简介：Elastographyforthepancreascanbeperformedbyeitherultrasoundorendoscopicultrasound(EUS).Therearetwotypesofpancreaticelastographiesbasedondifferentprinciples,whicharestrainelastographyandshearwaveelastography.Thestiffnessoftissueisestimatedbymeasuringthegradeofstraingeneratedbyexternalpressureintheformer,whereasitisestimatedbymeasuringpropagationspeedofshearwave,thetransversewave,generatedbyacousticradiationimpulse(ARFI)inthelatter.Strainelastographyisdifficulttoperformwhentheprobe,thepancreasandtheaortaarenotlocatedinline.Accordingly,afineelastogramcanbeeasilyobtainedinthepancreaticbodybutnotinthepancreaticheadandtail.Incontrast,shearwaveelastographycanbeeasilyperformedintheentirepancreasbecauseARFIcanbeemittedtowhereverdesired.However,shearwaveelastographycannotbeperformedbyEUStodate.Recently,clinicalguidelinesforelastographyspecializedinthepancreaswerepublishedfromJapaneseSocietyofMedicalUltrasonics.Theguidelinesshowustechnicalknacksofperformingelastographyforthepancreas.

简介：AIM:ToverifythemethylationstatusofCDH1,DAPK,COX2,hMLH1andCDKN2AgenesandtoevaluatetheirassociationwithHelicobacterpylori(H.pylori)-cagA+andEpsteinBarrvirus(EBV)infectionsingastricadenocarcinomas.METHODS:Methylation-specificPCR(MSP)assaywasperformedin89primarygastriccarcinomas(intestinalanddiffusetypes).Microsatelliteinstability(MSI)analysiswasperformedusingtheBAT26primersetandPCRproductswereanalyzedwiththeABIPRISM3100GeneticAnalyzerusingG...

简介：AIM:Toanalyzethemismatchrepair(MMR)statusandtheARID1Aexpressionaswellastheirclinicopathologicalsignificanceingastricadenocarcinomas.METHODS:WeexaminedtheexpressionsofMMRproteinsandARID1Abyimmunohistochemistryinconsecutive489primarygastricadenocarcinomas.Theresultswerefurthercorrelatedwithclinicopathologicalvariables.RESULTS:ThelossofanyMMRproteinexpression,indicativeofMMRdeficiency,wasobservedin38cases(7.8%)andwassignificantlyassociatedwithanolderage(68.6±9.2vs60.4±11.7,P<0.001),afemalesex(55.3%vs31.3%,P=0.004),anantrallocation(44.7%vs25.7%,P=0.021),andadifferentiatedhistology(57.9%vs39.7%,P=0.023).AbnormalARID1Aexpression,includingreducedorlossofARID1Aexpression,wasobservedin109cases(22.3%)andwassignificantlycorrelatedwithlymphaticinvasion(80.7%vs69.5%,P=0.022)andlymphnodemetastasis(83.5%vs73.7%,P=0.042).ThetumorswithabnormalARID1AexpressionmorefrequentlyindicatedMMRdeficiency(47.4%vs20.2%,P<0.001).AmultivariateanalysisidentifiedabnormalARID1Aexpressionasanindependentpoorprognosticfactor(HR=1.36,95%CI:1.01-1.84;P=0.040).CONCLUSION:OurobservationssuggestthattheAIRD1Ainactivationisassociatedwithlymphaticinvasion,lymphnodemetastasis,poorprognosis,andMMRdeficiencyingastricadenocarcinomas.