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简介：Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1997.ISBN0-19-815073-3.Pp.ix+514.$125.00.SincetheformationoftheinternationalPlutarchSocietyin1984therehasbeenadramaticincreaseinthenumberofpapers,conferences,articles,andbooksonPlutarch.Dr.Shipley'sthoroughandinsightfulstudyshouldbeassignedanhonoredplaceamongtherecentpublicationsonPlutarchanddeservestohaveawideinfluenceamongnotjustPlutarchscholarsbutalsoamonghistoriansofthefourthcenturyB.C.AgesilaosisoneofthemostcomplexandintriguingcharactersinGreekhistorysincehislifespansfromth...

简介：Micro-bolometerpixelisanessentialelementintheinfraredfocalplanearray(IRFPA)ofinfrareddetectors.Itsresponsetoinfraredradiationisanalyzedinthispaper.Thepixelstructureismodeledasacompositelaminatethinplatewhosesidesaremeasuredwiththethicknessfrom0.1-1μm.Itsmiddleplyisaferroelectricthinfilm.Itstopsurfaceiscoveredwithagoldorplatinuminfraredabsorber,whilethebottomsurfaceisdepositedwithplatinumorlanthanum-nickel.Meanwhilebothsurfacesareapairofelectrodes.Thetopsurfacereceivesinfraredradiationpulsessuccessively.Fortheverytinymicrobolometerpixel,itisassumedthattheinfraredradiationisuniformlydistributedontheplate.Furthermore,astheratioofthesidelengthtothethicknessoftheplateisdramaticallylarge,itisassumedthatheattransferonlytakesplaceacrossthethicknessoftheplate.Thethermal-electric-mechanicalcouplinggoverningequationsaresolvedinaformofFourierseries.Resultsofthedisplacement,temperaturevariationandelectricoutputsignalsofthemicrobolometerpixelstructureunderinfraredradiationareobtained,analyzedandcomparedwithexperimentaldata.

简介：Basedonthesitehistoricalearthquakedata,amethodofseismicriskanalysisispresented.Oncethefrequencyofearthquakeresponseintensityandtherelativevalueshowedalogarithmiclinear,themaximumsimilaritymethodwouldbeusedtoobtainβ,λ,andImax,andalsoachievetheresultsofriskanalysisoneachsite.Atthesametime,the"logictree"methodcanbeusedtocalibratetheuncertaintyoftheriskoneachsite.Thenthefinalresultsofriskanalysisindicatethatthismethodisfeasible,particularlyforthesitesshowingintensityanomaly.

简介：Globalmitigativeandadaptiveeffortshavenotbeenabletoeffectivelyaddresstheadverseimpactscausedbyclimatechange.Therefore,adirectsolutionisneededtoaddressthesignificantresultinglossanddamage(L&D).DuringtheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeheldinDohain2012,theissueofrespondingtoL&Darisingfromclimatechangegainedsuddentractionandbecameoneofthekeyissuesthataffectedtheoutcomeoftheconvention.Inthispaper,astudyonthedefinitionandconnotationsofL&Darisingfromclimatechangewasconducted,togetherwithananalysisofitsrelationshipwithrelatedconcepts,namelyimpacts,vulnerability,andrisks.ThisledtotheproposalofanL&Dconceptualmodelthatismorecomprehensive,withtherecognitionoftheneedtoaddresstheissuethrougheffectivesupplementationofexistingmitigativeandadaptiveefforts.AsystematicelaborationofanL&Dresponsemechanismwasmadebasedonpolitics,law,andthemarket,leadingtoapreliminarypresentationofapossibleformatforanL&Dmechanism.PotentialacademicresearchdirectionsforL&DwerealsoproposedthatcouldserveasreferencesfortheestablishmentofinternationalandnationalL&Dresponsemechanismsandrelatedresearch.

简介：Seismicsafetyassessmentofgravitydamshasbecomeamajorconcerninmanyregionsoftheworldwhiletheeffectsofverticalseismicaccelerationsontheresponseofstructuresremainpoorlyunderstood.Thispaperfirstinvestigatestheeffectofincludingverticalaccelerationsintheslidingresponseanalysisofgravitydamssubjectedtoarangeofhistoricalgroundmotionrecordsseparatedintwogroupsaccordingtotheirsource-to-sitedistance.Analysesshowedthattheincidenceofverticalaccelerationsontheslidingresponseofgravitydamsissignificantlyhigherfornear-sourcerecordsthanforfarsourcerecords.Thepseudo-static30%loadcombinationrule,commonlyusedinpracticetoaccountforthenon-simultaneousoccurrenceofthepeakhorizontalandverticalaccelerations,yieldedgoodapproximationsoftheminimumsafetyfactorsagainstslidingcomputedfromtime-historyanalyses.Amethodforempiricallyestimatingtheverticalresponsespectrabasedonhorizontalspectra,accountingforthedifferenceinfrequencycontentandamplitudesbetweenthetwocomponentsisinvestigated.Resultsfromanalysesusingspectrumcompatiblehorizontalandverticalsyntheticrecordsalsoapproximatedwelltheslidingresponseofagravitydamsubjectedtoseriesofsimultaneoushorizontalandverticalhistoricalearthquakerecords.

简介：在这份报纸，为multiferroic的三维的有限元素的明确的表达合成为它的短暂分析被开发并且实现进商业软件ABAQUS。首先，一个特殊三维的八节点的稳固的元素被设计处理用橡皮做的合成的multiferroic，压电，并且piezomagnetic材料。第二，为这个最新发达的元素的一个自定义子程序被实现进ABAQUS。最后，双性人分层的multiferroic的短暂回答合成被使用直接时间集成方法计算。二个典型磁性的潜在的信号，高斯和Ricker脉搏，被用于与刺激的各种各样的时间持续时间合成。短暂反应能被输入实质地影响的导致的电场表演发信号，它能为最强壮的电的输出被调节。

简介：ThemodelingmethodologiesandcalculationofdynamicresponseofundergroundstructureunderRayleighwavesisinvestigatedinthispaper.FirstthefreefieldresponsesunderRayleighwavesareanalyzedandthenumericalresultsagreewellwiththetheoreticalresults.Then,theapproximateRayleighwavesareputforwardbasedonthepreliminaryre-search,andRayleighwavefieldisobtainedthroughfastFouriertransformtechnique.Takingautilitytunnelasanexample,itsdynamicresponsesunderRayleighwavesiscalculatedbyABAQUS.Theresultsdemonstratethatbendingdeformationisthemaincomponentofstructuraldeformationandthedeformationatthetopofthestructureisabouttwiceasmuchasthatatbottomofthestructure.Theeffectofsoil-structureinterfaceandtheburieddepthofundergroundstructurearealsoinvesti-gatedviaparameteranalysis.Fortheshallowburiedundergroundstructures,Rayleighwavescanbethekeyfactortocontroltheresponsesanddamageofthestructure.

简介：肝炎B病毒(HBV)感染与传染virions和非传染的空表面抗原粒子的版本首先在hepatocytes发生在肝进血液。HBV复制是non-cytopathic。短暂感染运用几个月，和长期的感染的一堂功课经常是终生的。长期的感染能与肝硬化和hepatocellular癌导致肝失败。抵销anti-HBs抗体由在感染的主人包含感染的传播并且便于病毒的粒子的移动和破坏从HBV感染在恢复起一个关键作用，这通常被接受。然而，对病毒的抗原的T房间反应开始的有免疫力的反应在HBVinfection.The为病毒的清理和疾病致病也是重要的病毒的蛋白质，HBsAg，微粒HBcAg，和nonparticulateHBeAg的三种结构的形式，可以优先地得到不同Th房间子集。在不同HBV感染地位的anti-HBs，anti-HBc，和anti-HBe的不同IgG亚纲侧面被揭示。而且，在长期的搬运人的不同IgG亚纲侧面没随着不同中高音和著名计算机生产厂商层次变化并且可以反映刺激抗原之间的差别，有免疫力的反应，并且病毒的疾病的阶段并且在人的HBV感染的高风险为个人为疫苗和预防处理的使用提供基础。这评论阐明在短暂、坚持的感染期间导致的有免疫力的回答的详细理解，和在有HBV感染的病人的免疫疗法和immunodiagnosis的发展，和减少肝的可能的工具损坏。

简介：Inthispaper,anunderwaterstructureismodeledasacylindricalshellwithinternalbulkheads,andclosedbyatruncatedconicalshell,anditconsistsofmetalsubstrateandsoundabsorbingcoating,whoseFGMcoreisconsidered.Supposetheinnercavityandouterspaceofthestructurearefilledwithairandfluidmediums,themechanicalresponseoftheunderwaterstructureiscalculatedwithGalerkinmethodwhiletheacousticresponseisinvestigatedbymeansoftheHelmholtzintegral.Somenumericalexamplesaregivenandtheeffectofgeometricalsizeandmaterialparametersonmechanicalandacousticresponseisdiscussed.

简介：Inthispaper,basedonastochasticmode!forinputsandweights,andinviewofthedisturbanceofcorrelativeandlargeinputandweighterrors,ageneralalgorithmtoobtaintheoutputerrorcharacteristicsofaclassofmultilayeredperceptronswiththresholdfunctionsisproposedbyusingstatisticalapproach.Furthermore,theformulatocalculatetherobustnessofthenetworksisalsogiven.Theresultofcomputersimulationindicatesthecorrectnessofthealgorithm.

简介：ＣＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｕｒｇｅｒｙ，ＤａｐｉｎｇＨｏｓｐｉｔａｌ，ＴｈｉｒｄＭｉｌｉｔａｒｙＭｅｄｉｃａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｃｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ４０００４２，Ｃｈｉｎａ（ＬｉｕＢＳ，ＷａｎｇＺＧ，ＷｅｎｇＧＷ，ＹａｎｇＺＨ，Ｌ...

简介：Alongwiththefastgrowthofworldeconomy,industrializationinparticular,globalissuessuchasclimatechangehavebecomecommonconcernsoftheinternationalcommunity.Climatediplomacyisalsograduallybecomingahottopicontheinternationalagenda.Climatechangeisacommonchallengetotheworldandeverycountrybearstheresponsibilitytoaddressthisissue.ChinaishighlyconcernedaboutclimatechangeandhopestoworkwithEUandtherestoftheworldtomeetthischallenge.

简介：把三维的摇晃表格测试基于six-degree-of-freedom，再循环的总数水泥的地震反应(皇家装甲兵)框架被获得。分析结果显示最大的故事砍力量和翻的时刻还原剂按比例沿着在一样的地震下面的模型的高度飘动。这个故事砍力量，底砍当加速振幅增加，系数和结构的翻的时刻日益增多地增加。底砍系数被山峰地面加速(针网阵列)首先控制。在PGA和shear系数之间以及在PGA和动态扩大因素之间的关系被数学适合获得。动态扩大因素在有弹性塑料的阶段很快减少，但是与有弹性粘性的阶段的发展慢慢地减少。当与自然总数水泥相比框架组织时，结果证明RAC框架结构有合理deformability。分别地，在8测试分阶段执行的经常、稀罕的紧张下面的RAC框架模型的最大的内部故事的飘移比率是1/266和1/29它根据中国地震设计要求比1/500和1/50的许可的价值大。不过，RAC框架结构不从0.066g与针网阵列在基础刺激下面崩溃直到1.170g。

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简介：这篇论文调查有在二补丁的环境的Beddington-DeAngelis功能的回答和时间延期的散开的系统准时放大的三种类的食物链的周期的答案的存在。由基于巧合度理论使用一条继续定理，我们为系统的周期的解决方案的存在获得足够的标准。而且当时间规模T被选择为R或Z时，相应连续、分离的模型的周期的答案的存在列在后面。因此，方法被统一提供连续微分方程和分离差别方程的需要的解决方案的存在。

简介：在最近的十年期间，热带Indo和平的海洋变得逐渐地更温暖。同时，两个都，北、南部的半球的极的旋涡(NPV和SPV)在北方的冬季展出了一个加深的趋势。尽管以前的研究表明了温暖的热带印度洋(IOW)赞成加强的NPV和变弱的SPV，温暖的热带太平洋(战俘)怎么影响NPV和SPV，仍然保持不清楚。在这研究，比较分析通过大气的一般发行量模型(AGCM)试验的整体被进行了。当POW削弱了NPV时，结果证明为北半球，二温暖在北方的冬季施加了相反的影响，因为IOW加强了NPV。为南部的半球，IOW和战俘温暖了南部的极的空气并且削弱了SPV。诊断分析基于涡度预算表明在从在北方的冬季的IOW和战俘的影响的如此的interhemispheric差别与在半球之间的短暂旋涡动量流动集中的不同角色被联系。而且，这差别可能在北方的冬季被连接了到在半球之间的静止波浪活动的不同力量。关键词热带Indo和平的海洋温暖-北、南部的极的旋涡-大气的一般发行量模型-短暂旋涡-静止波浪

简介：Thespatialimpulseresponse(SIR)methodisoftenusedasthe’goldstandard5insimulationoftransientacousticwavefieldsduetoitshighaccuracyinthelineardomain.However,ahighsamplingfrequencyisoftenrequiredinordertoachievethehighaccuracy.Asaresult,alargeamountofdatahastobeprocessed.Inthispaperafastapproachforcomputingspatialimpulseresponseisproposedtoreducethecomputationburden.TheproposedapproachisdevelopedbyemployingtherelationshipofSIRsatobservedpointsandSIRsoftheprojectionpointsonthetransducersurface.Twocriticalparametersusedintheproposedapproach,thecalculationsamplingfrequencyandtheinterpolationsamplingfrequency,arethenanalyzed.Resultsshowthatfora2.25MHzrectangulartransducerwiththesizeof5mmxlOmm,acalculationsamplingfrequencyof1000MHzandaninterpolationsamplingfrequencyof500MHzcanachievesuperiorperformancewhileimprovingthecomputationefficiency18timesthanthedirectsolving.

简介：Background:WithfarmlandafforestationbecomingcommonpolicyinmanyEuropeanUnioncountries,westudiedhowearlyforestsuccession(frommeadowtoyoungstand)influencessmallmammalspeciescomposition,diversity,abundanceandbiomass.Despitenumerousinvestigationsintoforestsuccession,almostnoattentionhasbeengiventothesmallmammalcommunitychangeintheearly-successionalforestecosystems,startingwiththepre-foresthabitatandendingwithstandformationandtheestablishmentoftreedominance.Wecomparedsmallmammalcommunitiesinmeadowsattheinitialstageofregrowth(withsaplingslessthan10cminheight),inyoungforest(5–10yearsold)andmoreadvancedforest(15–20years)inbothcasesofhuman-inducedforestsuccession,wherethetreeshadbeenplanted,andnaturalforestsuccession,wherenaturalregrowthofmeadowshadoccurred.Results:Thegreatestdiversityofsmallmammalspecieswasrecordedinthemeadow(H=2.95),withalowerdiversityfoundintheyoungforest(H=2.61)andevenlowerintheadvancedforest(H=2.04),thelasthabitatbeingthemostmonodominantic.TheorderofspeciesdominancefromMicrotussp.(M.arvalis,M.agrestis),Myodesglareolus,Apodemusflavicollis,Sorexaraneus,A.agrariusinthemeadowchangedtoM.glareolus,S.araneus,M.arvalis,M.agrestisintheyoungforestandtoM.glareolus,A.flavicollis,S.araneusintheadvancedforest.Thelowestrelativeabundanceofsmallmammalswasrecordedinthemeadow(18.19±2.27ind.Per100trap-days),withMicrotusvolesbeingthemostabundant.Relativeabundancewashigherintheyoungforest(22.72±2.25ind.Per100trap-days),withMyodesglareolusbeingthemostabundant(7.59±0.96ind.Per100trap-days)andatitshighestintheadvancedforest(23.91±2.77ind.Per100trap-days),againwithM.glareolusbeingthemostabundant(15.54±2.35ind.Per100trap-days).Conclusions:Thus,ouranalysissuggeststhatthatduringearlymeadow-forestsuccession,thediversityofthe

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