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简介：Inapplications,thetraditionalestimationproceduregenerallybeginswithmodelselection.Onceaspecificmodelisselected,subsequentestimationisconductedundertheselectedmodelwithoutconsiderationoftheuncertaintyfromtheselectionprocess.Thisoftenleadstotheunderreportingofvariabilityandtoooptimisticconfidencesets.Modelaveragingestimationisanalternativetothisprocedure,whichincorporatesmodeluncertaintyintotheestimationprocess.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenarisinginterestinmodelaveragingfromthefrequentistperspective,andsomeimportantprogresseshavebeenmade.Inthispaper,thetheoryandmethodsonfrequentistmodelaveragingestimationaresurveyed.Somefutureresearchtopicsarealsodiscussed.

简介：1.IntroductionEatingdisorders(ED)arethemostcommonpsychiatricdisordersafflictingyoungwomen~1andcontributetogreatdetrimentsinpsychological,social,andphysicalhealth.~(2,3)Unfortunately,EDtreatmentstendtobelonglasting,intensive,andexpensive.~4Additionally,individualswithEDseekingtreatmentusehealthcareservicesmorefrequentlythannon-EDindividu-

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简介：AbstractThe Hoffa fracture is an uncommon fracture. There is a lot of confusion about its diagnosis and management with several conflicting reports in literature. We reported a 25-year-old patient with non-union of Hoffa fracture, and meanwhile tried to develop an algorithm-based treatment for Hoffa fractures. A systematic review of the available literature was performed. Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PubMed were searched for relevant articles. Fifty-five articles were reviewed, and the clinical knowledge base was summarized. The understanding of the mechanism of trauma has become more nuanced. The literature has also evolved to classify the fracture with the purpose of surgical management in mind. This can be used to plan approach and fixation with preservation of blood supply. Classification can also prognosticate the outcomes in Hoffa fracture.

简介：AbstractStillbirth is a devastating pregnancy complication that still affects many women, particularly from low and middle-income countries. It is often labeled as "unexplained" and therefore unpreventable, despite the knowledge that placental dysfunction has been identified as a leading cause of antepartum stillbirth. Currently, screening for pregnancies at high-risk for placental dysfunction relies on checklists of maternal risk factors and serial measurement of symphyseal-fundal height to identify small for gestational age fetuses. More recently, the first-trimester combined screening algorithm developed by the Fetal Medicine Foundation has emerged as a better tool to predict and prevent early-onset placental dysfunction and its main outcomes of preterm preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth by the appropriate use of Aspirin therapy, serial growth scans and induction of labour from 40 weeks for women identified at high-risk by such screening. There is currently no equivalent to predict and prevent late-onset placental dysfunction, although algorithms combining an ultrasound-based estimation of fetal weight, assessment of maternal and fetal Doppler indices, and maternal serum biomarkers show promise as emerging new screening tools to optimize pregnancy monitoring and timing of delivery to prevent stillbirth. In this review we discuss the strategies to predict and prevent stillbirths based on first-trimester screening as well as fetal growth and wellbeing assessment in the second and third trimesters.

简介：AbstractOdontogenic sinusitis (ODS) is more common than historically reported, and is under-represented in the sinusitis literature. ODS is distinct from rhinosinusitis in that it is infectious sinusitis from an infectious dental source or a complication from dental procedures, and most commonly presents unilaterally. ODS clinical features, microbiology, and diagnostic and treatment paradigms are also distinct from rhinosinusitis. ODS evaluation and management should generally be conducted by both otolaryngologists and dental providers, and clinicians must be able to suspect and confirm the condition. ODS suspicion is driven by certain clinical features like unilateral maxillary sinus opacification on computed tomography, overt maxillary dental pathology on computed tomography, unilateral middle meatal purulence on nasal endoscopy, foul smell, and odontogenic bacteria in sinus cultures. Otolaryngologists should confirm the sinusitis through nasal endoscopy by assessing for middle meatal purulence, edema, or polyps. Dental providers should confirm dental pathology through appropriate examinations and imaging. Once ODS is confirmed, a multidisciplinary shared decision-making process should ensue to discuss risks and benefits of the timing and different types of dental and sinus surgical interventions. Oral antibiotics are generally ineffective at resolving ODS, especially when there is treatable dental pathology. When both the dental pathology and sinusitis are addressed, resolution can be expected in 90%-100% of cases. For treatable dental pathology, while primary dental treatment may resolve the sinusitis, a significant percentage of patients still require endoscopic sinus surgery. For patients with significant sinusitis symptom burdens, primary endoscopic sinus surgery is an option to resolve symptoms faster, followed by appropriate dental management. More well-designed studies are necessary across all areas of ODS.

简介：AbstractThe Draf Ⅲ procedure involves the creation of a common frontal sinus cavity. The most common indication for the Draf Ⅲ procedure is chronic rhinosinusitis of the frontal sinuses despite the failure of more conservative interventions such as bilateral Draf Ⅱa procedures. Primary Draf Ⅲ may be indicated in patients with a high risk of failures such as those with severe polyposis and those with a frontal sinus opening less than 4 mm on computed tomography imaging. Other indications for the Draf Ⅲ include access for tumor removal and repair of traumatic fractures of the frontal sinus. The "inside-out" Draf Ⅲ procedure is the standard approach when the frontal recess anterior-posterior diameter is wide enough for instrument access, usually larger than 4-5 mm. The "outside-in" Draf Ⅲ procedure can be done when the frontal recess is too narrow to safely accommodate instruments. Regular follow-up with debridement should be done to prevent neo-ostium stenosis.

简介：AbstractThe year 2020 is an extremely unusual year. The world lost more than one million lives due to the attack of COVID-19. Economic production has been greatly reduced, and daily activities are largely restricted. Luckily the work of Chinese Journal of Traumatology (CJTEE) has not been adversely affected. 2020 is a harvest year for the journal, which (1) was included in the high-quality academic journals by China Association for Science and Technology; (2) cover of each issue is newly designed; (3) submission increased by about 60% with more countries and regions covered; (4) usage in the ScienceDirect database exceeded a million; (5) the CiteScore rises to more than 2.0 the first time. This study reviewed the articles published in the year 2020 by CJTEE.

简介：AbstractTic disorders (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often first recognized in children and adolescents and is characterized mainly by motor and phonic tics. Drug treatment of TD has been criticized because of serious side effects, and TD treatment emphasizes behavioral psychotherapy. This study reviewed the most common behavioral psychotherapy for TD: habit reversal training (HRT). We examined the contents, variation, curative effects, and premonitory urge control of HRT and other behavioral psychotherapies. The findings suggest that current understanding of HRT is insufficient and further studies are needed. First, studies of online guidance training are needed to implement technology that can help more patients. Second, the future integration of HRT and other technologies is important. Third, imaging techniques could be used to further explore the brain mechanisms underlying HRT. Research on HRT for TD in China is insufficient. We call on more Chinese researchers to study, investigate, and develop technology to promote the development of behavioral psychotherapy for TD in China.

简介：AbstractTrauma is the leading cause of death in people under the age of 45 years, and it has gained wide attention from academics worldwide. Therefore, more and more studies have reported on trauma and related fields in recent decades. In 2019, Chinese Journal of Traumatology (CJTEE) published 69 articles covering traffic medicine, wound healing, bone trauma, emergency care, and other hot topics of traumatology. Here we reviewed a series of articles published in CJTEE on the topics mentioned above, try to give a brief introduction of progress in trauma field.

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简介：ThearticlebrieflyintroducesthethreestagesthatChinaPostexperiencedandthecircumstancesofthefundamentalnetworkconstruction,focusingonintroducingthethreesortsofservicesbasedonpostalcomprehensivecomputernetwork'sapplicablesoftwaresystem:postalfinancialservice;traditionalserviceelectrified;electronicpostalservice.FinallythethinkingforfutureChinaPost'sinformationizingconstructingisputforward.

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简介：Nanoparticulate流动发生在大量自然现象和工程应用程序并且因此，吸引了许多注意。现在的论文的目的是提供在最后十年进行的研究的评论。盖住的研究在管子和隧道中由于凝结联系粒子，时刻的Taylor系列扩大方法，和nanoparticle分布到monodisperse和polydisperse的Brownian凝结流动，喷气流动，和混合的层并且在火焰合成和免职的过程。

简介：ThepresentpaperreviewstheUNimportanteffortstopromoteglobalsustainabledevelopmentinthechronologicalordersinceUNConferenceonHumanEnvironmentin1972,andanalyzestheprogressandgap.TheresultsshowthattheUNsystemhasmadegreateffortsforglobalsustainabledevelopmentsincetheUNConferenceonHumanEnvironment,especiallysinceUNConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment,promotedtheformationofimportantconsensusandmultilateralinternationalconventionsonmanyfields,boostedthedevelopmentofpartnershipinthefieldofsustainabledevelopment,andacceleratedactionsforsustainabledevelopmentofmanycountriesandregions.However,atpresent,theprogressmadeisstillfarbelowthelevelrequired,prominentlyreflectedintheslowprogresstowardthemillen-niumdevelopmentgoals,thedifficultiesinnegotiationsinthefieldofenvironmentanddevelopment,insufficientfulfillmentofinternationalagreementsandconventions,andundesirableeffectsofpartnershipinthefieldofsustainabledevelopment.Basedonthese,thepaperputsforwardfoursuggestionsforUNConferenceonSustainableDevelopmentin2012(Rio+20):(1)torevitalizethe'spiritofRio'andacceleratetheimplementationofexistingpoliti-calcommitments;(2)tomakenewpoliticalcommitmentsfocusingonclimatechangeandothermajorglobalchallengesundertheRioprinciples;(3)tolayoutablueprintofgreeneconomyundertheRioprinciples;and(4)topromoteSouth-Southcooperationasthefocusofinternationalcooperation.

简介：很多新变化，特别杂交稻，自从1998，在中国被开发了并且释放。收益潜力和杂交稻的谷物质量也为也包括indica和装饰用的梨树类型的三线、较普通活字大一倍的杂交稻两个都显著地被改进了。自从1986，在中国的米饭变化的扩展上的趋势被新变化的增加的数字标记，减少年度种区域每变化，有一个大规模延期区域的变化的减少的数字，当更新率和有跨provincial扩展的核心变化的比例仍然保持未改变时。Thiscurrent主要问题和米饭在中国繁殖和延期的未来目标也被讨论。