简介:Agreenhousepotexperimentwasconductedwithhybridrice(OryzaSativaL.)inordertostudyNStatusandutilizationintherhizosphereofrice,Theexperimentwascomposedofthreetreatments:withoutN,15NH4-Nand15NO3-N.Plantrootswereseparatedfromthesoilbyanyloncloth,and1mmincrementsofsoil,movinglaterallyawayfromtheroots,weretakenandanalyzedforvariousNfroms.ThelabelledNintheplantsrangedfrom67\51%to69.24%ofthetotalamountofNabsorbedbythericeseedlingswiththelabelledfertilizerNtreatments.ThisshowsthattheNinthePlantscamemainlyfromthefertilizers.However,theNabsorbedbythericeseedlingsaccountedforlessthan35%ofthetotalamountoftheNdepletioninthesoilnearthericeroots,indicatinganimportantNlossintherhizosphereofrice.Thesoilredoxpotential(alltreatments)andtheconcentrationofthelabelledNO3-N(thelabelledNH4-Ntreatmentonly)decreasedasthedistancefromthericerootsincreasedintherhizosphereofrice.Incontrast,theconcentrationofthelabelledNH4-Nincreasedasthedistanceuincreasedinthesamesoilzone.Theseresultssuggestedthatnifrificationoccurredinthesoilaroundthericeroots.Therefore,thereasonfortheNlossintherhizosphereofricemightbetheNO3movementintothereductivenon-rhizospheresoil(submerged)wheredenitrificationcantakeplace.
简介:TheprimaryconservationobjectiveinChinaistoestablishnaturereservestoprotectbiologicalresourcesandnaturalheritage,protectecosystemswhichareofglobalimportanceorhaveuniqueregionalfeatures,protectendangeredandthreatenedspeciesandtheirhabitat,andsafeguardthegeneticresources.By2000,thenumberofnaturereservesincreasedto1,276,whileatthesametime,thetotalareaprotectedinnaturereserveswasupto123millionha.Ofthetotalnumberofreserves,908sites...
简介:Inrecentyears,thequantityandqualityofglobalforestresourcesaredecliningcontinually.Contrarily,thebothinChinaareincreasing,whichisdeeplyrelatedtothesustainableforestmanagementandeco-systemmanagementinChina.Withthetrendthatworldcommunityknowsmoreabouttheimportantroleofforest,moreandmorefunctionsofforestarerecognized.TheimpactandfunctionsofChina'sforestrydeservemoreconcern.Basedonsomeexperiencesinthefieldofforestryresearch,theauthors...
简介:ThemainproductsandspecialzonesofChina’sfurnitureindustrywerepresentedfirstlyinthispaper.Somefeaturesoffurnitureindustrywerereviewed,includingthesourcecountriesoffurniturematerials,mainspeciesoffurniturematerials,thedistributionofmajorproducersandthemainmarketsofChina’sfurniture.Inaddition,themanagementoffurnitureindustrywasdescribedintheend.
简介:AtpresentbiomassenergyindustryisinitsinfancyinChinaandithasabrightfuture.Biomassenergyproductionusedgrainasrawmaterialshasenteredindustrializationphase.Somekeytechnologiesofbiomassenergyindustryarecomingtomature.Chinahasissuedrelevantindustrialstandardslawsandregulations,andhasprovidedsupportinfinance,loan,tax,etc.ButChina'sbiomassenergyindustryisfacedwithmanyproblemswhichneedtobesolved.Forexample,takinggrainasrawmaterialsisunsustain...
简介:ResearchonhybridriceinJiangsuProvince,Chinabeganin1970.Greatprogresshasbeenmadesincethen,whichcanbedividedintothreestagesaccordingtothedevelopmentofhybridricebreedingandproductioninJiangsuProvince.Thefirststagewasbeginningstagefrom1970to1980,whenprogresswasmainlymadeincytoplasmicmalesterilelinebreeding.Thesecondstagecouldbedescribedasdevelopingstage,from1980to1995,whenindicahybridricewasrapidlypopularized,andjaponicahybridricebecamepopularlater.From1996,hybridricebreedinginJiangsuProvinceenteredthethirdstage,whenbothindicaandjaponicahybridricebreedinginthethree-linesystemorintersubspecifichybridricebreedinginthetwo-linesystemmadeagreatbreakthroughwiththesuccessfulbreedingofthehybridsTeyou559,9You138andLiangyoupeijiu.ThedevelopingtrendofhybridricebreedinginJiangsuProvinceisalsodiscussed.
简介:Fromthreedifferenthistoricalphases,thearticlesummarizesthedevelopmentprocessonforestrycooperativeorganizationsinChinasince1949,andanalysesthetypes,functionsandexistingproblemsofcurrentforestrycooperativeorganizations.Drawingontheexperienceofothercountriesforreference,theauthorsbringforwardpolicysuggestionsonfacilitatingthedevelopmentofforestrycooperativeorganizationsandstrengtheningstandardizedmanagement.
简介:Ofthemanyservicesthatforestsprovide,hydrologicalservicesareamongthemostvaluable,anditbecomesmorescarcewiththegrowingdemandsbyhumanbeings.Asakindofincentivemeasureforprotectingforest,foresthydrologicalservicesmarketshavebeendevelopedinmanycountriesaroundtheworldandsomevaluableexperienceshavebeenachieved.Thepaperreviewstheexperimentscarriedoutintheworldandtheirresearchfindingsonforesthydrologicalservicesmarket,andpresentstheissuesto...
简介:Thefeasibilityofthetechnologieshasbeendiscussedinthepaperthatbambooisusedformiddlingandtop-gradebuildingconstruction,architecturedecorating,andothermajorapplications.Thecontentincludesthecurrentapplicationofbamboomaterialsinconstructionfield;thebamboobearingmaterialtechnologicalprocesssuchasthelaminatedbambooboard,bamboomatplywoodprocesses;bambooceilingandwallmaterialtechnologiessuchasthebambooparticleboard,cement-bondedbambooparticlebo...
简介:Larixspp.woodisoneofthemajorfast-growingtreespeciesinChina,whichalsohasthemostforeststorageinthenortheastofChina.SeveralkeypropertiesmodificationmethodsandachievementsofLarixspp.woodweresummarizedbasedontheircharacteristics.TechnologyproblemsofpropertiesmodificationandnewuseprospectofmodifiedLarixspp.woodwerealldiscussed.
简介:PyriculariaoryzaeanamorphofMagnaportheoryzaeisoneofthemostnotoriousfungalpathogenscausingsevereeconomiclossinriceproductionworldwide.Variousmethods,viz.cultural,biologicalandmolecularapproaches,areutilizedtocounteractthispathogen.Moreover,sometolerantorresistantricevarietieshavebeendevelopedwiththehelpofbreedingprogrammes.Isolationandmolecularcharacterizationofdifferentblastresistancegenesnowopenthegatefornewpossibilitiestoelucidatetheactualallelicvariantsofthesegenesviavariousmolecularbreedingandtransgenicapproaches.However,thebehavioralpatternofthisfungusbreakupstheresistancebarriersintheresistantortolerantricevarieties.Thishost-pathogenbarrierwillbepossiblycounteredinfutureresearchbycomparativegenomicsdatafromavailablegenomesequencedataofriceandM.oryzaefordurableresistance.Presentreviewemphasizedfascinatingrecentupdates,newmolecularbreedingapproaches,transgenicandgenomicsapproaches(i.e.miRNAandgenomeediting)forthemanagementofblastdiseaseinrice.Theupdatedinformationwillbehelpfulforthedurable,resistancebreedingprogrammeinriceagainstblastpathogen.
简介:Phosphorus(P)isalimitedresourcethatcouldbedepleted.Consequently,recyclingthePcontainedinsewagesludge,includingsewagesludgeincinerationash(SIA),fromwastewatertreatmentplantsisapossibilitytobeexplored.Agreenhouseexperimentusingannualryegrass(LoliummultiflorumL.)wasperformedwithanexperimentaldesignofthreecompletelyrandomizedblocksoftwosoilsand29treatments:onecontrolwithoutPandtwolevelsof9and26kgtotalPha-1from14differentsources:twelveSIAs(notcontaminatedbytracemetals)fromtheUSandCanada,onecommercialsyntheticfertilizer(triplesuperphosphate(TSP)),andonecommercialrockphosphate(RP).Higherryegrassbiomasslevelswereachievedatthehigherfertilizationrate(26kgtotalPha-1)andwhenusingtheSIAswiththehighestPsolubilitypercentage(PSP)(≥54%oftotalP).ThebiomassincreasesfollowingSIAapplicationwereashighas29%and59%morethanthecontrolforthesandyloamandclayeysoil,respectively,but40%lessthaninTSPforbothsoils.AsimilarbehaviorwasobservedforPuptake,withamaximumincreaseof26%fortheclayeysoil,and165%forthesandyloamsoil.TheryegrassbiomassandPuptakeincreasesduetoSIAapplicationwerelargerthanthoseduetoRPapplicationintheclayeysoil,butsimilartothoseinthesandyloamsoil.TheSIAswithaPSPof≥54%significantlyincreasedsoilavailablePstocksandsaturation.Accordingtoourfindings,weconcludethattheSIAsfrommunicipalandagrifoodindustrieshaveapotentialforPagriculturalrecycling,buttheirefficienciesvary.
简介:氮使用效率(NUE)在中国是很低的,差不多70%应用的氮化肥的损失在high-yielding稻田被报导。以便调查高亲密关系的铵运输或举起的分子的基础进米饭(OryzasativaL.),我们分析了九铵的表示侧面transporters(AMT),OsAMT1的三各个,OsAMT2和OsAMT3,根据外部N地位在象在这些表示模式的变化一样的米饭生长的二个不同N要求阶段(年轻幼苗阶段和tillering阶段)使用即时反向的抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)。结果建议九OsAMT基因在米饭植物的不同机关被表示,包括成熟的根,新根,茎,旧叶子和新叶子并且表示模式是相应蛋白质的位置在种系发生的树上特定、独立的机关。OsAMT1;1,3;2和3;3在根和射击被表示,首先旧的叶子,OsAMT1;2和1;3主要在根,和OsAMT2;1,2;2,2;3和3;1主要在射击,首先在新叶子,并且相对更在里面茎比另外的基因。在二个不同N要求阶段的表示模式是一样;在有更大的N要求的tillering阶段,然而,OsAMTs抄本层次比在有低N要求的年轻幼苗阶段的那些大。为48h的N饥饿起来调整的OsAMT1;1,1;2,3;1,3;2,3;3并且下面调整的OsAMT1;3mRNA丰富。后面的N饥饿,NH4+和NH4NO3再供给下面调整的OsAMT1;2和3;3并且起来调整的OsAMT1;3,而NO3再供给下面调整的OsAMT1;1和1;2。这些建议OsAMT的器官特定的表示模式能被N要求和外部N地位调整。
简介:Greeninfrastructureisclassicpublicgoodswhichcanbeutilizedbyeverybodysimultaneouslyatanytimeoftheday.Greeninfrastructurewhichistheinterconnectedsystemofgreenspacesthatconservesnaturalecosystemvaluesandfunctions,sustainscleanairandwater,notonlyprovideapleasantandnaturalenvironmentbutalsocontributetoimprovingqualityoflifeinurbanareas.Inotherwordsgreeninfrastructureisthecommunity'snaturallifesupportsystemandtheecologicalframeworkneededforenvironmentalandeconomicsustainabilityinurbanareas.Withinthiscontext,thispaperoffersanoverviewofgreeninfrastructuredevelopmentinMalaysia,itsstatus,constraint,potentialandfuturedirections.ThecasestudyofKualaLumpurcity,whichisoneofthefastestgrowingcitiesinthecountry,highlightsthescenarioofurbanareasdevelopmentinMalaysia.Thisincludestheroleplayedbythegovernmentagenciesandnon-governmentorganizationsindevelopingandpromotingforestareasaspublicparks.Theprovisionsofrecreationalandeducationalfacilitiesintheparksaswellastheprotectionmeasuresoftheresourcesundertakenbyrelevantauthoritiesarealsodiscussed.Thispaperalsohighlightstheresponseofthepublictotheopportunitiesbeingprovidedintheseareasforrecreationandeducationpurposes.
简介:温室实验被进行在在正常、含硒的土壤上种的二个米饭变化(PR116和PusaBasmati1121)调查硒累积和它的抗氧化剂反应。植物生长在早发展的阶段被减少,flowering被10d的一个时期在含硒的土壤上推迟。3–20和13–14增加的硒累积在叶子合拢,在从PusaBasmati1121和PR116变化的谷物的18和3褶层分别地。在从在含硒的土壤上种的大米植物的叶子的硒累积导致了叶绿素内容,氢过氧化物,脯氨酸,免费氨基酸,全部的酚和丹宁内容的重要增加。而过氧化氢酶活动显示出一个反向的趋势,在叶子的类脂化合物peroxidation层次和peroxidase活动增加了。硒累积减少了,这被结束在在庄稼期间,开发而是这些种的米饭的干燥的事内容能由在他们的防卫系统导致改变与硒毒性作斗争。
简介:Riceleaffolder,Cnaphalocrocismedinalis,isoneofthemajorfoliagefeedersfoundinthericegrowingregionsinIndia.Whenthecropwasatmaturity,numerousadultsofriceleaffolderwerefoundinthericefieldsthoughthelarvalpopulationgraduallydecreased,andnoeggswerefoundonriceleaves.ThepopulationcharacteristicsofC.medinaliswereassessedbasedonthephysiologicalagestatusofadultsatdifferentcropgrowthstages.Basedoneggdevelopmentwithinovarioles,ovarioleappearance,numberandcolouroffatbodies,andcharacteristicsofbursacopulatrix,physiologicalagestatusoftheadultswasdescribed,whichservedasabasisforthedeterminationofagecomposition.C.medinalisadultswerefoundduringthefirstweekofAugustonriceplants,ofwhich44%wereinAge0withimmatureovaries,indicatingimmigrants.However,28%adultseachwereatAges1–2withdevelopingovaries,indicatinglocalbreedingpopulation.Thecarryoverandoff-seasonsurvivalofC.medinaliswerealsostudiedtodeterminethecontributionofthealternativehostsinthepopulationgrowththathelpedindevisingefficientmanagementstrategies.RicewasthemostpreferredhostfollowedbyTriticumaestivum,EchinochloacrusgulliandBrachiariaplantaginea.VariousroutesofthecarryoverofC.medinalisfromseasontoseasonwerediscussed.
简介:Atotalof400surfacesoil(0–15cm)sampleswerecollectedfromcultivatedsoilsrepresentingfoursoilseries,namely,Hariharapur,Debatoli,RajporaandNeeleswaraminOrissa,Jharkhand,HimachalPradeshandKeralastatesofIndia,respectively,andwereanalyzedtomeasurethecontentsoftotalandextractableMnandFe,toestablishtherelationshipamongtotalandextractableMnandFeandsoilproperties,andtocharacterizethespatialdistributionpatternofMnandFeinsomecultivatedacidsoilsofIndia.ThecontentsoftotalaswellasextractableMnandFevariedwidelywithextractantsandsoilseries.However,theamountsofMnorFeextractedbydiethylenetriaminepenta-aceticacid(DTPA),Mehlich1,Mehlich3,0.1molL-1HClandammoniumbicarbonateDTPA(ABDTPA)weresignificantlycorrelatedwitheachother(P<0.01).BasedontheDTPA-extractablecontentsandthecriticallimits(2mgMnkg-1soiland4.5mgFekg-1soil)publishedintheliterature,MnandFedeficiencieswereobservedin7%–23%and1%–3%ofthesoilsamples,respectively.Thecontentofsoilorganiccarbon(SOC)hadgreaterinfluenceontotalandDTPA-extractableFethandidsoilpH.GeostatisticalanalysisrevealedthattotalandDTPA-extractableMnandFecontentsintheacidsoilswereinfluencedbysoilpH,SOCcontent,andexchangeablecationslikepotassium,calciumandmagnesium.SpatialdistributionmapsoftotalandDTPA-extractableMnandFeinsoilindicateddifferentdistributionpatterns.