简介：Theaimofthisstudywastoestimatefinerootproduction（FP）andfinerootmortality（FM）at0–10,10–20,and20–30cmsoildepthsusingminirhizotronsina75-year-oldPinusdensifloraSieb.etZucc.forestlocatedinGwangneung,Korea.Wedevelopedtheconversionfactors（framecm-2）ofthreesoildepths（0.158for0–10cm,0.120for10–20cm,and0.131for20–30cm）basedonsoilcoringandminirhizotrondata.FPandFMwereestimatedusingconversionfactorsfromMarch26,2013toMarch2,2014.TheannualFPandFMvaluesatthe0–30cmsoildepthwere3200.2and2271.5kgha-1yr-1,respectively.TheFPestimateaccountedforapproximately17%ofthetotalnetprimaryproductionatthestudysite.FPwashighestinsummer（July31–September26）,andFMwashighestinautumn（September27–November29）.FPwaspositivelycorrelatedwithseasonalchangeinsoiltemperature,whileFMwasnotrelatedtothatchange.TheseasonalityofFPandFMmightbelinkedtoabove-groundphotosyntheticactivity.BothFPandFMatthe0–10cmdepthweresignificantlyhigherthanat10–20and20–30cmdepths,andthisresultedfromthedecreaseinnutrientavailabilitywithincreasingsoildepth.TheminirhizotronapproachandconversionfactorsdevelopedinthisstudywillenablefastandaccurateestimationofthefinerootdynamicsinP.densifloraforestecosystems.

简介：Weevaluatedseedproductioninafirst-generationorchardofChinesepine(Pinustabuliformis)duringthecrucialtransitionperiodfromfirstgenerationtoadvancedgenerations.Clonesvariedsignificantlyinalltraitsrelatedtoseedproduction.Repeatabilityofthesetraitsrangedfrom0to0.96.Seedproductionperramet(SPPR),seedproducingindex(SPI),thenumberofrelativefemalestrobili(RFS),thenumberofscales,andthenumberofineffectivescaleshadcomparativelyhighrepeatabilityat0.86,0.87,0.89,0.96,and0.91,respectively.CorrelationanalysisshowedthatSPPRwasgreatlyinfluencedbyRFSandbythenumberoffullseedspercone.Finally,weshowedthatSPIwasthebestpredictoroftheseed-producingabilityofclones.OurfindingswillassistseedorchardmanagersineffectivelypredictingandimprovingseedproductionofChinesepineseedorchards.

简介：DifferencesinseedgerminationandseedlinggrowthamongpopulationsofPinusyunnanensisFranch.werequantifiedtoprovideinformationforuseintheregeneration,reforestation,andimprovementofthisspecies.Seedgerminationandseedlinggrowthtraitsatthenurserystagewereinvestigatedatthepopulationlevel.Weevaluatedrelationshipsbetweenpairsofmeasuredtraitsaswellastheassociationbetweenmeasuredtraitsandgeoclimaticvariablesincludinglongitude,latitude,elevation,temperatureandprecipitation.Seedlinggrowthshowedsignificantdifferencesalthoughalowmagnitudeofvariationwasfoundintheseedgerminationtraitsamongthepopulations.Somepopulationswithstrongandstablegrowth(e.g.,theBaoshanpopulation)maybeselectedassuperiorseedsourcesforregenerationandreforestation.Germinationpercentagewasnegativelycorrelatedwithelevation,andpositivelywithprecipitation.Inaddition,germinationindex,vigorindexandseedlingheightwerepositivelycorrelatedwithprecipitation.Seedgerminationindex,cotyledonnumberandlength,andseedlingdiameterweresignificantlyandpositivelycorrelatedwithseedweight.Strongcorrelationsbetweenpairsoftraitswillbehelpfulinearlyevaluationsfortheselectionofcertainprominenttraits.

简介：Background:InmidhillsofWesternHimalayas,HimachalPradeshIndia,growth,yieldandeconomicsofSolanumkhasianumasapotentialmedicinalherbunderPinusroxburghii(Chirpine)plantationhasbeenstudiedfortwoconsecutiveyearstoassesstheperformanceofSolanumkhasianuminundercanopyofPinusroxburghiifordevelopingSolanumkhasianumandPinusroxburghiibasedinnovativesilvi-medicinalsystem.Methods:Growthparameterssuchasplantheight,numberofbranchesperplantandleafareaindexfollowedbyyieldwereestimatedafterSolanumkhasianumwasgrownonthreetopographicalaspectsas;Northern,North-westernandWesternataspacingof45cmx45cm,followedbythreetillagedepthsas;minimum(0cm),medium(upto10cm)anddeeptillage(upto15cm),inopenandbelowcanopyconditionstreatment.ThestudywasconductedtoexplorethepossibilityofusingSolanumkhasianumbasedsilvi-medicinalsystemtoutilizethebelowcanopyofChirpineforestforenhancingtheproductivityofforestsbesidestheconservationofthemedicinalherb.Results:Thegrowthparameterssuchasplantheight,numberofbranchesperplantandleafareaindexwerenonsignificantlyaffectedbytopographicalaspectsandtillagepractices,bothbelowcanopyandopenconditionsexceptfreshweightanddryweightofberriesduringharvestingstage.Themaximumyield(0.61t·ha~(-1))wasobservedonWesternaspectinopenconditionsascomparedtobelowcanopyofChirpine.ThehighestgrossreturnswereobservedforthecropcultivatedonWesternaspectunderdeeptillageinopenconditionsthanotheraspectandtillagecombinations.HoweverthepositivenetreturnsfromthecropsraisedinbelowcanopyofChirpineindicatesitspossibleeconomicviabilityunderagroforestrysystemasthegrossreturnswashigherthanthecostofcultivation.Conclusion:SolanumkhasianumwhengrowninbelowcanopyofPinusroxburghii,itsgrowthandyieldindicatedpositivenetreturns.SolanumkhasianumandPinusroxburghiibasedsilvi-medicinalsystemha