简介：Inthispaper,theSpaceWeatherModelingFramework(SWMF)isusedtosimulatethereal-timeresponseofthemagnetospheretoasolarwindeventonJune5,1998,inwhichtheinterplanetarymagneticfieldshifteditsdirectionfromnorthtosouth.Sincemostcurrentmodelsdonottakeintoaccountconvectiveeffectsoftheinnermagnetosphere,wefirststudytheimportanceofRiceConvectionModel(RCM)intheglobalmodel.Wethenfocusonthefollowingfouraspectsofthemagnetosphere’sresponse:themagnetosphere’sdensitydistribution,thestructureofitsmagneticfieldlines,theareaofthepolarcapboundary,andthecorrespondingionosphericcurrentchange.Wefindthat(1)whentheIMFchangesfromnorthtosouthinthisevent,highmagnetosheathdensityisobservedtoflowdownstreamalongthemagnetopausewiththesolarwind;low-latitudereconnectionatdaysideoccursunderthesouthwardIMF,whilethemagneticfieldlinesinthetaillobecaudal,causedbythenightsidehighlatitudereconnection,extendintotheinterplanetaryspace.Openmagneticfieldlinesexistsimultaneouslyatbothhighandlowlatitudesatthemagnetopause;(2)theareaofthepolarcapisobviouslyincreasediftheIMFturnsfromthenorthtothesouth;thisobservationishighlyconsistentwithempiricalobservations;(3)theionosphericfieldaligncurrentinthenorthernhemisphereisstrongerthaninthesouthernhemisphereandalsoincreasesastheIMFchangesfromnorthtosouth.SWMFwiththeRiceConvectioneffectprovidesreliablemodelingofthemagnetosphericandionosphericresponsetothissolarwindvariation.

简介：Theprojectfocusesonthedynamicanalysisofconcretebeamsreinforcedwithsilica-nanoparticlesunderblastloading.Thestructureislocatedattwoboundaryconditions.TheeffectivecompositepropertiesareobtainedutilisingMori-Tanaktheory.Thestructureissimulatedwithsinusoidalsheardeformationtheory.Applyingstrainsandstress,thebeamenergiesarederivedandutilisingprincipalofHamilton,thefinalequationsarecalculated.Usingmethodofdifferentialquadrature(DQM)andNewmark,thestructuredynamicdeflectionisobtained.Theinfluencesofvolumefractionandagglomerationofsilicananoparticles,parametersofgeometrical,boundaryconditionandblastloadonthedynamicdeflectionarestudied.

简介：Size-basedpartitioningofphytoplanktonisausefultoolformonitoringkeyphytoplanktontraits,anditprovidesabetterunderstandingofphytoplanktondynamics.Ouraimistodeterminethevariationinthedifferentsizeclassesofphytoplanktontothetotalphytoplanktonbiomassduringthespringandautumnof2010andexaminetherelationshipbetweenphytoplanktonsizestructureandenvironmentalvariablesandzooplanktoncommunitystructureneartheChangjiangEstuary.Inthespring,phytoplanktonpopulationswerepredominantlyconsistedofnanophytoplanktonthroughoutthestudyregion.Intheautumn,picophytoplanktonandnanophytoplanktoncollectivelydominatedthephytoplanktoncommunity.APearsoncorrelationanalysishighlightedtheroleoftemperatureandtrophicconditionsonthecontributionsofnanophytoplanktonandpicophytoplankton.Thegrazingpressureexertedbymesozooplanktoncouldhaveplayedanimportantroleindeterminingthemicrophytoplanktoncommunitystructure.

简介：Anumericalmodelofthesteelcatenaryriser(SCR)isbuiltbasedontheslenderrodmodel.Theslenderrodmodel,whichdescribesthebehavioroftheslenderriserintermsofthecenterlineposition,cansolvethegeometricalnonlinearityeffectively.Inamarineenvironment,theSCRisunderthecombinedinternalflowandexternalloads,suchaswaveandcurrent.Ageneralanalysisconsidersonlytheinertialforceandthedragforcecausedbythewaveandcurrent.However,theinternalflowhasaneffectontheSCR;itisessentialtoexplorethedynamicresponseoftheSCRwiththeinternalflow.TheSCRalsosufferstheliftforceandthefluctuatingdragforcebecauseofthecurrent.Finiteelementmethodisutilizedtosolvethemotionequations.Theeffectsoftheinternalflow,waveandcurrentonthedynamicresponseoftheSCRareconsidered.TheresultsindicatethattheincreaseoftheinternalflowdensityleadstothedecreaseofthedisplacementoftheSCR,whiletheinternalflowvelocityhaslittleeffectontheSCR.ThedisplacementoftheSCRincreaseswiththeincreaseofthewaveheightandperiod.AndtheincreasingwaveperiodresultsinanincreaseinthevibrationperiodoftheSCR.ThecurrentvelocitychangesthedisplacementsoftheSCRinx-andz-directions.ThevibrationfrequencyoftheSCRiny-directionincreaseswiththeincreaseofthecurrentvelocity.

简介：Thispaperpresentsastep-by-stepprocedureusingthethree-dimensionalboundaryelementapproachtostudythebehaviorofsemi-circularcanyonsunderseismicshearwaves.TheboundaryelementcodeTDASCallowsutilizationforvariouscanyongeometries,evaluationofconcurrentseismicwavesandcalculationofthegroundmotionsoncanyonsduetoanexcitationatanyarbitrarypointoftheincidentfield.Consideringthewideningratioofthecanyon(includingprismatic,semi-prismaticandnon-prismaticcanyons),wavecharacteristics(wavelength,dimensionlessperiod,direction)andmaximumamplificationpattern,thesolutionwasappliedtocarryoutaseriesofparametricstudies.Itwasshownthatcanyonformcansignificantlyaffectthedisplacementamplification,especiallyatthepointslocatedonitsedges.Byincreasingthewavedimensionlessfrequency(η>1),theamplificationpatternbecomesmorecomplex.Onthebasisoftheresultsfromavarietyofconsideredcases,anewexpressionhasbeenpresentedforthelimitingwavelengthbeyondwhichthewideningofthecanyonwillnothaveamajoreffectonthedisplacementamplification.Toverifythereliabilityoftheproposedapproach,theobtainedresults,expressedintermsofdisplacementamplitude,werecomparedwiththosefromtheavailablepublishedliteratureandareasonablygoodagreementwasobserved.

简介：Thefishbonemodelisasimplifiednumericalmodelformoment-resistingframesthatiscapableofmodellingtheeffectsofcolumn-beamstrengthandstiffnessratios.Theapplicabilityofthefishbonemodelinsimulatingtheseismicresponsesofreinforcedconcretemoment-resistingframesofdifferentsetsofcolumn-beamstrengthandstiffnessratiosareevaluatedthroughnonlinearstatic,dynamicandincrementaldynamicanalysisonsixprototypebuildingsof4-,8-and12-stories.Theresultsshowthatthefishbonemodelispracticallyaccurateenoughforreinforcedconcreteframes,althoughtheassumptionofequaljointrotationdoesnotholdinallcases.Inadditiontothegroundmotioncharacteristicsandthenumberofstoriesinthestructures,theaccuracyofthemodelalsovarieswiththecolumn-beamstiffnessandstrengthratios.Themodelperformsbetterforstrongcolumn-weakbeamframes,inwhichthelateraldriftpatternsarebettercontrolledbythecontinuousstiffnessprovidedbythestrongcolumns.Whentheinelasticdeformationislarge,theaccuracyofthemodelmaybesubjectedtolargerecord-to-recordvariability.Thisisespeciallythecaseforframesofweakcolumns.

简介：Becausetheypossessexcellentvisiblelightabsorptionproperties,lead-freecolloidalcopper-basedchalcogenidequantumdots(QDs)haveemergedinphotoelectronicfields.Bymeansoflocalizedsurfaceplasmonicresonance(LSPR),theabsorptionpropertiesofQDscanbeenhanced.Inthispaper,wefabricatealead-freeCuInSe2QDfieldeffectphototransistor(FEpT)byutilizingtheLSPRenhancementofAunanoparticles(NPs).TheplasmonicFEpTdemonstratesresponsivityupto2.7μA·W-1andaspecificdetectivityof7×103Jonesatzerobiasunderilluminationbya532nmlaser,valuesthatareenhancedbyapproximately200%morethandeviceswithoutAuNPs.Particularly,theFEpTexhibitsamulti-wavelengthresponse,whichisphotoresponsiveto405,532,and808nmirradiations,andpresentsstabilityandreproducibilityintheprogressofON–OFFcycles.Furthermore,theenhancementinducedbyAuNPLSPRcanbeinterpretedbyfinite-differencetimedomainsimulations.Thelow-costsolution-basedprocessandexcellentdeviceperformancestronglyunderscoreleadfreeCuInSe2QDsasapromisingmaterialforself-poweredphotoelectronicapplications,whichcanbefurtherenhancedbyAuNPLSPR.

简介：Pheromone-bindingproteins(PBPs)arethoughttobindandtransportsexpheromonesontotheolfactoryreceptorsonthedendritemembraneofolfactoryneurons,andthusplayavitalroleinsexpheromoneperception.However,thefunctionofPBPshasrarelybeendemonstratedinvivo.Inthisstudy,twoPBPs(PBP1andPBP3)ofChilosuppressalis,oneofthemostnotoriouspyralidpests,wereinvivofunctionallycharacterizedusinginsectswiththePBPgeneknockedoutbytheCRISPR/Cas9system.First,throughdirectinjectionofPBP-singleguideRNA(sgRNA)/Cas9messengerRNAintonewlylaideggs,ahighrateoftarget-geneediting(checkedwithpolledeggs)wasinducedat24hafterinjection,21.3%forPBPl-sgRNAinjectedeggsand19.5%forPBP3-sgRNAinjectedeggs.Second,byanin-crossingstrategy,insectswithmutantPBP1orPBP3(bothwithaprematurestopcodon)werescreenedandhomozygousmutantswereobtainedintheG3generation.Third,themutantinsectsweremeasuredforelectroantennogram(EAG)responsetofemalesexpheromones.Asaresult,bothPBPmutantmalesdisplayedsignificantreductioninEAGresponse,andthisreductioninPBP1mutantswashigherthanthatinPBP3mutants,indicatingamoreimportantroleofPBP1.Finally,therelativeimportanceoftwoPBPsandthepossibleofftargeteffectinducedbysgRNA-injectionarediscussed.Takentogether,ourstudyprovidesadeeperinsightintothefunctionofandinteractionbetweendifferentPBPgenesinsexpheromoneperceptionofC.suppressalis,aswellasavaluablereferenceinmethodologyforgenefunctionalstudyinothergenesandothermothspecies.

简介：Themechanismsofmagnetoreceptionhavebeenproposedasthemagnetitebased,thechemicalradical-pairandbiocompassmodel,inwhichmagnetiteparticles,thecryptochrome(Cry)oriron-sulfurclusterassembly1(IscA1)maybeinvolved.However,littleisknownabouttheassociationamongthemolecules.HereweinvestigatedthemolecularcharacterizationandthemRNAexpressionofIscA1indifferentdevelopmentalstages,tissuesandmagneticfieldsinthemigratorybrownplanthopper(BPH),Nilaparvatalugens.NlIscA1containsanopenreadingframeof390bp,encodingaminoacidsof129,withthepredictedmolecularweightof14.0kDaandtheisoelectricpointof9.10.Well-conservedFe-Sclusterbindingsiteswereobservedinthepredictedprotein.PhylogeneticanalysisdemonstratedNlIscA1tobeclusteredintotheinsect'sIscA1.NlIscA1showedup-regulatedmRNAexpressionduringtheperiodofmigration.ThemRNAexpressionofNlIscA1couldbedetectedinallthethreetissuesofhead,thoraxandabdomen,withthehighestexpressionlevelintheabdomen.ForthemacropterousmigratoryNilaparvatalugens,mRNAexpressionofNlIscA1andN.lugenscryptochromel(Nlcry1)wereup-regulatedunderthemagneticfieldsof5Gaussand10Gaussinstrength(vs.localgeomagneticfield),whileN.lugenscryptochrome2(Nlcry2)remainedstable.Forthebrachyterousnon-migratoryNilaparvatalugens,nosignificantchangeswerefoundinmRNAexpressionofNlIscA1,Nlcry1andNlcry2amongdifferentmagneticfields.ThesefindingspreliminarilyrevealthattheexpressionofNlIscA1andNlcry1exhibitedcoordinatedresponsestothemagneticfield.Itsuggestssomepotentialassociationsamongtheputativemagneto-sensitivemoleculesofcryptochromeandiron-sulfurclusterassembly.