简介：AbstractBackground:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major noncommunicable disease (NCD) accounting for 17.9 million deaths. If current trends continue, the annual number of deaths from CVD will rise to 22.2 million by 2030. The United Nations General Assembly adopted a sustainable development goal (SDG) by 2030 to reduce NCD mortality by one-third. The purpose of this study was to analyze the CVD mortality trends in different countries implementing World Health Organization (WHO) NCD Action Plan and emphasize effective ways to achieve SDG.Methods:WHO statistics, based on the Member-States unified mortality and causes-of-death reports were used for analyzing trends and different interventions.Results:Reduction of CVD mortality from 2000 to 2016 in 49 countries was achieved for stroke at 43% and ischemic heart disease at 30%. Smoking prevalence and raised blood pressure (RBP) decreased in 84% and 55% of the countries. Eighty-nine percent of high-income countries (HIC) demonstrated a decline in tobacco smoking against 67% in middle-income countries (MIC). Sixty-nine percent of HIC demonstrated a decline in RBP against 15% in MIC. CVD management, tobacco, and unhealthy diet reduction measures are significantly better in HIC. The air pollution level was higher in MIC.Conclusion:Building partnerships between countries could enhance their efforts for CVD prevention and successful achievement of SDG.

简介：

简介：AIM:TostudytheevolutionoftherefractivestatusandexaminetheaffectedfactorsininfantsduringthefirstyearoflifeinalargesamplesizeinChina.METHODS:Atotalof1258babies(2516eyes)aged32wkgestationalageto1yparticipatedinthestudy,including766prematureand492full-terminfants.First,eachbabyreceivedanorthopticexamination,slit-lampcheckingandfundusimaging.Patientswithdiseaseswhichmightaffectrefractivestatuswereexcludedfromthecohort.Thecycloplegiaretinoscopywasperformed.Theirneonatalhistorieswerereviewed.Eachmeasurementcontainedtherefractivestatusandcalculationofthesphericalequivalent(SE).RESULTS:Refractivestateshowedanaveragehyperopiaof+0.94±1.63Datearlyages,followedbyatrendtowardmorehyperopia.Therefractivestatereachedthetop(+2.43±1.46D)attheageofonetotwomonths.Thenglidingtilloneyearoldwhentherefractivestatereached+0.59±1.41D.Theprevalenceofastigmatismwas42.17%inthestudy,being2.82%myopicastigmatismand39.35%hyperopicastigmatism.The94.1%ofhyperopicastigmatismwaswith-the-ruleastigmatismand71.83%ofmyopicastigmatismwaswith-the-ruleastigmatism.Refractivestatebetweenboysandgirlswasdifferent.ThemeanSEofboyswas+1.97±1.57D,whilethatofgirlswas+1.79±1.46D,andthedifferencewassignificant.CONCLUSION:Beforeoneyearold,thechangeofrefractivestatusisassociatedwithcheckingageandsex.Attheageofonetotwomonths,thedegreeofhyperopiareachesthetop.Boyshavemorehyperopicdegreethangirls,andwiththe-ruleastigmatismispredominant.Excludingprematureinfantswithadvancedretinopathyofprematurity,prematureandfull-termchildrenhavesamerefractionstatus.

简介：

简介：

简介：CertaineffectshavebeenachievedintheChina-SouthAsiapeople-to-peoplediplomacy,demonstratedbyincreasinglyactiveevents,betterenvironmentfordevelopment,abigleapineconomicandtradecooperation,furtheropeningupofthepeople-to-peopleandculturalexchangesandgrowingimportanceoftheacademicandthink-tankdialogues.Still,inadequaciesofpeople-to-peoplediplomacytowardsSouthAsiaremain,manifestedbyunbalancedexchangepatternandratherweaksocialinfluenceawaitsfurtherenhancement.Inordertomakeuptheinadequacies,theauthorscontendthatthefollowingmeasuresneedtobeadopted:1)tofullyplaythegovernment’sroleandbreaktheexistingbottleneckinpeople-to-peoplediplomacy;2)tolistmediaexchangeandstudy-abroadprogramaskeyareasoftheagenda;3)togiveatrialofconductingpeople-to-peoplediplomacyincasesofBhutanandMaldives,exploringcomparativeadvantagestoofficialdiplomacy.Theseproposalsmayvary,however,theaimtoexpandtheoptimalreachofChina-SouthAsiapeople-to-peoplediplomacywithcreativeforms,leavesunchanged.InChina’soveralldiplomaticagenda,SouthAsiaownsquadri-categories,whicharemajorpowers,neighboringanddevelopingcountriesandmultilateralregions.Undoubtedly,SouthAsiaisentitledtostatusandimportancebecauseofthesecharacteristics,covering8sovereigntycountriesofgreatdifferences,namelyIndia,Pakistan,NepalandMaldivesetc.Throughouthistory,ChinaandSouthAsiahavewitnessedlong-standingculturalexchanges,gradualdeepeningofeconomicandsocialcontacts,closerintimacyamongpeoples’interactionsandprosperousdevelopmentofpublicdiplomacy.Despiteofallthese,problemsremainunsolvedthatneedfurtherconsiderationandsolutioninresponse.

简介：TostudyIgGsubclassesforthehepatitisBvirus(HBV)coreantigen(anti-HBc)indifferentpopulations,acomparisonwasmadebetween104chroniccarriers(60maleand44female)and434recoveredindividuals(247maleand192female).BiochemistryanalysesofAST(aspartateaminotransferase)andALT(alanineaminotransferase)werealsoperformed.Amongthe104chroniccarriers,21patientswerefoundtobeALTandASTabnormal(＞25IU/ml).AftercomparingtheseALTandASTabnormalpatientswithotherALTandASTnormalchroniccarriers,nostatisticaldifferencewasobservedintheODvaluesoftheanti-HBe(p＞0.05).TheELISAresultsshowedtheanti-HBcIgGsubclasspatternwasIgG1＞IgG3＞IgG4inchroniccarriersandIgG3＞IgG1＞IgG4inrecoveredindividuals(p＜0.05).ThisresultsuggeststheIgG1/IgG3ratiomayberelatedwithHBVstatus.However,inspiteofthedifferentanti-HBcIgG1/IgG3patternsdemonstratedindifferentpopulations,bothanti-HBcIgG1andIgG3concentrationsweresignificantlyhigherinchroniccarriers(p＜0.05).Therefore,boththeanti-HBcIgG1/IgG3ratioandtheiramountsdiffered.Theymayplayasignificantroleinchroniccarriersandrecoveredindividuals.Theanti-HBcIgGsubclassprofilesofchroniccarrierswerenotchangedregardlessofliverinflammation,andwereindependentofsexandage.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.

简介：

简介：摘要Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has both diagnostic and therapeutic clinical applications. This review article focuses on recent advances in two commonly performed procedures: EUS-guided tissue acquisition and EUS-guided drainage. There is a shift from acquiring aspirates for cytology to obtaining tissue cores for histological diagnoses and molecular analyses. There is growing interest and research about artificial intelligence in EUS. Artificial intelligence may potentially be useful to guide clinical decision making if biopsy results are non-diagnostic. The range of EUS-guided drainage procedures has expanded. EUS-guided drainage of walled-off pancreatic fluid collections is an accepted first line treatment option. EUS-guided palliative drainage of malignant biliary obstruction after unsuccessful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is now an accepted alternative to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage for management of acute cholecystitis is now a preferred option over percutaneous cholecystostomy for non-surgical candidates. Other EUS-created gastrointestinal anastomoses such as EUS-guided gastroenterostomy in the context of gastric outlet obstruction, and EUS-directed transgastric ERCP for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are now technically feasible, but further prospective randomized studies are needed to establish the actual clinical impact.

简介：AbstractBackground:Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (GBTC) has greatly damaged the health of patients and is accompanied by a dismal prognosis. The worldwide distribution of GBTC shows extensive variance and the updated data in China is lacking. This study was to determine the current status, trends, and predictions in the burden of GBTC over the past 30 years in China.Methods:This was a descriptive, epidemiological, secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study 2019 data. Data including incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of GBTC in China by year, age, and sex were assessed. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to evaluate trends of disease burden due to GBTC from 1990 to 2019. Nordpred age-period-cohort analysis was applied for the projection of mortality and incidence due to GBTC from 2019 to 2044.Results:Nationally, there were 38,634 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 27,350–46,512) new cases and 47,278 (95% UI: 32,889–57,229) patients due to GBTC, causing 34,462 (95% UI: 25,220–41,231) deaths, and 763,584 (95% UI: 566,755–920,493) DALYs in 2019. Both cases and rates of burden owing to GBTC were heavier among males and at old age. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs of GBTC generally increased from 1990 to 2019, with average annual percentage change at 0.8% (95% confidential interval [CI]: 0.6–1.0%), 1.3% (95% CI: 1.1–1.5%), 0.4% (95% CI: 0.2–0.6%), and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1–0.4%), respectively. Even though the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized mortality rate in both sexes were predicted to decline gradually from 2019 to 2044, the number of new cases and deaths were expected to grow steadily.Conclusions:GBTC is becoming a major health burden in China, particularly among males and older individuals. Given the aging population and increasing burden, effective strategies and measurements are urged to prevent or reduce the number of new cases and deaths of GBTC.

简介：AIM:Toanalyzethemismatchrepair(MMR)statusandtheARID1Aexpressionaswellastheirclinicopathologicalsignificanceingastricadenocarcinomas.METHODS:WeexaminedtheexpressionsofMMRproteinsandARID1Abyimmunohistochemistryinconsecutive489primarygastricadenocarcinomas.Theresultswerefurthercorrelatedwithclinicopathologicalvariables.RESULTS:ThelossofanyMMRproteinexpression,indicativeofMMRdeficiency,wasobservedin38cases(7.8%)andwassignificantlyassociatedwithanolderage(68.6±9.2vs60.4±11.7,P<0.001),afemalesex(55.3%vs31.3%,P=0.004),anantrallocation(44.7%vs25.7%,P=0.021),andadifferentiatedhistology(57.9%vs39.7%,P=0.023).AbnormalARID1Aexpression,includingreducedorlossofARID1Aexpression,wasobservedin109cases(22.3%)andwassignificantlycorrelatedwithlymphaticinvasion(80.7%vs69.5%,P=0.022)andlymphnodemetastasis(83.5%vs73.7%,P=0.042).ThetumorswithabnormalARID1AexpressionmorefrequentlyindicatedMMRdeficiency(47.4%vs20.2%,P<0.001).AmultivariateanalysisidentifiedabnormalARID1Aexpressionasanindependentpoorprognosticfactor(HR=1.36,95%CI:1.01-1.84;P=0.040).CONCLUSION:OurobservationssuggestthattheAIRD1Ainactivationisassociatedwithlymphaticinvasion,lymphnodemetastasis,poorprognosis,andMMRdeficiencyingastricadenocarcinomas.

简介：讨论屏蔽2002的营养的风险(NRS2002)是否为营养的风险在造血的干细胞移植(HSCT)前后为白血病病人屏蔽是适当的，并且是否在其它有风险差别的目的调节，例如年龄，性和匹配的度；发现营养的风险在HSCT前后为这些病人屏蔽的方法和指示物，处理以便给及时干预保证全部移植的成功的结束。99个白血病病人的方法营养的风险在HSCT前后与NRS2002被屏蔽。，2测试被使用比较象年龄，性和匹配的度那样的组之间的风险差别另外的枚举数据的差别，例如最近(13个月)重量损失，在一个星期和BMI以内的减少的食物吸入，被连续性修正比较。99个白血病病人，结果22个盒子(22.2%)在HSCT前有营养的风险，当所有病人在HSCT以后有营养的风险时；有在在男性和女性之间的营养的风险的没有重要差别，和不到30岁的病人，不完整匹配，最近(13个月)重量损失，在一个星期或BMI以内的减少的食物吸入<18.5是更可能的有营养的风险；并且77个盒子(77.8%)有重量损失，49个病人(63.6%)在一个月以内在之中有超过5%重量损失。这研究显示出的结论白血病病人竟然收到在HSCT，和NRS2002前后通常屏蔽的营养的风险，这为营养的风险在HSCT前屏蔽仅仅是适当的。更多的注意应该对病人被给予不到30岁或不完整匹配。重量变化是为在HSCT以后的病人的重要营养的指示物之一。

简介：

简介：

简介：AbstractThe oxygen reserve index (ORI) is a new technology that provides real-time, non-invasive, and continuous monitoring of patients' oxygenation status. This review aimed to discuss its clinical utility, prospect and limitations. A systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect was performed with the keywords of "oxygen reserve index," "ORI," "oxygenation," "pulse oximetry," "monitoring," and "hyperoxia." Original articles, reviews, case reports, and other relevant articles were reviewed. All articles on ORI were selected. ORI can provide an early warning before saturation begins to decrease and expands the ability to monitor the human body’s oxygenation status noninvasively and continuously with the combination of pulse oximetry so as to avoid unnecessary hyperoxia or unanticipated hypoxia. Although the technology is so new that it is rarely known and has not been applied to routine practices in hospitals, it shows good prospects for critical care, oxygen therapy, and intraoperative monitoring.

简介：

简介：Themodelofrigidandelastic-plasticmotionandstraininintraplateblocksisestablishedinthepaper.Theuniqueofstrainparametersandminimumroot-mean-squareerrorofvelocityresidualofblocksaretestedinthemodel.BasedonthevelocityfieldsinChinesemainlandanditsperipheralareas,thestrainparametersof8blocksareestimatedandtheirstrainstatusanalyzed.Theestimatedstrainstatusofeachblockiswellconsistentwiththosederivedbythemethodsofgeologyandgeophysics.TheprincipaldirectionofcollisionforcefromIndiaplatetoEurasiaplateestimatedfromtheazimuthofprincipalcompressivestrainofHimalayablockmightbeN7.1°E.

简介：Riceleaffolder,Cnaphalocrocismedinalis,isoneofthemajorfoliagefeedersfoundinthericegrowingregionsinIndia.Whenthecropwasatmaturity,numerousadultsofriceleaffolderwerefoundinthericefieldsthoughthelarvalpopulationgraduallydecreased,andnoeggswerefoundonriceleaves.ThepopulationcharacteristicsofC.medinaliswereassessedbasedonthephysiologicalagestatusofadultsatdifferentcropgrowthstages.Basedoneggdevelopmentwithinovarioles,ovarioleappearance,numberandcolouroffatbodies,andcharacteristicsofbursacopulatrix,physiologicalagestatusoftheadultswasdescribed,whichservedasabasisforthedeterminationofagecomposition.C.medinalisadultswerefoundduringthefirstweekofAugustonriceplants,ofwhich44%wereinAge0withimmatureovaries,indicatingimmigrants.However,28%adultseachwereatAges1–2withdevelopingovaries,indicatinglocalbreedingpopulation.Thecarryoverandoff-seasonsurvivalofC.medinaliswerealsostudiedtodeterminethecontributionofthealternativehostsinthepopulationgrowththathelpedindevisingefficientmanagementstrategies.RicewasthemostpreferredhostfollowedbyTriticumaestivum,EchinochloacrusgulliandBrachiariaplantaginea.VariousroutesofthecarryoverofC.medinalisfromseasontoseasonwerediscussed.

简介：无

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheeffectsofhyperbaricoxygen(HBO)therapyonpatientswithpostbraininjuryneuralstatus.Methods:Twoto4coursesofHBOtherapyand/ormedicationswereusedtotreat320patientswhowererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Assessmentwasmadewith99mTc-ethylcysteinatedimer(99mTc-ECD)singlephotonemissioncomputedtomography(SPECT)beforeandaftertreatment.Results:TherewasasignificantdifferencebetweentheHBOtherapygroupandthenon-HBOtherapygroup.HBOtherapywassuperiortomedicationtreatmentaloneintherecoveryofclinicalsymptoms,controlofepilepsy,andresolutionofhydrocephalus(P<0.01).Conclusions:HBOtherapyhasspecificcurativeeffectsonpatientswithpostbraininjuryneuralstatus,and99mTc-ECDSPECTcouldplayanimportantroleindiagnosingpostbraininjuryneuralstatusandmonitoringthetherapeuticeffectsofHBO.