简介：TranslationalCancerResearch(TranslCancerRes;TCR;PrintISSN:2218-676X;OnlineISSN2219-6803;www.thetcr.org)launchedinAugust2013aspecialissueonApplicationsofNanotechnologyinRadiationResearchinvitingProf.RaoV.L.PapinenifromUniversityofKansas

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简介：Irradiationfromdiversesourcesisubiquitousandcloselyassociatedwithhumanactivities.Radiationtherapy(RT),animportantcomponentofmultipleradiationorigins,isacommontherapeuticmodalityforcancer.Moreimportantly,RTprovidessignificantcontributiontooncotherapybykillingtumorcells.However,duringthecourseoftherapy,irradiationofnormaltissuescanresultinawiderangeofsideeffects,includingself-limitedacutetoxicities,mildchronicsymptoms,orsevereorgandysfunction.Althoughnumerouspromisingradioprotectiveagentshaveemerged,onlyafewhavesuccessfullyenteredthemarketbecauseofvariouslimitations.Atpresent,thewidelyacceptedhypothesisforprotectionagainstradiation-causedinjuryinvolvestheWntcanonicalpathway.ActivatingtheWnt/β-cateninsignalingpathwaymayprotectthesalivarygland,oralmucosa,andgastrointestinalepitheliumfromradiationdamage.Theunderlyingmechanismsincludeinhibitingapoptosisandpreservingnormaltissuefunctions.However,aberrantWntsignalingunderliesawiderangeofpathologiesinhumans,anditsvariouscomponentscontributetocancer.Moreover,studieshavesuggestedthatWnt/β-cateninsignalingmayleadtoradioresistanceofcancerstemcell.ThesefactsmarkedlycomplicateanydefinitionoftheexactfunctionoftheWntpathway.

简介：Cancerisaleadingcauseofdeathworldwide.Cancertreatmentsbychemotherapeuticagents,surgery,andradiationhavenotbeenhighlyeffectiveinreducingtheincidenceofcancersandincreasingthesurvivalrateofcancerpatients.Inrecentyears,plant-derivedcompoundshaveattractedconsiderableattentionasalternativecancerremediesforenhancingcancerpreventionandtreatmentbecauseoftheirlowtoxicities,lowcosts,andlowsideeffects.Ellagicacid(EA)isanaturalphenolicconstituent.RecentinvitroandinvivoexperimentshaverevealedthatEAelicitsanticarcinogeniceffectsbyinhibitingtumorcellproliferation,inducingapoptosis,breakingDNAbindingtocarcinogens,blockingvirusinfection,anddisturbinginflammation,angiogenesis,anddrug-resistanceprocessesrequiredfortumorgrowthandmetastasis.ThisreviewenumeratestheanticarcinogenicactionsandmechanismsofEA.ItalsodiscussesfuturedirectionsontheapplicationsofEA.

简介：Somaticstemcells(SSCs),beingessentialinmaintaininghomeostasisofnormaltissue,replenishdyingcellsandregeneratedamagedtissuesfororganism.Ontheotherhand,withtheself-renewedability,SSCsareidealcellulartargetstobeacquiredinmultiplemutationstransformingSSCstocancerstemcells(CSCs)whichcausemalignanciesandevenrecurrenceaftercancertreatmentifCSCsfailtobeeradicated(1).OneyearafterDrs.JohnB.GurdonandShinyaYamanakasharedthe2012NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefortheirdiscoverythatmaturecellscanbereprogrammedtobecome

简介：Thymidinephosphorylase(TP)isakeyenzymethatcontributestothecompositionanddecompositionofpyrimidinenucleotides.TPseemshomologoustoplatelet-derivedendothelialcellgrowthfactor,anditseffectsoninducingvascularizationandanti-apoptosisarecloselyrelatedtogrowthandmetastasisofcolorectalcarcinoma.Inaddition,TPisakeyenzymethatcatalyzesthetransformationfrom5-fluorouracil(FU)prodrugsof5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine(5′-DFUR)to5-FU.TheactivityofTPiscloselyrelatedtothesensitivityofcolorectalcarcinomacellstofluorouracildrugsandtargetedtherapy.GiventheimportantfunctionsofTPingrowth,metastasis,tumortreatment,andprognosis,determiningitsexpressionmechanismissignificant.ThisarticlesummarizestheresearchdevelopmentofTPexpressionincolorectalcarcinoma,tumorneovascularization,cytotoxicityactivationof5′-DFUR,andcolorectalcarcinomatherapy.

简介：Cancergenomicsisarapidlygrowingdisciplineinwhichthegeneticmolecularbasisofmalignancyisstudiedatthescaleofwholegenomes.Whilethedisciplinehasbeensuccessfulwithrespecttoidentifyingspecificoncogenesandtumorsuppressorsinvolvedinoncogenesis,itisalsochallengingourapproachtomanagingpatientssufferingfromthisdeadlydisease.Specificallycancergenomicsisdrivingclinicaloncologytotakeamoremolecularapproachtodiagnosis,prognostication,andtreatmentselection.Wereviewhererecentworkundertakenincancergenomicswithanemphasisontranslationofgenomicfindings.Finally,wediscussscientificchallengesandresearchopportunitiesemergingfromfindingsderivedthroughanalysisoftumorswithhigh-depthsequencing.

简介：OnbehalfoftheAmericanAssociationforCancerResearch(AACR),wehavethegreatpleasuretoinviteyoutoattendtheNewHorizonsinCancerResearchConference:DeliveringCuresThroughCancerScience,whichwillbeheldfromNovember2-5,2016,inShanghai,China.Thisthirdconferenceinthisserieshas,onceagain,beendesignedtohighlightsomeoftheverylatest

简介：Thisreviewstartswithabriefhistoryofdrugdiscovery&development,andtheplaceofAsiainthisworldwideeffortdiscussed.TheconditionsandconstraintsofasuccessfultranslationalR&DinvolvingacademicbasicresearchandclinicalresearcharediscussedandtheSingaporemodelforpursuitofopenR&Ddescribed.Theimportanceofwell-characterized,validateddrugtargetsforthesearchfornoveltargetedanti-canceragentsisemphasized,aswellasastructured,highqualitytranslationalR&D.Furthermore,thecharacteristicsofanattractivepreclinicaldevelopmentdrugcandidatearediscussedlayingthefoundationofasuccessfulpreclinicaldevelopment.Themostfrequentsourcesoffailuresaredescribedandriskmanagementateverystageishighlyrecommended.Organizationalfactorsarealsoconsideredtoplayanimportantrole.Thefactorstoconsiderbeforestartinganewdrugdiscovery&developmentprojectaredescribed,andanexampleisgivenofasuccessfulclinicalprojectthathashaditsrootsinlocaluniversitiesandwascarriedthroughpreclinicaldevelopmentintophaseIclinicaltrials.

简介：Prostatecancergene3(PCA3,alsoknownasDD3)isanewbiomarkerthatcouldimprovetheaccuracyofprostatecancerdiagnosis.Itisagreatbiomarkerwithfairlyhighspecificityandsensitivity.Theincidenceofprostatecancerisrisingsteadilyinmostcountries.Thecommonlyusedprostate-specificantigen(PSA)testoncegavepeoplehopeforearlydiagnosisofprostatecancer.However,thelowspecificityofthePSAtesthasresultedinalargenumberofunnecessarybiopsiesandovertreatment.Duringthepastdecade,manynewprostatecancerbiomarkershavebeenfound.Amongthese,PCA3isthemostpromising.Duetoitsgreatperformanceindistinguishingprostatecancerfromotherprostateconditions,PCA3couldlikelybeappliedforearlydiagnosisofprostatecancer,patientfollow-up,prognosisprediction,andtargetedtherapy.Afteryearsofresearch,wehaveobtainedsomeknowledgeaboutthesequenceofPCA3gene.WehavealsodeterminedtherelationshipbetweenPCA3andtheproliferationofprostatecancercellsandlearnedsomeinformationabouthowPCA3affectstumor-relatedgenesandproteins.APCA3scorehasbeencreated,andithasbeenusedinavarietyofstudies.SomeresearchershaveevenappliedPCA3totargetedtherapyandobtainedagoodeffectinvitro.Thisreviewdescribesthecurrentstateofresearch,andexploresthefutureprospectsforPCA3.更多还原

简介：Polysocoharibe-peptideofCoriolusVersicolor(PSP)isanewanti-cancerimmunomodulativedrug.Thepresentpaperreportsontheexperimentalresearchdonewiththisdrug.ItwasfoundthatPSPhadtheabilitytorecoverhemolysinHC50,toincreasetheweightofthethymus,andincreasethealexinofserumC3andtheIgGcontentoftumorbearingmice.FSPalsosignificantlyraisedthepha-gocyticactivityofmacrophagesinnormalmice.PSPhadasignificantinhibitoryeffectonP38SandS180cells.Attheconcentrationof1mg/ml,PSPinhibitedtheproliferatingactivityofsomehumantumorcalllines,suchasSGC7901,SPC,SLYandMei.IthadadirecttoxiceffectonSPCcells.PSPsignificantlyinhibitedthesynthesisofnucleicacidsofEhrlichascitescarcinomacells.Inaddition,PSPwasantagonistictothesideeffectsofchemotherapyandradiotherapy.

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