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简介：AbstractStillbirth is a devastating pregnancy complication that still affects many women, particularly from low and middle-income countries. It is often labeled as "unexplained" and therefore unpreventable, despite the knowledge that placental dysfunction has been identified as a leading cause of antepartum stillbirth. Currently, screening for pregnancies at high-risk for placental dysfunction relies on checklists of maternal risk factors and serial measurement of symphyseal-fundal height to identify small for gestational age fetuses. More recently, the first-trimester combined screening algorithm developed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation has emerged as a better tool to predict and prevent early-onset placental dysfunction and its main outcomes of preterm preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth by the appropriate use of Aspirin therapy, serial growth scans and induction of labour from 40 weeks for women identified at high-risk by such screening. There is currently no equivalent to predict and prevent late-onset placental dysfunction, although algorithms combining an ultrasound-based estimation of fetal weight, assessment of maternal and fetal Doppler indices, and maternal serum biomarkers show promise as emerging new screening tools to optimize pregnancy monitoring and timing of delivery to prevent stillbirth. In this review we discuss the strategies to predict and prevent stillbirths based on first-trimester screening as well as fetal growth and wellbeing assessment in the second and third trimesters.

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简介：Thehydraulicandsedimentdepositionproblemsinthewaterintakesystemofapumpinghousewerestudiedbyphysicalmodel.Theexperimentalresultsofdifferentworkingcasesindicatethatthesedimentdepositionsatthegates,stillingbasinandculvertsareveryfewwhenthesystemwasnormallyoperated,butintheforebayofpumpinghouse,especiallyinthepumpinghouseforlivingwater,theamountofsedimentdepositionsometimesisconsiderablylarge.Atthefrontoftheentryofpumpinghouseforlivingwater,installingasetofobliquepipescanpreventthecoarsegrainstoenterit,thedepositionamountwillobviouslydecrease.

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简介：Trajectoriesofflyinghotparticleswerepredictedinthiswork,andthetemperaturesduringthemovementwerealsocalculated.Oncetheparticletemperaturedecreasedtothecriticaltemperatureforahotparticletoignitebuildinginsulationmaterials,whichwaspredictedbyhot-spotignitiontheory,thedistanceparticletraveledwasdeterminedastheminimumsafetydistanceforpreventingtheignitionofbuildinginsulationmaterialsbyhotparticles.Theresultsshowedthatforspherealuminumparticleswiththesameinitialvelocitiesanddiameters,thehorizontalandverticaldistancestraveledbyparticleswithhigherinitialtemperatureswerehigher.Smallerparticlestraveledfartherwhenotherconditionswerethesame.Thecriticaltemperatureforanaluminumparticletoigniterigidpolyurethanefoamincreasedrapidlywiththedecreaseofparticlediameter.Thehorizontalandverticalsafetydistanceswerecloselyrelatedtotheinitialtemperature,diameterandinitialvelocityofparticles.Theseresultscouldhelpupdatethesafetyprovisionoffireworkdisplay.

简介：Objective:Toobservetheeffectofstatinsonpreventingparoxysmalatrialfibrillation(PAF)afterpacemakerimlantationinpatientswithsicksinussyndrome.MaterialsandMethods:68patientswereselectedinwhichthepacemakershadbeenimplantedduetosicksinussyndrome,andwererandomlydividedintoastatintreatmentgroupandacontrolgroup.Afterthepacemakerimplantation,onlythepatientsintreatmentgroupweregiven20mgatorvastatinoncepernight,withotherconditionsbasicallysimilartothoseinthecontrolgroup.Atthe3rd,9th,15th,and21stmonthsaftertheimplantation,thepacemakerswereprogrammed,andthePAF-relatedinformationstoredinthepacemakerwererecalledandanalyzedstatistically.Results:Aftertheadministrationofstatinsfor9monthssincetheimlantation,theoccurrenceratesofPAFinthetreatmentgroupwasrelativelylowerthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.Afterfurtheradministrationofstatinsfor15months,boththeoccurrencerateofPAFandtheburdenofatrialfibrillationinthetreatmentgrouphadsignificantlydeclined.Aftercontinuousadministrationofstatinsfor21months,boththeoccurrencerateofPAFandtheburdenofatrialfibrillationinthetreatmentgroupweresignificantlylowerthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.Conclusion:Long-termadministrationofstatinscanreducetheriskofPAFaftertheimplantationofapacemakerinpatientswithsicksinussyndrome.

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简介：AIM:ToreviewvisionhealthsituationofIraniancommunity,analyzeitsdeterminants,anddiscusstheadoptedimprovementstrategiesbytheIranMinistryofHealthandMedicalEducation(MOHME).METHODS:Thiswasarapidsituationanalysiswithaqualitativeapproachinthreepartsofrecognition,orientationandimplementation.Thedataweregatheredviareviewofupstreamdocuments,nationalandinternationalexperiences,andexpertsandstakeholders’opinions.RESULTS:Eradicatingtrachoma,increasinghumanresources,increasingeducationalandresearchcentersandpromotionofophthalmictechnologieswereimportantachievementsinthefieldofvisionhealthinIran.Throughtheseachievements,itseemedthatthepatternofcausesofblindnessandlowvisionwassimilartothatofthedevelopedcountries.However,thereviewofIranians’visionhealthindicatorsshowedthataconsiderablepercentoftheblindnessandlowvisionwasavoidablethroughanationalprogramdemanding3typesofinterventionsinsocialdeterminantsofhealth(SDH),communityeducation,andincreasingtheaccesstohealthcareservicesbyintegratingthenecessaryservicesinprimaryhealthcaresystem.CONCLUSION:Managingtheissuerequiresattentionsfromanationalcommitteeforpreventingblindnesswithparticipationofallstakeholders,implementinganationalsurveyonvisionhealth,preparationoftheprimarylevelhealthcentersincludingemploymentandeducationofcommunityhealthworkers(Behvarzes),optometristsandgeneralpractitioners,fairdistributionofspecializedhumanresourcesandestablishingatleastonespecializedcenterineachprovinceforreferringpatientsfromtheprimarylevels.

简介：objective:Theeffectsofdifferentchitosanonpreventingtraumaticperitonealadhesioninratswasstudiedinthispaper.METHODS:96SDratswithinjuredvermiformprocesswererandomlydividedinto4groupsasfollows:groupAwithoutanytreatmentascontrol,groupBtreatedwithchitosangel,groupCtreatedwithpurechitosanfilmandgroupDtreatedwithchistonfilmcontaining50%gelatin.2and4weeksaftersurgery,12ratsineachgroupwererespectivelybellyopenedtoobservechitosandegradationandevaluateperitonealadhesion,andtheadhesivevermiformprocessestissueswerehistopathologicallyobserved.RESULTS:1.DegraaxationinthegroupDwasfasterthanthatinthegroupCbutslowerthanthatinthegroupB.2.2weeksaftersurgerytheadhesioninthegroupBwasmilderthanthatinthecontrolgroup(goupA)(P＜0.05),butthatinthegroupCandD(bothP＜0.05)weremoreseverethanthatinthecontrolgroup.3.4weeksaftersurgery,theadhesioninthegroupBwasmilderthanthatinthecontrolgroup(P＜0.05),butthatinthegroupCandD(bothP＜0.05)weremoreseverethanthatinthecontrolgroup,whereas,therewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenadhesioninthegroupCandgroupD(P＞0.05).4.Histopathologicalexaminaitonindicatedthat:2weeksaftersurgery,inflammatorycellinfiltrationandfibroplasticproliferationdominatedinlocallesionandtheresponsewasmostseyereontheserouscoat,furthermore,theresponseinthecontrolgroupwasmoreseverethanthatinthegroupB,butmilderthanthatinthegroupCandD;4weeksaftersurgery,fibroplasticproliferationdominatedinlocallesionineachgroup,moreover,theresponseinthecontrolgroupwasmoreseverethanthatinthegroupBbutmilderthanthatinthegroupCandD.What'smore,integratedfibrousmembraneformedaroundimplantedmaterialsinthegroupCandD,andthefibrousmembraneswerethinnerinthegroupCthanthatinthegroupD.CONCLUSION:1.Chitosangelhasperfecteffe

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简介：TheInternationalMaritimeOrganization(IMO)hasencourageditsmembercountriestointroduceFormalSafetyAssessment(FSA)forshipoperationssincetheendofthelastcentury.FSAcanbeusedthroughcertainformalassessingstepstogenerateeffectiverecommendationsandcautionstocontrolmarinerisksandimprovethesafetyofships.OnthebasisofthebriefintroductionofFSA,thispaperdescribestheideasofapplyingFSAtothepreventionofhumanerrorinshipoperations.ItespeciallydiscussestheinvestigationandanalysisoftheinformationanddatausingnavigationsimulatorsandputsforwardsomesuggestionsfortheintroductionanddevelopmentoftheFSAresearchworkforsafershipoperations.

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简介：Objective:Todeterminetheefficacyofpolylacticacidglueinpreventingepiduralscaradhesionafterlaminectomyinrabbits.Methods:Twenty-fourJapanesewhiterabbitsunderwentlaminectomy(includingtheattachedligaments)atL2andL5.AfterlaminectomyatL5,polylacticacidgluewassprayedontheduraandnerverootsandthissegmentwastakenastheexperimentalgroup.AfterlaminectomyatL2,nothingwasusedandthissegmentwasenrolledastheselfcontrolgroup.Fourrabbitswerekilledeverytwoweekspostoperativelytilltheendoftheexperimentat12weeks.Thentheoperatedspinewasobservedgrossly,histologicallyandultrastructurallytocheckthedegreeofscarformation,thestatusofepiduralscaradhesion,theabsorptionoftheglue,andtheintracellularstructureoffibroblasts.Results:Thegluecoagulatedimmediatelyaftersprayingandshowedexcellenthemostaticeffect.Thegluemembranewaseasytobetakenawayfromtheduramaterofthesamplesfor2weeksandtherewerenocellsintheepiduralspaceintheexperimentalgroup.Buttheduramaterwascoveredbyhematomainthecontrolgroup,whichformedmildadhesion,withfibroblastsproliferatingactively.Inthe4thweek,someglueshiversremainedintheepiduralspacewithfibroblastsincreasingalittle,andtheduramaterwassmoothintheexperimentalgroup.However,inthecontrolgroup,theformedscarwasfragileandconglutinatedwiththeduramaterdiffuselyandfibroblastsweremuchmorethanthoseintheexperimentalgroup.Inthe6th-12thweeks,therewasapotentialinterspacebetweenthescarandtheduramater,andthepolylacticacidgluewasabsorbedcompletelyintheexperimentalgroup.Muchtoughscarwasfoundinthecontrolgroup,whichwasverydifficulttodissectfromtheduramaterandthesurroundingtissues.Fromtheultrastructuralobservationofthefibroblasts,thenucleusbecamemuchbiggerandtheroughendoplasmicreticulumwasmuchmoreplentifulinthecontrolgroupthanthatinthee

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health issue among hip fracture patients. This study aimed to develop an information platform based on a mobile application and then evaluate whether information platform-based nursing could improve patient's drug compliance and reduce the incidence of VTE in hip fracture patients.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed hip fracture patients who were treated with conventional prevention and intervention methods for VTE (control group) between January 2008 and November 2012, and prospectively analyzed hip fracture patients who were treated with nursing intervention based on the information platform (study group) between January 2016 and September 2017. All the patients included in the both groups were hip fracture patients who had an age over 50 years, treated with surgery, and hospitalized ≥ 48 h. Patients were excluded if they admitted to hospital due to old fractures, had a severe bleeding after 72 h of admission, diagnosed with any type of VTE, or refused to participate in the study. The information platform was divided into medical, nursing, and patient interface. Based on the information platform, medical practitioners and nurses could perform risk assessments, monitoring management and early warnings, preventions and treatments, health educations, follow-up, and other aspects of nursing interventions for patients. This study compared essential characteristics, drug compliance, VTE occurrence, and mean length of hospitalization between the two groups. Besides, a subgroup analysis was performed in the study group according to different drug compliances. SPSS 18.0 software (IBM Corp., NY, and USA) was used for statistical analysis.Results:Altogether 1177 patients were included in the control group, and 491 patients in the study group. Regarding baseline data, patients in the study group had more morbidities than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The difference of drug compliance between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001): 761 (64.7%) of the patients in the control group and only 30 (6.1%) patients in the study group had poor drug compliance. In terms of VTE, 10.7% patients (126/1177) in the control group had VTE, and the rate in the study group was 7.1% (35/491), showing a statistically significant difference (p = 0.02). Moreover, the average length of hospitalization in the study group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (10.4 days vs. 13.7 days, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses of the study group showed that the incidence of VTE in patients with poor, partial, and good compliances were 56.7% (17/30), 5.8% (10/171), and 2.8% (8/290), respectively, revealing a significantly huge difference (p < 0.001).Conclusions:Poor drug compliance leads to higher VTE occurrence. The information platform-based nursing can effectively improve the compliance of hip fracture patients and thus considerably reduce the incidence of VTE. The mobile application may be an effective tool to prevent VTE in hip fracture patients.