简介：Usingbi-spinorfieldswewritethepseudo-scalarandbi-spinorfieldsthatarecharacterizedbythefieldfunctionsofcoordinatesofseveralparticles,namelymulti-particlefields.Byapplyingthequantizationproceduretothesemulti-particlefields,hadroniccreationandannihilationoperatorshavebeenobtained.

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简介：DNAcondensationisanimportantprocessinmanyfieldsincludinglifesciences,polymerphysics,andappliedtechnology.Inthenucleus,DNAiscondensedintochromosomes.Inpolymerphysics,DNAistreatedasasemi-flexiblemoleculeandapolyelectrolyte.Manyagents,includingmulti-valentcations,surfactants,andneutralpoorsolvents,cancauseDNAcondensation,alsoreferredtoascoil–globuletransition.Moreover,DNAcondensationhasbeenusedforextractionandgenedeliveryinappliedtechnology.ManyphysicaltheorieshavebeenpresentedtoelucidatethemechanismunderlyingDNAcondensation,includingthecounterioncorrelationtheory,theelectrostaticzippertheory,andthehydrationforcetheory.Recentlyseveralsingle-moleculestudieshavefocusedonDNAcondensation,sheddingnewlightonoldconcepts.Inthisdocument,themulti-fieldconceptsandtheoriesrelatedtoDNAcondensationareintroducedandclarifiedaswellastheadvancesandconsiderationsofsingle-moleculeDNAcondensationexperimentsareintroduced.

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简介：Publicationsofarticleswithphysicalliteracyasatopichaveincreaseddramaticallysincethebeginningof2000s.Theaimofthispaperisto,throughanexplorativeliteratureoverviewwithaninductiveapproach,analyzefrequent,andsignificantthemesinpublishedpeerreviewedarticles,withafocusonphysicalliteracy.ThedatabaseEBSCOhasbeenusedwiththeidentifiers'physicalliteracy'and'physicalliteracyandevidence'.FurthermoreICSSPEBulletin'sspecialissueonphysicalliteracyhasbeenincludedintheoverview.Thefindingshaveresultedinthreekeythemes:assumptionsoftheconceptphysicalliteracyanditseducativerole,sportsdevelopmentandphysicalliteracy,andassessmentandphysicalliteracy.Futurestudiesareneededtoexamineiftheadvocatedpedagogicalstrategiesbasedontheconceptphysicalliteracyhaveledtoareorganizedandrevitalizedschoolsubject.Thereisalsoanexistingcritiquetowardsmakingphysicalliteracyanidealisticneutralconceptorsynonymwithfundamentalmovementskillsorsportstalentidentification.Theroleofhighereducationemergesascrucialforthenextstepofthedevelopmentofthescientificframeworkasthisinvolveshowphysicalliteracywillbesociallyconfigured,nurtured,andembodiedinpractice.Copyrightó2015,ShanghaiUniversityofSport.ProductionandhostingbyElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.

简介：Theelectricfieldeffectinultrathinzigzaggraphenenanoribbonscontainingonlythreeorfourzigzagcarbonchainsisstudiedbyfirst-principlescalculations,andthechangeofconductingmechanismisobservedwithincreasingin-planeelectricfieldperpendiculartotheribbon.Widerzigzaggraphenenanoribbonshavebeenpredictedtobespin-splittedforbothvalencebandmaximum(VBM)andconductionbandminimum(CBM)withanappliedelectricfieldandbecomehalf-metalduetothevanishingbandgapofonespinwithincreasingappliedfield.ThechangeofVBMfortheultrathinzigzaggraphenenanoribbonsissimilartothatforthewideroneswhenanelectricfieldisapplied.However,intheultrathinzigzaggraphenenanoribbons,therearetwokindsofCBMs,oneisspin-degenerateandtheotherisspin-splitted,andbotharetunablebytheelectricfield.Moreover,thetwoCBMsarespatiallyseparatedinmomentumspace.Theconductingmechanismchangesfromspin-degenerateCBMtospin-splittedCBMwithincreasingappliedelectricfield.OurresultsareconfirmedbydensityfunctionalcalculationswithbothLDAandGGAfunctionals,inwhichtheLDAalwaysunderestimatesthebandgapwhiletheGGAnormallyproducesabiggerbandgapthantheLDA.

简介：WeassumegeneralizedghostPilgrimdarkenergy(GGPDE)modelinthepresenceofcolddarkmatterinflatFRWuniverse.WithsuitablechoiceofinteractiontermbetweenGGPDEandcolddarkmatter,weinvestigatethenatureofequationofstateparameterforGGPDE.Also,weinvestigatethenaturesofdynamicalscalarfieldmodels(suchasquintessence,tachyon,k-essence,anddilatondarkenergy)andconcernedpotentialsthroughthecorrespondencephenomenonbetweenGGPDEandthesemodels.

简介：Inordertoresearchthefieldsensingcharacteristicofthecarbonfibersmartmaterial,theTikhonovregularizationprincipleandthemodifiedNewton-Raphson（MNR）algorithmwereadoptedtosolvetheinverseproblemoftheelectricalresistancetomography（ERT）.AnERTsystemofcarbonfibersmartmaterialwasdeveloped.Fieldsensingcharacteristicwasresearchedwiththeexperiment.Theexperimentalresultsshowthatthespecificresistancedistributionofcarbonfibersmartmaterialishighlyconsistentwiththedistributionofstructuralstrain.Highresistancezonerespondstohighstrainarea,andthespecificresistancedistributionofcarbonfibersmartmaterialreflectsthedistributionofsamplestrainincoveringarea.Monitoringbycarbonfibersmartmaterialoncomplicatedstrainstatusinsamplefielddomainisrealizedthroughtheoreticalandexperimentalstudy.

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简介：Helixunwindinginferroelectricliquidcrystalsinducedbyanelectricfieldistheoreticallystudiedonthebasisofthecontinuumtheory.Byapplyingaweakelectricfieldtiltedtothesmecticlayers,thecontributionofthedielectricinteractionenergydensitytothetotalfreeenergydensityisincreased.Approximationmethodsareusedtocalculatethefreeenergyfordifferenttiltanglesbetweentheelectricfieldandthesmecticlayers.Theobtainedresultssuggestselectingtheoptimalnumberofpitchesinthefilmthatmatchestotheminimumofthefreeenergy.

简介：6.5Ludian地震引起了617的一个死亡人数的2014大小，许多山崩和几万座折叠大楼。评估损坏到大楼的地调查在地震的出现以后立即被执行。严重地损坏的aseismic大楼，基本上在Longtoushan镇的闹市区被观察，小心地与目的一个一个地被检验改进设计代码。这份报纸总结在两个观察到调查aseismic大楼的损坏结构、本地的层次。一个普通失败模式被观察aseismic大楼的那个大多数例如RC框架结构和限制石工技术结构，被严重损坏或第一个故事的完全的倒塌同样破坏。相关充分的理由运动，在附近的车站被记录，有不到20s的短持续时间但是很大的针网阵列直到1.0g。基于新设计，代码仍然没能完成设计的RC框架为强壮的列指向，弱横梁。典型本地失败细节，与在RC列和填入墙之间并且在构造上的列和石工技术墙之间的相互作用有关，与初步的分析被总结。

简介：BasedonAPISTD1104-2005andCSAZ662-2007,fieldgirthweldingtestsandgirthweldabilityevaluationswereexecutedforthreetypesofwallthicknessX70UOEpipeline,inwhichthemostpopularmainlinegirthweldingmethod,single-wireautomaticgasmetalarcwelding(GMAW),wasused.Theweldingprocedurespecificationwasoptimizedtoachieveagoodqualityandcold-crack-freegirthweldjointwithoutpreheatingorpost-weldheattreatment.Inaddition,porosities,inclusions,andincompletefusiondefectswereavoided.Thetensilestrength,bending,Vickershardness,CharpyV-notchimpacttoughness,andcracktipopeningdisplacementfracturetoughnessofthegirthweldjointwereevaluated,andthejointexhibitedgoodmechanicalperformance.Thus,thefieldgirthweldabilityofBaosteel’sX70UOEpipelineisexcellentforautomaticGMAW.

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简介：在一个应用磁场(MF)的影响下面，eigenenergies和地面和第一个激动的状态(GFES)的特徵函数被在联合不均匀的Gaussian潜在的量很好的强壮的electron-LO-phonon(AGPQW)使用Pekar类型(VMPT)的一个变化方法获得。这个AGPQW系统可以作为二水平的qubit被采用。数字结果显示了(i)当电子处于GFES的重叠状态位于时，我们在AGPQW获得时间进化和电子概率密度的并列变化，(ii)由于在AGPQW的生长方向的不均匀的潜力的存在，概率密度显示出双山峰配置，而仅仅有一个，如果监禁是在AGPQW的xy飞机的二维的对称的，达到顶点，(iii)oscilla

简介：Inagasturbineenginecombustor,highlyswirlingcombustionisusuallyadoptedtostabilizeflameandreducepollutantemissions.Swirlcup,asanairblastatomizer,iswidelyusedtoprovideauniformpresentationoffueldropletstothecombustordome.Thispaperinvestigatedtheeffectofsecondaryswirlerontheflowfielddownstreamoftheswirlcupusingparticleimagevelocimetry(PIV).Threeswirlcups’non-reactingflowfieldwerestudied:caseA,BandCwithsecondaryswirlervaneangle53°,60°and68°respectively.Detailedmeanandtransientvelocitiesandvorticityinthecenterplanewereobtained.FromthePIVresults,asharpcontrastflowfieldwasobtainedforcaseAtoothertwocasesduetothelowersecondaryswirlingintensity.TherecirculationzoneiscollapsedindisorderforthecaseA.Ignitiontestsofthethreecupswerecompletedinasinglecupcombustor.Ingeneral,theignitionperformanceincreaseswiththeincreasingofthesecondaryswirlingintensity.ForcaseA,theignitionperformanceisveryunstableandhasmuchrandomnessandthereisnoclearleanignitionboundarycanbegenerated.Thisworkcanfurtherunderstandtheswirlbehaviorandignitionmechanism.

简介：Asanewjettechnologydevelopedinrecentyears,thesupercriticalcarbondioxide(SC-CO2)jettechnologyenjoysmanyadvantageswhenappliedinoilandgasexplorations.InordertostudythepropertiesandparametricinfluencesoftheSC-CO2jet,theflowfieldsoftheSC-CO2jetaresimulatedusingthecomputationalfluiddynamicsmethod.TheflowfieldoftheSC-CO2iscomparedwiththatofthewaterjet.TheinfluencesofseveralparametersontheflowfieldoftheSC-CO2jetarestudied.Itisindicatedthatlikethewaterjet,thevelocityandthepressureoftheSC-CO2jetcouldbeconvertedtoeachother,andtheSC-CO2jetcangenerateasignificantimpactpressureonthewall,theSC-CO2jethasastrongerimpactpressureandahighervelocitythanthoseofthewaterjetunderthesameconditions,themaximumvelocityandtheimpactpressureoftheSC-CO2jetincreasewiththeincreaseofthenozzlepressuredrop,underthestimulationconditionofthisstudy,theinfluenceoftheSC-CO2temperatureontheimpactpressurecanbeneglectedinengineeringapplications,whilethemaximumvelocityoftheSC-CO2jetincreaseswiththeincreaseofthefluidtemperature.ThispapertheoreticallyexploresthepropertiesoftheSC-CO2jetflowfield,andtheresultsmightprovideatheoreticalbasisfortheapplicationoftheSC-CO2jetinoilandgaswelldrillingsandfracturingstimulations.

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简介：这份报纸为大楼描述一套所在地的地震安全评估系统，它基于一个网络平台被开发。嵌进从地震以后的地根据食物被完成的量的研究结果的系统工作，第2部分：对大楼的安全评价，GB18208.2-2001,并且进一步被开发进一个容易使用的软件平台。系统针对允许在地点上设计专业版，民用的engineeingtechnicists或影响地震的牺牲品在地震以后通过一个网络估计损坏大楼。作者深入地学习了函数结构，安全评估模块的进程设计，和系统的层次分析算法模块，并且开发了一般体系结构设计，开发技术和系统的数据库设计。象层次建筑学设计和JavaEE那样的技术在系统发展被使用，并且MySQL5在数据库发展被采用。结果是损坏和安全的信息收集，安全评估，和输出的完全的评估进程度，以及询问和识别大楼的统计分析。系统能在分享专家起一个积极作用地震以后的经验和一个地震领域上的大楼的支持的安全评估。

简介：Bilayermembranesself-assembledfromamphiphilicmoleculessuchaslipids,surfactants,andblockcopolymersareubiquitousinbiologicalandphysiochemicalsystems.Theshapeandstructureofbilayermembranesdependcruciallyontheirmechanicalpropertiessuchassurfacetension,bendingmoduli,andlinetension.Understandinghowthemolecularpropertiesoftheamphiphilesdeterminethestructureandmechanicsoftheself-assembledbilayersrequiresamolecularlydetailedtheoreticalframework.Theself-consistentfieldtheoryprovidessuchatheoreticalframework,whichiscapableofaccuratelypredictingthemechanicalparametersofself-assembledbilayermembranes.Inthisminireviewwesummarizetheformulationoftheself-consistentfieldtheory,asexemplifiedbyamodelsystemcomposedofflexibleamphiphilicchainsdissolvedinhydrophilicpolymericsolvents,anditsapplicationtothestudyofself-assembledbilayermembranes.