简介：ＲｅｖｅｎｕｅｏｆｔｈｅＳｅｒａＭｏｎａｓｔｅｒｙ￥Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ．ＴｈｅＳｅｒａＭｏｎａｓｔｅｒｙｏｗｎｓｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ：－７００ｆｒｕｉｔｔｒｅｅｓ；－１８０ｈｅａｄｏｆｃｏｗｓ；－３６０ｈｅａｄｏｆｓｈｅｅｐ...

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简介：Memberenterprisesengagedinavirtualenterprisearepronetoshirkbothproductiveeffortsandrisksbecausetheireffortsareunobservabletoanyothermemberenterprises.Howtodesignarevenuesharingcontracttopreventthememberenterprisesfromfreeridingisoneofthemostimportantissuestobeconsideredtocutdownrisksthatvirtualenterprisesmaymeet.Basedontheworkofprofitsharinginpartnershipsandtheresearchonrevenuesharinginsupplychainsandjointventures,weproposeamodeloftherevenuesharingcontractaimedatcoordinatingavirtualenterprisecomposedofnrisk-aversememberenterpriseswhereeverymemberenterpriseperformsdifferenttasksandcontributesdistinctcoreresources.Wecharacterizetheoptimalproductiveefforts,risk-takenandincentiveintensityintherevenuesharingcontract,andindicatethatimprovingtheevaluationprecisionofproductiveeffortsandselectingweaklyrisk-aversememberenterpriseswithclosepowerarethekeyfactorstothesuccessofVEs.

简介：Withtheexplicitconsiderationofuserheterogeneity,i.e.,eachuserhasadifferentvalueoftime(VOT),thispaperexaminesthesystemefficiencyandsocialequityoftollrevenueredistributioninabi-modetransportationsystem.Threeschemesofdistributingtheroadtollrevenueareproposed,whichrespectivelyconsiderefficiency,equity,aswellasefficiencyandequitytogether.Withmildassumptions,weprovethatthenumberofauto-motoristsdecreasesandthetotalsocialcostincreaseswithtransitsubsidysharewhenonlymarginaloperatingcostofthetransitiscoveredbyitsfare.However,whenaveragefixedcostofthetransitisfurthercovered,thetotalsocialcostisa'U'shapecurveagainstthetransitsubsidyshare.Numericalresultsshowthatthewelldesignedtollrevenueredistributionschemescanmakethesystemmoreequitablewhilekeepinghighefficiency.Withtheincreaseofuserheterogeneity,theGinicoefficientbecomeslargerwhilethetotalsocialcostgoesdown.

简介：Thepurposeofthispaperistodiscusshowthevalueofhigh-techfirmcanberationallyvaluedbytakingintoaccountmanagerialflexibilitywhenitsfuturerevenueisuncertain,therebythefirm'smanagercanmakerationalinvestmentdecisionS.Usingstochasticcontroltheory,thepaperwillpresentthatthefirm'svaluesatisfiesapartiallydifferentiateequation,andanalyzethemanagerialflexibilityvaluewithinaframeworkofreal-optionanalytictheorey.Finally,thecomparativestaticanalysisandthemodel'ssimpleapplicationaregiven.

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简介：Toimprovetheperformanceofthesupplychainwithonesupplierandmultipleretailersunderdeter-ministicprice-sensitivecustomerdemand,anoptimalstrategyisproposedbasedonknowledgediscovery.Firstthedecentralizedsysteminwhichthesupplierandtheretailersareindependent,profit-maximizingparticipantswiththesupplieractingasaStackelberggameleaderisstudied.Numericalexamplesillustratetheimportanceofthecoordination.Theconventionalquantitydiscountmechanismneedstobemodifiedtocoordinatethesupplychain,soarevenue-sharingcontractisproposedtocoordinatesuchsupplychain.Lastly,aspecialdecisionundercertaindemandratesisstudied.Thepricingandreplenishmentpoliciescanbedecidedsequentially,whichyieldsmuchlesslosscomparingwithoptimaldecisionwhenthedemandratesaresufficientlylarge.

简介：Theadaptivecriticheuristichasbeenapopularalgorithminreinforcementlearning(RL)andapproximatedynamicprogramming(ADP)alike.ItisoneofthefirstRLandADPalgorithms.RLandADPalgorithmsareparticularlyusefulforsolvingMarkovdecisionprocesses(MDPs)thatsufferfromthecursesofdimensionalityandmodeling.Manyreal-worldproblems,however,tendtobesemi-Markovdecisionprocesses(SMDPs)inwhichthetimespentineachtransitionoftheunderlyingMarkovchainsisitselfarandomvariab...

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简介：Inordertounifythenationwidepostage,in1909(thefirstyearofEmperorXuantong'sreign)theQingDynastysentDengWeibing,apostalpatrolofficial,toTibetfromBeijingtomakepreparationsforthelaunchofTibetanpostage.Inigio(thesecondyearofEmperorXuantong'sreign),theQingDynastysetupapostalheadofficeinLhasa,

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