简介：IntroductionThereisnowanewwaytotreathypercholesterolemia,usingamonoclonalantibody(Evolocumab)thatbindstoandinhibitsPCSKA9.MostphysiciansknowthetermPCSK9buthavenoideawhatPCSK9standsfor(includingme).MypurposeforwritingthiseditorialistoeducatemyselfonwhatPCSK9isandwhatitdoes.MyhopeisthatIcanperhapseducatethosereadingthisdocumentaswell.

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简介：Inordertoacknowledgethemulti-infectiondataofSTDpatientsandimprovetheprophylaxisandtherapyforSTDs，297patientsand30healthypeoplewereexaminedusingtheHSV-2plasmaantibody．TheresultsshowedthatallkindsofSTDpatientswereinfectedbyHSV-2indifierentratios．thehighestratiooccurringinsyphilispatients．

简介：1PURPOSOFTHESTUDYThearticle99intheSpecificRulesforEnforcingtheFrontierHealthandQuarantineLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinahasindicatedthatthehealthandquarantineorganizationshallpreventanyforeignersufferingfromvenerealdiseasesfromenteringtheterritory.Becausetheroutineconfirmatorytestforsyphilisfluorescenttreponemalantibodyab-

简介：Objective:Toevaluatetheclinicalutilityoftestingserumanti-treponemapallidumIgMantibodyinthediagnosisofsyphilispatients.Methods:Seventy-twocasesofsyphilisweretestedforspecificIgMantibodywithELISA,andtheresultswerecomparedwithRPRandTPPA.Results:ThesensitivityofIgMantibodywas73.3%(11/15)inprimarysyphilis,88.9%(16/18)insec-ondarysyphilis,andtherewasnosignificantdiffer-encebetweenthesevalues(x^2=1.6363,P>0.10).ThesensitivityofIgMantibodyindiagnosinglatentsyphi-liswasonly26.1%(6/23),muchlowerthanthedetec-tionrateinsymptomaticearlvsvDhilis(x^2=17.6189.P<0.005).RPRandTPPAwereboth100%sensitiveinlatentandearlysymptomaticsyphilis.Twowereposi,fiveforIgMinthe16caseswhohadreceivedregulartreatments2to24monthsbeforeenrolled.Conclusions:SpecificIgMantibodydetectiondoeesnotappearsuperiortoRPRandTPPAindiagnosingprimarysyphilis.ThediagnosisoflatentsyphilisshouldmainlyrelyonRPRandTPPA,sincetherearelowtitersofIgMantibodyatthatstage.IgMantibodytestingaloneshouldnotberecommendedformonitor-ingsyphilisdevelopmentortreatmentefficacy.Fur-therstudiesshouldbeconcerned.

简介：ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＭＥＴＡＳＴＡＳＩＳＡＳＳＯＣＩＡＴＥＤＧＥＮＥＳＣＲＥＥＮＥＤＢＹＭＯＮＯＣＬＯＮＡＬＡＮＴＩＢＯＤＹＨＩＬＱｉＴｅｎｇｐｉｎｇ齐藤平；Ｚｈａｎｇｐｅｉｊｉ张沛基；ＷｅｉＳｈｕｇｕａｎｇ魏曙光；ＣｈｅｎＤｏｎｇ陈东；ＬｉＲｅｎ李仁；Ｗ...

简介：AbstractWith the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases soaring worldwide and limited vaccine availability for the general population in most countries, the monoclonal antibody (mAb) remains a viable therapeutic option to treat COVID-19 disease and its complications, especially in the elderly individuals. More than 50 monoclonal antibody-related clinical trials are being conducted in different countries around the world, with few of them nearing the completion of the third and fourth phase clinical trial. In view of recent emergency use authorization (EUA) from the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) of casirivimab and imdevimab, it is of importance that mAbs, already used to treat diseases such as Ebola and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, are discussed in scientific communities. This brief review discusses the mechanism of action and updates to clinical trials of different monoclonal antibodies used to treat COVID-19, with special attention paid to SARS-CoV-2 immune response in host cells, target viral structures, and justification of developing mAbs following the approval and administration of potential effective vaccine among vulnerable populations in different countries.

简介：IntherecentissueofJournalofSportHealthandScience,thequestionof'Isexercisemedicineorwhat?'wasposed.Wewishtofollowtheeditors’suggestionto'...stimulatefurtherdiscussiononthetopic'1byofferingadditionalpointsofconsiderationtothosediscussedbyNesti2in'Exerciseforhealth:Seriousfunforthewholeperson?'.Wewillspecificallydebate

简介：Exosomes,secretedbymanylivecells,aresmallnon-cellvesicleswithnanoparticle-gradesize.Inadditiontotheoriginalfunctionofdiscardingtheuselessfulmembranemolecules,exosomesareinvolvedinarangeofimmunoregulatoryfunctions.Dendriticcell-derivedexosomesandtumor-derivedexosomesarethebestcharacterizedvesicleswithpotentantitumoreffectbyefficienflyinducingimmuneresponse.Down-regtdationofimmuneresponseorinductionofimmunetoleranceisanotherinterestingfunctionofexosomes，Furtherfunctionalstudiesoftheexosomeswillshedlightontheapplicationofexosomes。

简介：昆虫的天生的免疫系统被划分成包括可溶的受动器分子的生产的体液的防卫和象被血球调停的吞噬作用和封装一样的细胞的防卫。这评论总结细胞的免疫反应的当前的理解。昆虫生产被形态学区分的血球的几种严重地区分的类型，分子并且反遗传因子的标记，和功能。在幼虫或nymph的阶段昆虫传播的区分的血球从二来源产生：在胚胎开始和中层联盟者期间生产的祖先房间导出造血的机关。造血作用和血球区别的规定也包含几条不同发信号小径。吞噬作用和封装要求血球首先作为外国认出一个给定的目标由下游的发信号和受动器回答的激活列在后面。很多体液、细胞的受体被识别了认出不同微生物和多细胞的寄生虫。接着，这些受体的激活刺激调整不同血球功能的很多条发信号的小径。最近的研究也作为为杀死不同外国侵略者要求的很多个体液的受动器分子的重要来源识别血球。

简介：AhybridomacelllineSZ-39secretingmonoclonalantibodyagainstthehumangliomacellhasbeenestablishedbyafusionbetweenNS-1myelomacellsandspleencellsfrommiceimmunizedwithhumangliomacelllines.Monoclonalantibody(McAb)SZ-39wasanalyzedbyELISA,quantitativeabsorption,indirectimmunofluorescenceandABCimmunohistology.McAbSZ-39stronglyboundto9/10gliomacelllines,17/20gliomatissues,weaklyboundtoonelivercancercelllineand1/2lungcancerline,buttheydidnotbandwithothertestedhumancancerlinse.NcAbSZ-39havenocross-reactionwithlymphocyte,ABCredbloodcells,whitebloodcells,bloodplatelet,normalbonemarrowcells,fibroblastcellsand12normalhumantissues.TheresultindicatedtheantigenrecognizedbyMcAbSZ-39maybeaglioma-associatedantigen

简介：AbstractAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the high anti-tumor activity of small molecular cytotoxic payloads. The anti-tumor activity of ADCs is mainly achieved by the direct blocking of the receptor by monoclonal antibodies, direct action and bystander effect of cytotoxic drugs, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. ADCs have been used in adjuvant therapy and rescue treatment of human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, greatly improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Several ongoing clinical trials of ADC for breast cancer and other solid tumors proved the potential of ADCs will provide more promising treatment options for patients with malignant tumors. This review introduces the mechanism and latest clinical progress of ADC drugs approved for HER2-positive breast cancer to guide clinical practice and conduct research.

简介：AspecificcytotoxicagentagainstgastriccancerwasconstructedbycovalentlycouplingthericinAchaintomonoclonalartibody,MGb2.MGb2wasmodifiedbySPDPtointroducethe3-(2-pyridylthio)propionylradicalandthentreatedwithareducedAchaintogiveadisulfidelinkedconjugatethatretainedtheoriginalbindingspecificityoftheantibodymoiety.TheconjugateobtainedretainedtheactivityoftheantibodyandthebiologicalactivityoftheAchainwell.

简介：ObjectivesTocomparetheefficiencyoffourcommercialELISAkitsindetectingtype-specificHSV-2IgGantibodies.MaterialsandMethods:Atotalof125subjects,including105withgenitalulcers,and20controlswithoutanyhistoryofSTDswererecruitedfromtheSTDclinicfordetectionoftype-specificHSV-2IgGantibodywithdifferentkits.FourkindsofcommerciallyavailableELISAkits,includingQuidaHSV2IgGELISA(AifulangBiochemCo.Ltd.,Hangzhou),TORCH-HSV2IgG(JingmeiBiotechCo.Ltd.,Shanghai),Captia^TMHSV2IgG(Trinitybiotech,USA)andHerpeSelectT^TM2ELISAlgG(Focustechnologies,USA)wereusedforevaluation.WesternBlotassaywasperformedasagoldstandard.Results:ComparedtoWesternBlotresults,thesensitivityandspecificityofthekits(QuidaHSV2,TORCHHSV2,Captia^TMHSV2andHerpeSelect^TM2)were13.1%and98.4%,7.5%and100%,100%and11.1%,87.7%and96.7%,respectively.Thepositivepredictivevalue(PV)andnegativePVofthefourkitswere88.9%and54.3%,100%and55.5%,55.6%and100%,96.2%and89.2%,respectively.TheareasundertheROCcurveofthreekits(QuidaHSV2,Captia^TMHSV2andHerpeSelect^TM2)were0.885(0.822-0.948),0.825(0.747-0.902),0.974(0.950--0.998),respectivelyConclusion:TheperformanceofHerpeSelect^TM2isthebestamongthefourkits.Theresultsalsoindicatethatthecommerciallyavailablekitsfordetectionoftype-specificHSV2antibodyshouldbere-evaluatedintermsoftheirvalidity.

简介：Monoclonal(mAb)成功地被用于长期的疾病的治疗，例如癌症，发炎和有免疫力的疾病。与在抗体工程的技术进展，当有减少的immunogenicity的高亲密关系治疗学在聚光灯下面变得，小重组体抗体的开发碎裂。设计重组体抗体碎片的一种流行格式是单个链的改正变量(scFv)分子，父母抗体的VH和VL区域被一个多肽连接器一起在连接。scFv碎片保留目标特性和未经触动的抗体，和罐头的抗原绑定亲密关系被在房间从单个cDNA表示VH和VL区域的宫外的联盟者遗传上在大数量设计并且生产。由于它的更小的尺寸，scFv分子表演在肿瘤穿入改进了pharmacokinetics并且被主人免疫系统更好容忍。

简介：由最近的伦敦穿入深度大小激发了[H。Kim，等，Phys。加快。Lett。114，027003(2015)]并且新奇合成配对情形[O。Erten，R.弗林特，和P.科尔曼，Phys。加快。Lett。114，027002(2015)]做Yb的重费米子超导体CeCoIn5,，我们在显微镜的重费米子格子模型重游超流体反应的问题。从文学，然而，为在重费米子超导体的超流体反应函数的一个明确的表达式是稀罕的。在这份报纸，我们在庆祝Kondo-Heisenberg模型调查超流体密度反应功能。特定，我们从有效fermioniclarge-N导出相应形式主义谁的吝啬地的配对Hamiltonian配对相互作用被假定从有效本地antiferromagnetic交换相互作用发源。有趣地，我们发现身体上正确，如果外部电磁的地直接被联合到重费米子伪粒子而非赤裸的传导电子或本地时刻，温度依赖者超流体密度公式能仅仅被获得。如此的一个唯一的特征为low-temperature/energy热力学和运输行为强调Kondo-screening-renormalized重伪粒子的关键角色。作为重要应用，理论结果与在重费米子超导体CeCoIn5和做Yb的Ce1xYbx有相当好的同意和在后者材料的配对的对称的转变的硬币5作为简单的做效果被解释。另外，为通常遇到的无磁性的杂质的需要的形式主义和非局部的电力学的效果被开发。在向经典115系列解释重费米子超导体由成功启发了，我们期望现在的理论将被使用理解象CeCu2Si2和更通用的多乐队超导体。

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简介：Asimplifiedmultisupportresponsespectrummethodispresented.Thestructuralresponseisasumoftwocomponentsofastructurewithafirstnaturalperiodlessthan2s.Thefirstcomponentisthepseudostaticresponsecausedbytheinconsistentmotionsofthestructuralsupports,andthesecondisthestructuraldynamicresponsetogroundmotionaccelerations.Thismethodisformallyconsistentwiththeclassicalresponsespectrummethod,andtheeffectsofmultisupportexcitationareconsideredforanymodalresponsespectrumormodalsuperposition.Iftheseismicinputsateachsupportarethesame,thesupportdisplacementscausedbythepseudostaticresponsebecomerigidbodydisplacements.Theresponsespectruminthecaseofmultisupportexcitationsthenreducestothatforuniformexcitations.Inotherwords,thismultisupportresponsespectrummethodisamodificationandextensionoftheexistingresponsespectrummethodunderuniformexcitation.Moreover,mostofthecoherencycoefficientsinthisformulationaresimplifiedbyapproximatingthegroundmotionexcitationaswhitenoise.Theresultsindicatethatthissimplificationcanreducethecalculationtimewhilemaintainingaccuracy.Furthermore,theinternalforcesobtainedbythemultisupportresponsespectrummethodarecomparedwiththoseproducedbythetraditionalresponsespectrummethodintwocasestudiesofexistinglong-spanstructures.Becausetheeffectsofinconsistentsupportdisplacementsarenotconsideredinthetraditionalresponsespectrummethod,thevaluesofinternalforcesnearthesupportsareunderestimated.Theseregionsareimportantpotentialfailurepointsanddeservespecialattentionintheseismicdesignofreticulatedstructures.

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简介：细菌的细胞内部的共生在昆虫是很普通的，有在支持生命和生物多样性的进化的重要后果。最近吸引了特别注意的细菌的组是可能在行星上代表最无所不在的endosymbiont的Wolbachiapipientis。W。pipientis是一克否定应尽细胞内部并且似母亲播送了l-proteobacterium，那能与节肢动物和线虫建立共生协会。在节肢动物，Wolbachiapipientis感染在Arachnida被描述了，在Isopoda并且主要在Insecta。他们包括Diptera，翘目，半翅类，Hymenoptera，直翅目和鳞翅目在几乎所有主要昆虫订单被报导了。提高它的传播，W。pipientis能由导致单性生殖，女性化，男性杀死和细胞质的不兼容操作主人复制。几聚合酶链反应调查显示了多达70%所有昆虫种类可以感染W。pipientis。怎么做W。pipientis设法变得在多样的昆虫主人种类确定了？这细胞内部的细菌的共生者种怎么在逃离宿主免疫反应是那么成功的？现在的评论在这块地里介绍最近的进展和进行中的科学努力。这域里的知识的当前的身体被总结，从可得到的genomic信息的展现被介绍，迄今为止未答复的问题在一次尝试被讨论介绍W的唯一的能力的一幅全面图画。pipientis将建立共生并且当躲避主人的免疫系统时，操作复制。