简介：Integrityofthemembranouslabyrinthbarriersystemisofcriticalimportance,whichpromotesinnerearhomeostasisandmaintainsitsfeatures.Themembranouslabyrinthbarriersystemisdividedintoseveralsubsetsofbarrierswhich,althoughindependentfromeachother,areinterrelated.Thesamesubstancemaydemonstratedifferentpermeabilitycharacteristicsthroughdifferentbarriersandunderdifferentconditions,whiledifferentsubstancescanhavedifferentpermeabilityfeatureseveninthesamebarrierunderthesamecondition.Allpartsofthemembranouslabyrinthbarrierstructure,includingtheirmorphology,enzymesandchannelproteins,andtheirspermeabilitycharacteristicsundervariousphysiologicalandpathologicalconditionsarereviewedinthispaper.Infections,noiseexposure,ototoxicitymayallincreasepermeabilityofthebarriersandleadtodisturbancesininnerearhomeostasis.

简介：<正>IntroductionDeafnessisoneofthemostcommonotologicdiseasesandamajordiseasethatgreatlyimpactstheChinesepopulation.FromtheSecondNationalSampleSurveyofDisabledPersons,itisestimatedthatthereare27,800,000hearingdisabledpersonsinChina,about2.14%of

简介：ObjectiveTinnitusandhyperacusisaresubjectivesymptomswhichcanbereportedbypeopleofanyage.Althoughtinnitusandhyperacusiscanhaveanegativeeffectonchilddevelopment,thesesymptomsarecommonlyoverlookedbytheirparentsandclinicians.Inthispaper,wereviewclinicalreportsontinnitusandhyperacusisinchildrenandbasicscientificstudiesonthesedisordersinordertoprovideupdatesofthesedisordersinthepediatricpopulation.Recentstudieshavefoundthattinnitusandhyperacusisarenotuncommoninchildren,especiallyinthosewithconductiveandsensorineuralhearingloss.Theparentsandcliniciansshouldpayattentionwhenchildrenshowabnormalbehaviorsandespeciallywhentheydevelophearingloss.Sincethereisnoobjectivemeasurementfortinnitusandhyperacusis,thediagnosisinchildrencanbechallenging.TinnitusandhyperacusisarealsocommoninWilliamssyndromeandautismbutthemechanismsarestillnotclear.Highdosesofsalicylateandnoiseexposurecaninducetinnitus.Animalstudieshavedeterminedlackofinhibitionintheauditorycortexandtheinferiorcolliculusmaybecriticalfortinnitusandhyperacusisgeneration.Thenon-classicauditorysystemmayalsobeinvolvedintheawarenessandtoleranceoftinnitusandhyperacusis.

简介：Serioushearingandbalanceimpairmentscanoccurasaresultoflossofhaircellsrelatedtoaging,environmentalstresses(suchasnoisesexposure)orexposuretochemotherapeuticdrugs(suchascisplatinandaminoglycosideantibiotics).Becausealargeportionofhearingimpairmentinvolveslossofhaircells,regenerationorreplacementofthesecellsisapossiblealternativetoprostheticdevices1.Researchershavepaidhotattentiontothestudyofinnerearhaircellregenerationforhearingrestorationformanyyears.Besidestheimportantfunctionofhaircells,therearemanyothercontributorsessentialfornormalhearing.Haircellregenerationisoneoftheessentialstepsfortotalhearingrecovery,butnottheonlyone.Inthisarticle,wewillreviewtheprogressesinresearchonhearingloss,stemcellapplicationandhearingrestoration.

简介：Cell-celljunctionsinthecochleaarehighlycomplexandwellorganized.Theroleofthesejunctionsistomaintainstructuralandfunctionalintegrityofthecochlea.Inthisreview,wedescribeclassificationofcelljunction-associatedproteinsidentifiedwithinthecochleaandprovideabriefoverviewofthefunctionoftheseproteinsinadherentjunctions,gapjunctionsandtightjunctions.

简介：Inmedicallaboratoryanimals,thepigistheclosestspeciestohumaninevolution,exceptforprimates.Asananimalmodel,thepigishighlyconcernedbymanyscientists,includingcomparativebiology,developmentalbiology,medicalgenetics.Rodentsasanimalmodelforhumanhearingdefectshasarepoorproducibilityandreliability,duetodifferencesinanatomicalstructure,evolutionaryrateandmetabolicrate,butthesehappenstobetheadvantagesofthepigmodel.Inthispaper,wewillsummarizetheapplicationofminiaturepiginthestudyofhumanhereditarydeafness.

简介：Cochlearimplantationisauniquemethodtore-constructauditionforpatientswithseveretoprofoundhearingloss.Withincreasingclinicalapplicationofthistechnique,itsrehabilitativeeffectsinpatientshasbecomeanimportanttopicofhearingandspeechrehabilitationresearch.Thisarticleisanoverviewofhearingandspeechrehabilitativetraining,rehabilitativeefficacyevaluationandfactorsaffectingrehabilitationefficacyfollowingcochlearimplantation.

简介：ObjectiveAlongwithchangesintheecologysystemandundertheinfluenceofvariousenvironmentalfactors,theincidenceoftumorhasbeenincreasingyearafteryear.Thereisatrendincancertherapytomovetocombinedtherapiesinvolvingsurgery,radiationchemotherapyandgenetherapy.Cancergenetherapyinrecentyearshasbroughtnewopportunitiesfortreatmentoftumor.Itsadvantagesincludelowrateoftolerance,insensitivitytocellcycles,highspecificityandcoverageforbothprimaryandmetastatictumors1,2.However,thisisanewfieldofclinicalresearch.RegardingthecorrelationamongtheSTAT3,CyclinD1andP21genesandtumors,researchhasfocusedontheirexpressionandregulation.Thisarticleprovidesasummaryofrelatedresearch.