简介：Inrecentyears,manyseriousforestfiresoccurredinpreciousPinuspumilaforestsinDaxing'anlingMountainsofHeilongjiangProvinceandInnerMongolia.Butuptonow,thereisstillalackofproperunderstandingoffireoccurrenceenvironmentsinP.pumilaforests.Inpresentpaper,weinvestigatedandstudiedthefireoccurrenceenvironments.TheresultsshowedthatfiresinP.pumilaforestshadtheirownspecialfireenvironments.Abundantfuel,droughtweather,drythunderandhighaltitudeterrai...

简介：Growthmodelisanefficientwaytostudygrowingprocessofsomefactorsofplantsquantitatively.HeightgrowthofKoreanpine(Pinuskoraiensis)wasstudiedbyusingHyperbolaequation,Logisticequation,Richardsequationwiththreeparameters,andRichardsequationwithfourparametersinthispaper.TheresultsshowedthatRichardsequationwithfourparameterswasthemostsuitableandcouldbeturnedintoothertheoreticalequationswhensomeparametersweregivendifferentvalue.ThemaximumheightoftreescouldbegiveninadvancewhenusingRichardsequationwithfourparameters,anditwasevenmorecorrespondingtoreality.Inaddition,aheightgrowthmodelwithrealheightoffixedageasaparameterwasdiscussedinthispaper.Thiskindofgrowthmodelcouldbeusedtocalculateheightgrowthofagiventreeeffectively.

简介：AdistributionmapofPinusyunnanensiswasmadeaccordingtothedataongeographicaldistributionofP.yunnanensisbymeansofapplyinggeographicinformationsystemssoftwareArcGIS,andtheclimaticparametersofthedistributionareasforP.yunnanensisweredeterminedbytheclimateforecastmodelClimateChina.TherelationshipbetweenthegeographicaldistributionofP.yunnanensisandtheclimatewasstudiedbyadoptingtheindexesofKiraincludingthewarmthindex(WI),coldnessindex(CI)andaridityindex(K),Xu’shumidityindex(HI),Holdridge’slifetemperature(BT),potentialevapotranspiration(PET),potentialevapotranspirationratio(PER)andthesinglefactorsasthemeanannualtemperature,themeantemperatureinJanuary,themeantemperatureinJuly,themeanannualprecipitation,the>5℃accumulatedtemperature,the>18℃accumulatedtemperature,themaximumtemperature,theminimumtemperature,thetemperaturevariation,theratiooftemperatureandprecipitationoftheyear,etc.AndtheKira’swater-temperatureindexesondistributionalupperlimit,lowlimitandnorthlimitwerediscussed.ThemajorclimaticfactorseffectingthedistributionofP.yunnanensiswerescreenedoutbystatisticalanalysissoftwareSPSSandtheresultsshowedtheimpactfactorsareintheorderoftemperature>humidity>thetemperaturedifferencebetweenmeanwarmestmonthtemperatureandmeancoldestmonthtemperature.

简介：Understandinggeneticvariationisimportantforefficientlyselectingexcellentclonesandutilizinggeneticresourcesduringtreebreeding.Weinvestigated16growthtraitsof5032-year-oldPinuskoraiensisclones.Analysesofvarianceshowedthatallthetesttraitsdifferedsignificantlyamongclones.Averageheight,diameteratbreastheight(DBH),andvolumeofallcloneswere10.41m,21.30cm,and0.148m3,respectively.Phenotypiccoefficientsofvariationandrepeatabilitiesoftraitsrangedfrom4.37to48.03%andfrom0.013to0.900,respectively.Thereexistssignificantpositivecorrelationsamongheights,diameteratdifferentheights(1.3,3.0,5.0m),andvolumes;geneticcorrelationwasclosetophenotypecorrelation.Usingfourgrowthtraits(height,DBH,volume,averagecrownwidth)asindicesforacomprehensiveevaluation,fiveclones(PK11,PK19,PK04,PK14,andPK28),whosetraitsscoredinthetop10%,wereselectedaseliteclones.Fortheseclones,geneticgainsinheight,DBH,volumeandcrownheightwere8.58,13.02,32.72and3.83%,respectively.TheseresultsprovideimportantinformationforimprovingP.koraiensisbreedingprograms.

简介：SinceforestationofpureforestofPinusmassonianaisliabletosufferfrompestcalamity,soilerosion,decreaseofsoilfertility,anddifficultyinwoodproductioninthehillyareasofsouthernChina,weconductedaninvestigationonthethreetypesofforestsinGao'anCountyofJiangxiProvince,namely,thepureforestofPinusmassoniana,thepureforestofSchimasuperba,andthemixedforestconsistingofthetwospecies,settingupstandardstand,measuringandstudyingthegrowingstock,biomass,leafarea,roots,soil,vegetation,pests,litters,soilerosion,microclimate,etc.,withthefollowingresults.①Theaverageheight,diameteratchestheight,andvolumeofthemixedforestarehigherthanthoseofthepureforestofPinusmassonianaby30.9%,31.7%and10.6%,respectively.②Thebiomassofthemixedforestis2.24timesasmuchasthatofthepureforestofPinusmassoniana.③Thelittersofthemixedforestis3.37timesand1.96timesasmuchasthelittersofthepureforestofPinusmassonianaandthepureforestofSchimasuperbarespectively.③TheoccurrenceofpestcalamitypertreeislowerandtheconditionsofsoilerosionandmicroclimatearebetterthanthoseofthepureforestofPinusmassoniana.④Themixedforestofthetwospeciesisanexcellentmixedtypeofneedle-leafanddeciduousforestworthbeingpopularizedinChina'ssubtropicalareas,especiallyinthelowhillyareas.Itisrecommendedinplantationthatthemixedpatternsbebetweentrees,lines,smallblocks,orscattered-dots,theratioofmixtureofPinusmassonianaandSchimasuperbabe5to1,or3to1,andtheinitialspacebetweentreesbe1.2,1.5,or2.0mwhiletheinitialdensitybe6944to4440treespersquarehectare.

简介：AspecialinterpolationprogramGREENhasbeendevelopedtodeterminetheclimaticparametersforthedistributionregionofChinesepine(PinustabulaeformisCarr.)basedontheresearchesonthedistributionofthetreespecies.Thecentralregion,whichisthemostsuitabledistributionregion,andpotentialdistributionregionofthespeciesundercurrentclimaticconditionsweremappedusingaGeographicInformationSystemIDRISI.Accordingtotheaveragedpredictionsby5GCMsfor2030,aprojecti...

简介：Inthepaper,thehydraulicarchitectureparametersofPinustabulaeformisseedlings(4yearsold)weremeasuredbyimprovedflushingmethodundernormalwaterconditioninthegreenhouseandthebasictheoryofhydraulicarchitectureisusedtodiscusstherationalityofthepipemodel.Theresultsoftheexperimentandsimulationshowthatthedifferencesofhydraulicconductivity,specificconductivityandleafspecificconductivityisgreatindifferentstemsandbranchesofPinustabulaeformisseedlings.Thehydraulicconductivityofnon-constrictionareaishigherthanthatofconstrictionarea.Thedevotionoffunctionalxylemofstemtounitleafgrowthisnotaconstant,namely,theHubervalueisdiverse.Eventhoughthepipemodelhasbeenacceptedinsomeareas,itspreconditionisnotperfect,anditishelplessincorrectlyunderstandingtheessenceofwatertransportinseedlingsfromtheprospectiveofwaterphysiology.

简介：InChina,PinuspumilaismainlydistributedinDaxing’anling,whilethosegrowingintheeasternDaxing’anlingareprimarilycoveredunderthejurisdictionofHuzhongForestBureau.P.pumilaisanevergreenshrub,3-6mhigh,andalwaysgrowsvigorously.Itstrunkscreepalongtheground,usually10mlongormore.Itiseasilyflammablebecauseofthelargeamountsofresinsandvolatileoilsinitsbody.Attackingforestfiresisadangerouswork,especiallyinP.pumilascrubs.ThefiresinP.pumilas...

简介：ThegeneticdifferentiationofKoreanpine(Pinuskoraiensis)indifferentaltitudesinChangbaiMountainwasanalyzedbyISSRtechnique,anditwasfoundthatthelevelofgeneticdiversityofKoreanpinereducesalongwithaltitudeincreasinginChangbaiMountain.ThevariationofKoreanpineismainlyfromintra-populationandthereisapositiverelativitybetweengeneticdistanceandverticalgeographicdistanceofKoreanpineindifferentaltitudes.ThegeneticcoherenceshowsthataltitudehaslessinsulationtoKoreanpine.Therefore,itisdeducedthattheterrainformationofverticaldistributionofKoreanpineisaresultofdiffusionfromloweraltitudetohigheraltitudeinthecourseofenlargingitsadaptability.

简介：AllfactorsaffectingthePCRsysteminPinusmassonianaLambwereinvestigatedonebyone.TheresultsshowthattheoptimumPCRsystemofEST-SSRwere:2μL10×Buffer(Mg2+Free),30ngtemplateDNA,0.1875mmol/LdNTPs,3.75mmol/LMg2+,8pmolprimerpair,1.0UTaqDNApoly-meraseintotal20μLreactionsystem.Finally,atotalof11isolatesofP.massonianawasusedfortestingthestabilityofthePCRamplification.TheresultsprovethattheoptimumPCRsystemwasstable,reliable,highlyrepetitive.

简介：Theaimofthisstudywastoestimatefinerootproduction（FP）andfinerootmortality（FM）at0–10,10–20,and20–30cmsoildepthsusingminirhizotronsina75-year-oldPinusdensifloraSieb.etZucc.forestlocatedinGwangneung,Korea.Wedevelopedtheconversionfactors（framecm-2）ofthreesoildepths（0.158for0–10cm,0.120for10–20cm,and0.131for20–30cm）basedonsoilcoringandminirhizotrondata.FPandFMwereestimatedusingconversionfactorsfromMarch26,2013toMarch2,2014.TheannualFPandFMvaluesatthe0–30cmsoildepthwere3200.2and2271.5kgha-1yr-1,respectively.TheFPestimateaccountedforapproximately17%ofthetotalnetprimaryproductionatthestudysite.FPwashighestinsummer（July31–September26）,andFMwashighestinautumn（September27–November29）.FPwaspositivelycorrelatedwithseasonalchangeinsoiltemperature,whileFMwasnotrelatedtothatchange.TheseasonalityofFPandFMmightbelinkedtoabove-groundphotosyntheticactivity.BothFPandFMatthe0–10cmdepthweresignificantlyhigherthanat10–20and20–30cmdepths,andthisresultedfromthedecreaseinnutrientavailabilitywithincreasingsoildepth.TheminirhizotronapproachandconversionfactorsdevelopedinthisstudywillenablefastandaccurateestimationofthefinerootdynamicsinP.densifloraforestecosystems.

简介：Weevaluatedseedproductioninafirst-generationorchardofChinesepine(Pinustabuliformis)duringthecrucialtransitionperiodfromfirstgenerationtoadvancedgenerations.Clonesvariedsignificantlyinalltraitsrelatedtoseedproduction.Repeatabilityofthesetraitsrangedfrom0to0.96.Seedproductionperramet(SPPR),seedproducingindex(SPI),thenumberofrelativefemalestrobili(RFS),thenumberofscales,andthenumberofineffectivescaleshadcomparativelyhighrepeatabilityat0.86,0.87,0.89,0.96,and0.91,respectively.CorrelationanalysisshowedthatSPPRwasgreatlyinfluencedbyRFSandbythenumberoffullseedspercone.Finally,weshowedthatSPIwasthebestpredictoroftheseed-producingabilityofclones.OurfindingswillassistseedorchardmanagersineffectivelypredictingandimprovingseedproductionofChinesepineseedorchards.

简介：我们从PinusthunbergiiParl描绘了14匿名的原子loci，一个重要的松种类土著人到日本。126单个核苷酸多型性(SNP)从这些loci被识别，给每51bp的1SNP的频率。核苷酸差异()从1.06？？

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简介：Inordertostudyseedqualitychangesofmainafforestationspeciesunderhightemperatureandhighrelativehumidity,thedeteriorationmechanismofseedsofRobiniapesudoacaciaandPinustabulaeformisfromaridandsemiaridareasofNorthernChinawaselucidatedinthisstudy.Theseedswereartificiallyagedfor2and6datthetemperatureof45oCandtherelativehumidity(RH)of50%,75%and100%,respectively.Theresultsshowedthatthegerminabilitydecreasedandthecellmembranedeteriorated...

简介：FamilyoutcrossingratesofPinuscaribaeavar.caribaeapopulationsthatdifferedinoriginandmanagementwereestimatedbyusingisozymemarkers.Thefamilyoutcrossingrateswereestimatedby(1)fixingtheprobabilityofpollengenefrequency(p);(2)allowingpollengenefrequencytovaryamongfamilies.Theestimatesoffamilyoutcrossingratesforallthepopulationsvariedwidelyamongfamilies(clonesoftheseedorchard),rangingfrom0.39to2.0.Theaveragefamilyoutcrossingratesofbothm...

简介：Atotal61cloneparentsand320open-pollinationprogeniesfrom8cloneindividualswereidentifiedby12polymorphicSSRloci.Theresultshowedthatthelevelofgeneticdiversityinprogenypopulationwasthesameasinmaternalpopulation,progenypopulationhadallallelesdetectedinmaternalpopulation,andtherewerenotobvioussurplusphenomenonofhomozygotesinprogenypopulation(F=0.046).Thesouthcrownhadmorestrobilithanthenorthcrown,howeverthegeneticdiversityofthenorthcrownstrobiliwasnotsubstantiallyreduced.Theprogenyofneutraltreeshadthesamelevelofgeneticdiversityasintheprogenyofpartialfemaletrees,withthefixationindextendedtobezero,whichwasaccordedwithHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.Themultilocusoutcrossingrateintheseedorchardwas1.097,andtherewasnosignificantinbreedingbetweenparents(t_m-t_s=-0.031).Themultilocusoutcrossingrateandsinglelocusoutcrossingrateinthesouthcrownwerehigherthanthatinthenorthcrown.Themultilocusoutcrossingrateofpartialfemaletreeswasthesameasinneutraltrees,andtheneutraltreehadnoobviousdecliningoutcrossingratewithreducedproportionoffemaleandmalestrobiluscomparedwithpartialfemaletree,withthefixationindextendedtobezero.Theprogenyofthesecondgenerationclonalseedorchardstillhadrichgeneticdiversity,geneexchangeamongcloneswasrelativelysufficient,andbiparentalinbreedingwasnotsignificant.

简介：ImpactsongrowthofyoungtreesofPinusKoraiensisof6environmentalfactorsofintensityofsunlight,directsunlight,thicknessofsoilhumus,neighboringtrees,uppercanopyspecies,herbsandshrubswereinvestigatedonyoungtreeofPinusKoraiensisand4neighboringtreeswhichareconsideredthestructuralunitofthemicroenvironment.Resultsindicatedthatthe6environmentalfactorsunderinvestigationhadeffects,tovariousextents,ongrowthoftheyoungtrees.Basedonthefindings,suitablegrowingconditionsforregeneratedyoungtreeofPinusKoraiensisunderforestwereidentifiedandcorrespondingsilviculturalmeasureswereproposedforoperationalpractice.

简介：Applyingtheeconomicprinciples,thisarticlecarriesouttheassessmentofeconomicperformancesbroughtbyforestryresearchachievementthroughresearchanddiscussionontheassessmentmethodofeconomicperformancesofprovenancepopularizationofPinusmassonianaL.Thearticlealsobringsintheoptionmethodtofullydisplaythevalueofforestresearchachievement.