简介：Westudyanonlinearlosslesspolarizer(NLP),afiber-baseddeviceabletocontrolthepolarizationofanopticalsignalwhilepreservingitsenergy.TheNLPexploitsthelosslesspolarizationattraction(LPA)generatedbytheKerrinteractionsbetweenthesignalandafullypolarizedcontinuouswave(CW)pump.Byemployingacopropagatingpump,weshowthattheeffectivenessofLPAdependsonthejointactionoftheKerrnonlinearityandthemutualdelaybetweensignalandpump.WefindtheoptimalpumpwavelengthplacementanddemonstratethattrueLPAoccursonlywithinalimitedrangeofdelayvalues.Thus,weexplainwhythecopropagatingNLPismoreflexibleandpowerefficientcomparedwiththetraditionalcounterpropagatingNLP.

简介：所有液体动态方程在他们的当模特儿的规模下面是有效的，意味着免费路径例如粒子并且意味着Boltzmann方程的碰撞时间规模和NavierStokes(NS)方程的水动力学规模。当前的计算液体动力学(CFD)集中于部分微分方程(PDE)的数字答案，并且它的目的是得到这些管理方程的精确答案。在如此的一个CFD惯例下面，它是难的开发盖住流动物理从的一个统一计划对水动力学运动因为没有能用Boltzmann做光滑的转变到当模特儿的NS的如此的管理方程，连续地可伸缩。液体动力学的学习需要超出传统的数字部分微分方程。出现设计应用程序，例如为近空间的飞行和流动和热转移在的空气车辆设计微设备，确实要求煤气的动力学的概念的进一步的扩大到物理现实，而非传统的可区分的管理方程的更大的域。在当前的阶段，非平衡流动物理很好还没由于适当工具的缺乏被探索了或清楚地理解。不幸地在当前的数字PDE途径下面，它是难的由于有效PDE的缺席开发如此的一个有意义的工具。以便多尺度的构造和类似于构造管理方程的Boltzmann或NS的当模特儿的过程的multiphysics模拟方法，一个数字算法的发展应该基于物理建模的第一个原则。在这份报纸，而不是跟随传统的数字PDE路径，我们介绍为CFD算法开发的作为一个原则的直接建模。因为所有计算与有限房间分辨率在一个discretized空格被进行，要当模特儿的流动物理不得不在网孔尺寸和时间步骤规模被做。这里，CFD是差不多分离数字进化方程的直接构造，在网孔尺寸和时间步骤将玩的地方，在建模的动态角色处理。与在网孔之间的比率的变化，尺寸和本地粒子意味着免费路径，从到水动力学波浪繁殖的运动粒子运输和碰撞的计划愿望俘获流动物理。基于直接建模，流动运动的连续动力学�

简介：Cytoskeletonisanetworkoffilamentousproteins,suchasactinfilamentsandmicrotubules.Weproposeacontinuumcooperativehydrolysismodelwhichpossessesexactlyanalyticalsolutiontodescribethedynamicsoffilament.Theresultsshowthatthecooperativityleadstononnegative-exponentialdistributionofT(ATPorGTP)subunits.Asanapplication,weinvestigatethetreadmillingphenomenonusingourmodel.Itisshownthatthecooperativityremarkablyaffectsthelengthoffilament.

简介：TopographyaroundtheYellowRivermouthhaschangedgreatlyinrecentyears,butstudiesonthecurrentstateofma-rinedynamicsofftheYellowRivermoutharerelativelyscarce.Thispaperusesatwo-dimensionnumericalmodel(MIKE21)torevealthetidalandwavedynamicsin2012,andconductscomparativeanalysisofthechangesfrom1996to2012.TheresultsshowthatM2amphidromicpointmovedsoutheastwardby11km.ItfurtherrevealsthatthetidesaroundtheYellowRivermoutharerelativelystableduetothesmallvariationsinthetidalconstituents.Overthestudyperiod,thereisnonoticeablechangeinthedistributionoftidaltypesandtidalrange,andthemeantidalrangeofftherivermouthduringtheperiodstudiedis0.5–1.1m.However,thetidalcurrentschangedgreatlyduetolargechangeintopography.Itisobservedthattheareawithstrongtidalcurrentsshiftedfromtheoldrivermouth(1976–1996)tothemodernrivermouth(1996–present).Whilethetidalcurrentspeedsdecreasedcontinuallyofftheoldrivermouth,theyincreasedoffthemodernrivermouth.TheMaximumTidalCurrentSpeed(MTCS)reached1.4ms-1,andthemaximumcurrentspeedof50-yearreturnperiodreached2.8ms-1.Wavesalsochangedgreatlyduetochangeintopography.Thesignificantwaveheight(H1/3)of50-yearreturnperiodchangedproportionatelywiththewaterdepth,andtheratioofH1/3todepthbeing0.4–0.6.H1/3ofthe50-yearreturnperiodinerosionzoneincreasedcontinuallywithincreasingwaterdepth,andtherateofchangevariedbetween0.06and0.07myr-1.Basedontheresultsofthisstudy,weinferthatinthefuture,themodernrivermouthwillprotrudegraduallynorthward,whiletheerosionzone,comprisingtheoldrivermouthandareabetweenthemodernrivermouthandtheoldrivermouth(Intermediateregion)willcontinuetoerode.Asthemodernrivermouthprotrudestowardsthesea,therewillbeagradualincreaseinthecurrentspeedanddecreaseinwaveheight.Conversely,theold

简介：平常的微分方程颂诗广泛地被使用确定HIV病毒的动力学。从吵闹的数据估计颂诗参数有趣却挑战性，特别数据有一些孤立点。在这研究，作者使用吝啬的移动孤立点模型MSOM基于颂诗的二拍子的圆舞评价在HIV模型检测孤立点。为移动参数的近似公式被导出。而且，20个测试统计数值被构造，它的接近的分发被建立。模拟结果显示出那：1边界点相对内部点在参数评价上有更多的影响。2建议过程能有效地检测孤立点。作者从HIV临床的试用用一个申请例子说明建议途径并且发现到模拟的类似的模式学习。

简介：连结积极反馈环，生物化学的系统的一块重要积木，能导致双稳态的切换，导致长持续的状态由简短刺激变化。在这个工作，在二种之间的流行相互的激活作为另一积极反馈被加到从许多现实主义的生物电路发源的一个通用连结positive-feedback-loop模型。积极反馈力量的一个随机的变化在反馈力量的双稳态的间隔被介绍，并且bistability在某个噪音水平为中等反馈力量出现。稳定性分析进一步基于势能风景被利用探索二个稳定的稳定的状态的导致噪音的切换行为。

简介：Ballisticthermalresistanceofgraphenenano-junctionsisinvestigatedusingnon-equilibriummoleculardynamicssimulation.Thesimulationsystemisconsistedoftwosymmetricaltrapezoidalorrectangulargraphenenanoribbons(GNRs)andaconnectingnanoscaleconstrictioninbetween.Fromthesimulatedtemperatureprofile,abigtemperaturejumpresultedfromtheconstrictionisfound,whichisproportionaltotheheatcurrentandcorrespondstoalocalballisticthermalresistance.FixingtheconstrictionwidthandthelengthofGNRs,thisballisticthermalresistanceisindependentofthewidthoftheGNRsbottomlayer,i.e.,theconvexangle.Butinterestingly,thisthermalresistancehasobvioussizeeffect.Itisinverselyproportionaltotheconstrictionwidthandwilldisappearwiththeconstrictionbeingwider.Moreover,basedonthephonondynamicstheory,atheoreticalmodeloftheballisticthermalresistanceintwo-dimensionalnano-systemsisdeveloped,whichgivesagoodexplanationonmicrocosmiclevelandagreeswellwiththesimulationresultquantitativelyandqualitatively.

简介：一种amphiphilic功能的单体被选择修改polyacrylamide(PAM)或部分hydrolyzedpolyacrylamide(HPAM)。修改polyacrylamide(HM-PAM)的相对性质并且部分修改了象旋转的半径那样的hydrolyzedpolyacrylamide(HM-HPAM)(Rg),水动力学半径(RH),和光线的分发功能(RDF)是学习了与从1%～4%改变修改单体的数量发现在聚合物链和内在的粘性的微观结构之间的内在的关系。当修改单体的百分比是2%并且当时，有更强壮的盐忍耐时，模拟结果证明与HPAM相比，HM-HPAM在增加粘性有更好的表演修改单体是4%。而且，复杂的氢结合的网络与光线的分发函数(RDF)的分析被揭示，对关联函数被用来调查Na的扩散性在COO的+和碳原子组。

简介：在运输的现代模式的出现前，传统的道路基础结构是执行全国社会经济的交换的主要历史的工具。然而，运输基础结构的历史几乎没从研究人员收到很少注意。给这个背景，这里报导的工作在中国检验了运输网络的长期的开发。国家道路网络为学习被选择，到1900广告的从1600BC的3500年被选择为学习时期。指示物为道路网络的成熟水平被设计，一个可接近性模型为最短的距离的路径被开发。自从商王朝(1600BC)，在中国的道路网络的进化被描述，它的主要特征被总结揭示长期的整齐。道路网络和它的可接近性的成熟水平被估计，有好、差的网络的区域被识别。在瓷器自然、社会、经济的系统和道路网络之间的关系被讨论。我们的分析证明在中国的道路网络有很多长期的整齐。连续地膨胀的道路网络特别向边阶区域跟随内陆扩大的一条路径。然而，它的范围和可接近性被一种核心外设配置描绘，它有结束与的关系，不是仅仅自然条件，而且国家防卫和战争。国家力量，国家陆地统治，邮政运输，专业化货物的运输，和国际贸易的集中化也与道路网络的发展有关。这研究引起注意到运输网络的演变整齐。

简介：Background:Forestmanagementfacesaclimateinducedshiftingrowthpotentialandincreasingcurrentandemergingnewrisks.Vulnerabilityanalysisprovidesdecisionsupportbasedonprojectionsofnaturalresourcestakingrisksanduncertaintiesintoaccount.Inthispaperwe(1)characterizedifferencesinforestdynamicsunderthreemanagementscenarios,(2)analysetheeffectsofthethreescenariosontworiskfactors,windthrowanddroughtstress,and(3)quantifytheeffectsandtheamountofuncertaintyarisingfromclimateprojectionsonheightincrementanddroughtstress.Methods:InfourregionsinnorthernGermany,weapplythreecontrastingmanagementscenariosandprojectforestdevelopmentunderclimatechangeuntil2070.Threeclimateruns(minimum,median,maximum)basedontheemissionscenarioRCP8.5controlthesite-sensitiveforestgrowthfunctions.Theminimumandmaximumclimaterundefinetherangeofprospectiveclimatedevelopment.Results:Theprojectionsofdifferentmanagementregimesuntil2070showthedivergingmedium-termeffectsofthinningsandharvestsandlong-termeffectsofspeciesconversiononaregionalscale.Examplesofwindthrowvulnerabilityanddroughtstressrevealhowadaptationmeasuresdependontheappliedmanagementpathandthedecision-maker’sriskattitude.Uncertaintyanalysisshowstheincreasingvariabilityofdroughtriskprojectionswithtime.Theeffectofclimateprojectionsonheightgrowtharequantifiedanduncertaintyanalysisrevealsthatheightgrowthofyoungtreesisdominatedbytheage-trendwhereastheclimatesignalinheightincrementofoldertreesisdecisive.Conclusions:Droughtriskisaseriousissueintheeasternregionsindependentoftheappliedsilviculturalscenario,butadaptationmeasuresarelimitedastheproportionofthemostdroughttolerantspeciesScotspineisalreadyhigh.Windthrowriskisnoseriousoverallthreatinanyregion,butadequatecounter-measuressuchasspeciesconversion,speciesmixtureorreductiono

简介：

简介：Background:Coarsewoodydebris(CWD)isanimportantelementofforeststructurethatneedstobeconsideredwhenmanagingforestsforbiodiversity,carbonstorageorbioenergy.Tomanageiteffectively,dynamicsofCWDdecompositionshouldbeknown.Methods:Usingachronosequenceapproach,weassessedthedecompositionratesofdownedCWDofFagussylvatica,PiceaabiesandPinussylvestris,whichwassampledfromthreedifferentyearsoftreefallandthreedifferentinitialdiameterclasses(>10–≤20cm,>20–≤40cm,>40cm).Samplesoriginatingfromwindthrowsin1999werecollectedalongatemperatureandprecipitationgradient.Basedonthedecayclassandassociatedwooddensities,logvolumeswereconvertedintoCWDmassandCcontent.Logfragmentationwasassessedoveroneyearforlogsegmentsofintermediatediameters(>20–40cm)after8and18yearsofdecomposition.Results:Significantlyhigherdecompositionconstants(k)werefoundinlogsofF.sylvatica(0.054year~(-1))thaninP.abies(0.033year~(-1))andP.sylvestris(0.032year~(-1)).However,masslossofP.sylvestrisoccurredmainlyinsapwoodandhencekforthewholewoodmaybeoverestimated.DecompositionratesgenerallydecreasedwithincreasinglogdiameterclassexceptforsmallerdimensionsinP.abies.About74%ofthevariationinmassremainingcouldbeexplainedbydecompositiontime(27%),treespecies(11%),diameter(17%),theinteractiveeffectsbetweentreespeciesanddiameter(4%)aswellasbetweendecompositiontimeandtreespecies(3%)andarandomfactor(siteandtree;9.5%),whereastemperatureexplainedonly2%.Woodfragmentationmayplayamoreimportantrolethanpreviouslythought.Here,between14%and30%ofthedecompositionrates(forthefirst18years)wereattributabletothisprocess.Carbon(C)density(mgC·cm~(-3)),whichwasinitiallyhighestforF.sylvatica,followedbyP.sylvestrisandP.abies,decreasedwithincreasingdecaystagetosimilarvaluesforallspecies.Conclusions:Theapparentlackofclimateeffectsondecompo

简介：WetheoreticallyinvestigatetheenergybandstructureandJosephsondynamicsofaspin-orbitcoupledBose–Einsteincondensateinadouble-wellpotential.WestudytheenergybandstructureandthecorrespondingtunnelingdynamicsofthesystembyproperlyadjustingtheSOcoupling,Ramancoupling,Zeemanfieldandatomicinteractions.ThecoupledeffectsofSOcoupling,Ramancoupling,Zeemanfieldandatomicinteractionsleadtotheappearanceofcomplexenergybandstructureincludingtheloopstructure.Particularly,theemergenceoftheloopstructureinenergybandalsodependsonSOcoupling,Ramancoupling,Zeemanfieldandatomicinteractions.Correspondingly,theJosephsondynamicsofthesystemarestronglyrelatedtotheenergybandstructure.Especially,theemergenceoftheloopstructureresultsincomplextunnelingdynamics,includingsuppression-revivaltransitionsandself-trappingofatomstransferbetweentwospinstatesandtwowells.Thisengineeringprovidesapossiblemeansforstudyingenergylevelandcorrespondingdynamicsoftwo-speciesSOcoupledBECs.

简介：我们为Davey-Stewartson系统学习发作答案(D-S系统，为短)在L<潜水艇class=“a-plus-plus”>x<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>2(<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>2)。首先，我们给D-S系统的解决方案的非线性的侧面分解。然后，我们证明最小的集体发作答案的存在。由使用最小的集体发作答案的特征，最后，我们获得限制侧面和L的精确集体的集中<啜class=“a-plus-plus”>D-S系统的2个发作解决方案。

简介：Redbloodcells(RBC)’flickeringpresentthedynamicpropertiesofthecytomembrane.Itscomplexitycouldbeusedforaginganalysisortheevaluationforthestoragequality.Theflickeringactivityisakindofreversibleperpendicularmotionofthespecifiedpixel.Therefore,thecomplexityanalysisdependsonthereliabledetectionoftemporalvariationforthegray-scalevaluesfromeachpixelofthecells.Inthispaper,weimprovedourpreviousworkonthescreeningofthehorizontaldriftedcellswithasurfacebasedoncellregistrationmethodandtheeffectofGSMexposuretothedynamicpropertiesoftheRBCsintermsofmulti-scalesampleentropywaspresentedinthepaper.

简介：

简介：Thediscreteiterativemapmodelofpeakcurrent-modecontrolledbuckconverterwithconstantcurrentload(CCL),containingtheoutputvoltagefeedbackandrampcompensation,isestablishedinthispaper.BasedonthismodelthecomplexdynamicsofthisconverterisinvestigatedbyanalyzingbifurcationdiagramsandtheLyapunovexponentspectrum.Theeffectsoframpcompensationandoutputvoltagefeedbackonthestabilityoftheconverterareinvestigated.Experimentalresultsverifythesimulationandtheoreticalanalysis.Thestabilityboundaryandchaosboundaryareobtainedunderthetheoreticalconditionsofperiod-doublingbifurcationandbordercollision.Itisfoundthattherearefouroperationregionsinthepeakcurrent-modecontrolledbuckconverterwithCCLduetoperiod-doublingbifurcationandborder-collisionbifurcation.Researchresultsindicatethatrampcompensationcanextendthestableoperationrangeandtransfertheoperatingmode,andoutputvoltagefeedbackcaneventuallyeliminatethecoexistingfast-slowscaleinstability.

简介：

简介：Athoroughunderstandingonthemechanicalpropertiesofcarbonnanotube(CNT)isessentialinextendingtheadvancedapplicationsofCNTbasedsystems.However,conductingexperimentstoestimatemechanicalpropertiesatthisscaleisextremelychallenging.Therefore,developmentofmechanisticmodelstoestimatethemechanicalpropertiesofCNTsalongwiththeintegrationofexistingcontinuummechanicsconceptsiscriticallyimportant.ThispaperpresentsacomprehensivemoleculardynamicssimulationstudyonthesizedependencyandpotentialfunctioninfluenceofmechanicalpropertiesofCNT.Commonlyusedreactivebondorder(REBO)andadaptiveintermolecularreactivebondorder(AIREBO)potentialfunctionswereconsideredinthisregard.Young'smodulusandshearmodulusofCNTsarederivedbyintegratingclassicalcontinuummechanicsconceptswithmoleculardynamicssimulations.TheresultsindicatethatthepotentialfunctionhasasignificantinfluenceontheestimatedmechanicalpropertiesofCNTs,andtheinfluenceofpotentialfieldismuchhigherwhenstudyingthetorsionalbehaviourofCNTsthanthetensilebehaviour.

简介：Biochar是生物资源热分解获得并且考虑了碳隐遁的一个平均数的一个充满碳的产品。在这研究，从食物与农业科学的学院的农场的沙的石灰质的土壤，绍德国王大学，沙特阿拉伯，与也被修改Conocarpus直立的L的木质的废物。(CW)或biochar(BC)以0的率(控制)从CW生产了，10，30和50gkg−1。土壤pH，溶解的器官的碳(文档)，微生物引起的生物资源碳(MBC)，公司2排放和新陈代谢的商上的修正案的效果(沙的石灰质的土壤的qCO2)在一个60-d孵化实验被学习。结果证明CW的增加与控制和BC的增加相比在土壤pH导致了重要减少。公司2-C排放率比孵化时间什么时候进行在孵化的开始几天内是更高的。特别以更高的率，从与CW修改的土壤的累积公司2-C排放更高(近似到6褶层的3-)与BC从控制和土壤比那修改了。修改BC的土壤证明因为与非修改的土壤，而是累积公司2-C的增加相比排放不在孵化的60d以后是重要的，公司2-C排放的重要增加在孵化的第一天期间评价。在另一方面，CW应用比控制和BC应用导致了更加更高累积的公司2-C排放，MBC和文档。与0白天的异常(在孵化的1h以后)，导致的CW和BC应用程序作为与控制相比降低qCO2的值。力量功能运动模型令人满意地描述了累积公司2-C排放。通常，公司2排放的最低价值与BC在土壤被观察，建议到公司2排放的BC的贡献作为与CW的相比很小。