50))aboutforestresponsetoelevated[CO_2].Methods:ForestproductivitywasincreasedintheGlobalForestProductsModel(GFPM)inproportiontotherising[CO.,]projectedintheIPCCscenarioA1B,A2,andB2.Projectionsoftheforestareaandforeststockandoftheproduction,consumption,prices,andtradeofproductsrangingfromfuelwoodtopaperandpaperboardwereobtainedwiththeGFPMforeachscenario,withandwithoutCO_2fertilizationbeginningin2011andupto2065.Results:C02fertilizationincreasedwoodsupply,leadingtolowerwoodpriceswhichinturninducedmodestlowerpricesofendproductsandhigherglobalconsumption.However,productionandvalueaddedinindustriesdecreasedinsomeregionsduetotherelativecompetitiveadvantagesandtothevaryingregionaleffectsofCO_2fertilization.Conclusion:ThemaineffectofCO,fertilizationwastoraisetheleveloftheworldforeststockin2065by9to10%forscenariosA2andB2andby20%forscenarioA1B.Theriseinforeststockinducedbyfertilizationwasinpartcounteractedbyitsstimulationofthewoodsupplywhichresultedinlowerwoodpricesandincreasedharvests.
简介:Anopen-topchamberexperimentwasconductedattheUniversityofMichiganBiologicalStationnearPellston,Michigan,USA,tostudytheeffectsofsoilfertilityandCO2onleaf,stemandrootdarkrespiration(Rd)ofPopulustremuloides.Overall,area-baseddaytimeleafRd(Rda)wassignificantlygreateratelevatedthanatambientCO2inhigh-fertilitysoil,butnotinlow-fertilitysoil.Mass-basedleafRd(Rdm)wasoverallgreaterforhigh-thanforlow-fertilitysoilgrowntreesatelevated,butnotatambientCO2.NighttimeleafRdaandRdmwereunaffectedbysoilfertilityorCO2,norwasstemRda,whichrangedfrom1.0to1.4μmolm-2s-1inthespringand3.5to4.5μmolm-2s-1inthesummer.RootRdawassignificantlyhigherinhigh-thaninlow-fertilitysoil,butwasunaffectedbyCO2.SincebiomassproductionofP.tremuloideswillbesignificantlygreateratelevatedCO2whilespecificRdwilleitherincreaseorremainunchanged,wepredictthatcarbonlosstotheatmospherethroughrespirationfromthisecologicallyimportantspecieswouldincreaseathigherCO2.SoilfertilitywouldalsointeractwithelevatedCO2inaffectingthecarbonflowintheplant-soil-airsystem.