简介:Inthecontextof1980—1992JMA(JapanMeteorologicalAgency)GMSTBBgriddeddataset,studyisundertakenofannualcyclefeaturesofFFT-derivedwindowpowerspectrumaveragedovertherecordlength,withlocalizedspace/timecharacteristicsoflow-frequencyoscillation(LFO)inthetropicalatmosphereinvestigatedalongsidepossiblecauses.ItturnsoutthattheLFOtakesonsurprisinglynoticeableannualcyclefeaturesmarkedbyawidervariablerangeoftheLFOperiodsovernortherntropicsthanthesoutherncounterpartandequatorialvicinity.Inaddition,onthewhole,thesignalsaremoreintenseintheNorthernHemisphereduringsummer/autumnandatequatorial/southernlatitudeswhennorthernwinter/springoccuraswell.Also,notallthesefeaturesareidenticalfordifferentsegmentsatthesamelatitudes,displayingsignaturesonalocalbasis,andthespatial/temporallocalitycanbequalitativelyinterpretedintermsofnonlinearinteractionbetweentropicalwaves,andmodulationofdiabaticheatingontheLFOperiods.
简介:Acoupledmodel,whichisemployedtostudythedominatingfactorandkeyareaofElNinocycleformation,consistsofadynamicaloceanmodelandastatisticalatmosphericmodel.ThecoupledmodelwithseasonalforcingsuccessfullyreproducestheElNinoeventcyclewhichexhibitsquasi-regularoscillationswithapreferredperiodofabout4years.Theresultsshowthattheheatcontent(HC)istransportedbetweentheeasternandthewesterntropicalPacificareas.ThespatialdistributionofHCanomaliesforfourphasesofthewholecycleclearlyshowsapossibleformationmechanismofElNino.ExperimentsfurthersuggestthatseasurfacetemperatureinthetropicalPacificandHCinthecentraltropicalPacificarethemostimportantfactorsandthecentraltropicalPacificisthemostimportantareafordeterminingformationofElNinocycle.
简介:Inthisstudy,wefocusonchangesinthreeimportantcomponentsofthehydrological-cycleintheHaiheRiverbasin(HRB)during1957-2005:precipitation(Prep),actualevaportranspiration(ETa),andpanevaporation(PE)-ameasureofpotentialevaporation.ThechangesinthesecomponentshavebeenevaluatedinrelationtochangesintheEastAsiansummermonsoon.SummerPrepforthewholebasinhasdecreasedsignificantlyduring1957-2005.Recentweakeningoftheconvergenceoftheintegratedwatervaporflux,incombinationwithachangefromcyclonic-likelarge-scalecirculationconditionstoanti-cyclonic-likeconditions,ledtothedecreaseinthesummerPrepintheHRB.ETaispositivelycorrelatedwithPrepontheinterannualtimescale.Onlongertimescales,however,ETaislessdependentonPreporthelarge-scalecirculation.WefoundnegativetrendsinETawhentheERA40reanalysisdatawereused,butpositivetrendsinETawhentheNCEP/NCARreanalysisdatawereused.PEdeclinedduringtheperiod1957-2001.ThedecliningofPEcouldbeexplainedbyacombinationofdecliningsolarradiationanddecliningsurfacewind.However,thedecliningsolarradiationmayitselfberelatedtotheweakeningwinds,duetoweakerdispersionofpollution.Ifso,thedownwardtrendofPEmaybemainlycausedbyweakeningwinds.
简介:Theinterannuatatmosphere-ocean-seaiceinteraction(AOSI)inhighnorthernlatitudesisstudiedwithaglobalatmosphere-ocean-seaicecoupledmodelsystem,inwhichthemodelcomponentsofatmosphereandlandsurfacearefromChinaNationalClimateCenterandthatofoceanandseaicearefromLASG,InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences.Adailyfluxanomalycorrectionschemeisemployedtocoupletheatmospheremodelandtheoceanmodelwiththeeffectofiahomogenityofseaiceinhighlatitudesisconsidered.Thecoupledmodelsystemhasbeenrunfor50yrandtheresultsofthelast30yearsareanalyzed.Afterthesealevelpressure(SLP),surfaceairtemperature(SAT),seasurfacetemperature(SST),seaiceconcentration(SIC),andseasurfacesensibleheatflux(SHF)arefilteredwithadigitalfilterfirstly,theirnormalizedanomaliesareusedtoperformthedecompositionofcombinedcomplexempiricalorthogonalfunction(CCEOF)andthentheyarereconstructedwiththeleadingmode.Theatmosphere-ocean-seaiceinteractionsinhighnorthernlatitudesduringaperiodicalcycle(approximately4yr)areanalyzed.Itisshownthat:(1)WhentheNorthAtlanticOscillation(NAO)isinitspositivephase,thesoutherlyanomalyappearsintheGreenlandSea,SATincreases,thesealoseslessSHF,SSTincreasesandSICdecreasesaccordingly;whentheNAOisinitsnegativephase,thenortherlyanomalyappearsintheGreenlandSea,SATdecreases,thesealosesmoreSHF,SSTdecreasesandSICincreasesaccordingly.TherearesimilarfeaturesintheBarentsSea,butthephaseofevolutionintheBarentsSeaisdifferentfromthatintheGreenlandSea.(2)Foranaverageofmulti-years,thereisacoldcenterintheinnerpartoftheArcticOceanneartheNorthPole.Whenthereisananomalyoflowpressure,whichisclosertothePacificOcean,intheinnerpartoftheArcticOcean,anomaliesofwarmadveetionappearintheregionnearthePacificOceanandanomaliesofcoldadvectionappearintheregionneartheAtlanticOcean.A
简介:层(PBL)在台风Sinlaku(2008)在第二等的eyewall形成(SEF)和eyewall代替周期(ERC)上处理的不同行星的边界的效果被使用天气研究并且预报(WRF)有六不同PBL的模型策划调查。SEF和ERC成功地为在我们的以前的学习建议的SEF和ERC与所有六个PBL计划和机制被模仿了被重新证实。它被表明那两个暴风雨和里面动人的外部螺线雨线的增强贡献SEF。在SEF以后,加热的联系diabatic提高第二等的eyewall推进,并且到主要eyewall的从外部区域的潮湿的空气的转移被第二等的eyewall割掉。以如此的一个方法,主要eyewall死,ERC完成。一些模仿了SEF和ERC的特征,这被发现,例如ERC的SEF和持续时间的时间和地点,确实从一模拟变化到另外一个。以便描述SEF和ERC份量上的特征,一个同心eyewall索引(CEI)被定义,CEI的阀值被建议决定第二等的eyewall的发作。在模仿的SEF和ERC的差别被讨论,一些可能的原因被建议。基于CEI阀值和尖动量的能量守恒定律,另外,预言SEF的地点的一个公式也被建议并且适用于所有六模拟。公式的成功和失败然后被讨论。
简介:在这份报纸,在一条贝它隧道的一个新短暂强迫的伪反响的三个一组相互作用理论被建议调查在由带的wavenumbers组成的行星规模的流去的流动之间的相互作用1鈥吗?并且摘要规模的波浪在堵住的生命周期期间由一个早期的堵住区域在上游的修理的摘要规模的涡度来源连续地生产了。这被显示出重叠起始为带的wavenumbers的三个Rossby波浪1(单极),2(偶极子),并且3(单极),它允许三个一组伪回声,能代表一个早期的堵住事件。摘要规模的旋涡可以行动放大早期的堵住并且与强壮的曲流使堵住的发行量激动,模式其流动取决于先存在的行星的波浪和紧张和地点的起始的振幅摘要规模的波浪。堵住的行星规模的裂口流动的发作(腐烂)被带的wavenumber的振幅的猛烈增加(减少)主要代表2部件,有偶极子与先存在有关的南方的结构摘要规模的旋涡。堵住的模型的典型坚持时间具有大约20天,与堵住模式的观察一致。在我们的模型,孤立不对称的偶极子堵住被摘要规模的波浪形成。全部的streamfunctions的即时地展出显著相似到在堵住的生命周期期间观察的摘要的地图。在发作阶段期间,摘要规模的波浪被提高并且由于放大堵住的反馈在堵住的区域附近分成了二个分支,与在真实堵住的事件的摘要规模的波浪的观察变化一致。另外,堵住的诊断案例研究被介绍证实强迫的伪反响的三个一组相互作用理论这里求婚了。关键词伪反响的三个一组相互作用-堵住波浪-摘要规模的波浪-堵住大小写