简介:ChangesinthecontentofEuropeanbalanceconstitutethebiggestdifferencebetweentheeconomicintegrationmodelanditspredecessors.Armament,territoryandresourceswereconsideredaskeyfactorsforenhancedstrengthandsustainedpowerparitywithothernations.Transitiontoeconomicintegrationhashoweverentaileddecouplingofthetwo.EnhancednationalstrengthnowaimsinsteadatpowerparityandsharedpowerbasedoncommonEuropeaninterestsandinter-dependencyratherthanatweakeningothernations.Asaresult,staterelationstherearemovingtowardfusionandconvergence.
简介:Intenseclashesofinterestsandcollusionofideassprangupincessantlyamongnationsoverupwardsovereigntytransfer,interestsdistributionandmaintenanceofparityamongpartnersinthecourseofeconomicintegration.Disparitiesinsize,territory,nationalstrengthanddevelopmentlevelconceivablyoftenledtotensionsandevencrisesoverpowerdistribution.SoEUhistorycanbedescribedasoneofcrisesorcrisissettlementthroughreachinganewequilibrium,asignificantprocessforsustainedEUstability.
简介:ThefifthroundoftheEUenlargementonMay1,2004turnsthelong-cherished"utopia"ofaunifiedEuropeintorealitythroughapeaceful,economicapproach.①Thispaperattemptstomakesomeexplorationsonthefollowingissues:Whytheoptionforaneconomicapproach?Whatchangeshavetakenplaceinthenatureandbehavioroftherelevantnations?WhatimpactwilltheeventhaveonEuropeanstabilityandbalance?②HowwilltheEUkeepequilibriumthroughsystemicmechanismsincaseofinter-statedisputessoastolaythepoliticalgroundworkforapeacefulunification.
简介:InOctober1991,PresidentBorisYeltsininitiatedaprogramofradicaleconom-icreformatthefifthsessionoftheoldparliament,theCongressofthePeople’sDeputies,andintroducecdtheso-called“shocktherapy”throughoutthecountryonJanurary2thefollowingyear.Theprogramaimsattherealizationofatransitionfromaplannedeconomytoamarketonewithinashortspanoftime
简介:A5-yearexperimentonwaterbalancehasbeenconductedinaflatrainfedwheatfieldwithanareaof66×100m^2inFengqiu,HenanProvinceinChina.Basedontheanalysisofsemi-variancefunctionsconductedwithsoilmoisturesamplestakenfrom77nodesofa10×10m^2grid,thesoilmoisturedistributioninthefieldwasstructuralwithatemporalstability.Accordingtotheautocorrelationrangeofthesemi-variancefunction,6siteswereselectedforthedeterminationofsoilwaterconditions.Thecharacteristicofprobabilitydensityfunctionofthedifferencesofwaterstorageintwosetsofmeasurementsshowedthatthedistributionofthesevariablesinthefieldwasanormalone.Theerrorintheestimationoftheaverageof5randomsampleswas14%(α=0.10),andtheerrorsofwaterconsumptionbywheatduringtheexperimentswereestimatedtobe6-13%.Simetheexperimentalfieldwaslargeenoughtoavoidanyedgeeffect,theresultsobtainedshouldtallywiththeactualsituation.Yetthesoilsystemwasheterogeneous,sowemustfollowtheprinciplesofstatisticsandgeostatisticswhendescribingthesystem'sstatuswiththeaverageofthesamples.
简介:IntroductionTheEuropeanUnion(EU)discloseditsnewstrategyfordealingwithChinawhenissuinganewpolicypaperentitled"EU-China:CloserPartnership,GrowingResponsibilities"onOctober24,2006.ByacknowledgingChinaasanewglobaltradeforce,thepolicypaperarguesthat"theEU’sfundamentalapproachtoChinamustremainoneofengagementandpartnership,butwith
简介:AnexperimentwasconductedinaredsoilderivedfromQuaternaryredclayintheEcologicalExperimentStationofRedSoil.theChineseAcademyofSciences,locatedinYingtan(28°15′30″N,116°55′30″E),JiangxiProvince,TheResultsshowthatthemajorwaysofnutrientlossareleachingandnitrogenvolatilization.Rationalizingcropdistribution,stimulatingnutrientrecycling,andimprovinginternalnutrientflowareeffectivemeasurestodecreasenutrientlossandtopromotenutrientutilizationefficiency.Theimportantwaysofregulatingnutrientcyclingandbalanceintheagroecosystemoftheredsoilaretoestablishoptimaleco-agriculturalmodels,practicebalancedfertilizationandcombinethecroppingsystemwiththelivestocksystem.
简介:Inthispaper,animprovedmethod,whichisbasedontheharmonic-balancetech-nique,forspeedinguptheconvergenceiterationprocedureispresented.Asanexample,itisappliedtothenonlinearanalysisofmicrowavemixer,inwhichasimpletimedomaintofre-quencydomaintransformationtechniqueforthemixerdiodeisfirstlyintroduced.Theuseofthistechniquesavescomputingtimedramatically.Andtheanalyzedresultsareingoodagreementwiththeresultspublished.TheimprovedmethodcanalsobeextendedtotheCAAofnonlinearcircuitswithmulti-devices.
简介:Amethodologyisproposedtohandleproblemthatunderequiprobleaddressofpackettrafficattheinputport,GeneralizedShuffle-ExchangeNetwork(GSEN)routestrafficunevenlybecauseoftheunbalancedroutingtags.Theideaistouseroutingtagaccordingtoprobability,whichcanbeevaluatedbyusingMoore-Penroseinverseinmatrixanalysis.Aninstanceisusedtoillustratetheidea,andthesimulationisdonetoshowtheimprovementinperformanceissues.
简介:TheaimofthisworkisanimprovementoftheparameterizationofthesoilmoistureintheschemeoftheLandSurfaceProcessModel(LSPM)forapplicationsoverdesertareas.Infact,inverydryconditions,thewatervapourfluxplaysanimportantroleintheevaporationprocessesandinfluencestheundergroundprofilesofhumidityandtemperature.TheimprovedversionofsoilmoistureparametcrizationintheLSPMschemehasbeencheckedbyusingthedatatakenfromthedatabaseofthefieldexperimentHAPEX-Sahel(Hydrology-AtmospherePilotExperimentintheSahel,1990-1992).ModelsimulationsrefertothreedifferentstationslocatedinNiger(Fallow,MilletandTigersites)whereinputdataforLSPMandobservationsweresimultaneouslyavailable.TheresultsofsimulationstakingintoaccountthewatervapourfluxinthesoilmodelLSPM,seemtocomparebetterwiththeobservedbehaviourofsoilmoistureandturbulentheatfluxesthanthoseoverlookingthewatervapourflux,confirmingthegreatimportanceofthewatervapourinsuchdryconditions.
简介:Fluentversion6.2computationalfluiddynamicsenvironmenthasbeenenhancedwithapopulationbalancecapabilitythatoperatesinconjunctionwithitsmultiphasecalculationstopredicttheparticlesizedistributionwithintheflowfield.Thepopulationbalanceissolvedbythequadraturemethodofmoments(QMOM).Fluent'spredictioncapabilitiesaretestedbyusinga2-dimensionalanalogyofaconstantlystirredtankreactorwithafluidflowcompartmentthatmixesthefluidquicklyandefficientlyusingwallmovementandhasafeedstreamandaproductstream.TheresultsoftheseFluentsimulationsusingQMOMpopulationbalancesolverarecomparedtosteadystateanalyticalsolutionsforthepopulationbalanceinastirredtankwhere1)growth,2)aggregation,and3)breakage,takeplaceseparatelyand4)combinednucleationandgrowthand5)combinednucleation,growthandaggregationtakeplace.Theresultsofthesecomparisonsshowthatthemomentsofthepopulationbalanceareaccuratelypredictedfornucleation,growth,aggregationandbreakagewhentheflowfieldisturbulent.Withlaminarflowthemixingisnotidealandasaresultthesteadystatewellmixedsolutionsarenotaccuratelysimulated.
简介:ThroughacomparisonbetweentheexpressionsofmasterbalancelawsandtheconservationlawsderivedbyNoether'stheorem,aunifiedmasterbalancelawandsixphysicallypossiblebalanceequationsformicropolarcontinuummechanicsarenaturallydeduced.Amongthem,byextendingthewell-knownconventionalconceptofenergymomentumtensor,therathergeneralconservationlawsandbalanceequationsnamedafterenergy-momentum,energy-angularmomentumandenergy-energyareobtained.Itisclearthattheformsofthephysicalfieldquantitiesinthemasterbalancelawforthelastthreecasescouldnotbeassumeddirectlybyperceivingthroughtheintuition.Finally,someexistingresultsarereducedimmediatelyasspecialcases.