简介:Usingbi-spinorfieldswewritethepseudo-scalarandbi-spinorfieldsthatarecharacterizedbythefieldfunctionsofcoordinatesofseveralparticles,namelymulti-particlefields.Byapplyingthequantizationproceduretothesemulti-particlefields,hadroniccreationandannihilationoperatorshavebeenobtained.
简介:Onenearfieldacousticholography(NAH)techniqueisproposedforanalyzingcyclostationarysoundfield.Thesignalofthiskindofsoundfieldhasveryseriousmodulationphenomenongenerally,inspectrumofwhichobvioussidebandsexist.ItisdifficultforthetraditionalNAHtopossessdemodulationfunction,sovirtualpowerofsidebandsexistsinitshologram.ReplacingtheFourier'stransformwiththesecond-ordercyclicstatistics,theproposedNAHtechniqueusesthecyclicspectrumdensity(CSD)functionasreconstructedphysicalquantity,insteadofthespectrumorpowerspectrumdensityofsoundpressuresignal.TheCSDfunctioncandemodulatecyclostationarysignals,whichmakesnovirtualpowerofsidebandsinitshologram.TheresultsofsimulationandexperimentshowthattheproposedNAHcanextractmoreinformationaboutcyclostationarysoundfieldthantraditionalNAH,bywhichsoundfieldcanbeknownmoreclearly.
简介:Inthenormal-modetheoryofMorse,itgivesaseriesofnormalmodesasthesolutionofforcedvibrationinaroom.Butactuallythereisalwaysthedirectradiationbesidesthenormalmodeswhichrepresentthereverbrantsoundfieldonly.Thereasonisthatthenormalmodeswereassumedonlyinthesource,andnaturallynormalmodesonlyareobtainedinthesolution.Atheoryofdoublesourceisproposed,thatthesoundsourceisboththesourceofthedirectradiationasifinfreespacebeforetheboundarysurfaceswerereachedbythedirectradiation,andafterthefirstreflectionfromtheboundarysurfaces,thesourceofthereflectedwavelets,randomlydistributedbothinspaceanintimeontheboundarysurfacesthatbuildupthenormalmodesafterfurtherreflections.Thewaveequationisformedaccordingly,andthesolutionofthewaveequation,thesoundfieldinaroom,containsexplicitlyboththedirectradiationandthereverberantsoundformedofnormalmodes.Theapproximatemeansquaresoundpressureisfoundtobethedircetsounddeterminedbythesoundpowerofthesource,andreverberantsounddeterminedbythesoundpowerreducedbyafactorofπ/2,differentslightlyfromtheresultobtainedfromenergyconsideration,ifthesourceispuretone.Thereisessentiallynodifferenceforasourceofbandnoise.
简介:Itisconsiderednecessarythatanadditionaltermrepresentingthedirectsoundbeintroducedintotheclassicalnormalmodesolutionofsoundfieldinenclosures,toaccordwithpracticeandtomaketheformu-lamoreuseful.
简介:Inanon-freefield,theexistenceofdisturbingsourceswoulddestroythefree-fieldconditionrequiredbynear-fieldacousticholography,andconfusetheidentificationoftargetsourceduetothescatteringeffectcausedbydisturbingsoundfallingonthetargetsource.Tototallyremovetheinfluenceofdisturbingsource,amethodforrecoveringandreconstructingthetargetsoundfieldinanon-freefieldwasproposedbasedontheequivalentsourcemethodandthepressure-velocitymeasurement.Intheproposedmethod,thesoundfieldseparationtechniquewasfirstlyusedtoseparatethemixedsoundfieldintotheoutgoingfieldcomingfromthetargetsourceandtheincomingfieldcomingfromthedisturbingsource.Thenthescatteredcomponentcontainedintheoutgoingfieldwascalculatedbyusingthedisturbingsoundandthesurfaceimpedanceofthetargetsource.Finally,thesoundfieldradiatedbythetargetsourceinafreefieldwasobtainedbysubtractingthescatteredcomponentfromtheoutgoingfieldandwasfurtherusedtoreconstructthesoundfieldofthetargetsource.Theproposedmethodwasnumericallyandexperimentallytestifiedandtheresultsofboththesimulationandtheexperimentdemonstratedthevalidityoftheproposedmethod.
简介:Conventionalperiodicstructuresusuallyhavenontunablerefractiveindicesandthusleadtoimmutablephotonicbandgaps.Aperiodicstructurecreatedinanultracoldatomsensemblebyexternallycontrolledlightcanovercomethisdisadvantageandenablelotsofpromisingapplications.Here,twonoveltypesofopticallyinducedsquarelattices,i.e.,theamplitudeandphaselattices,areproposedinanultracoldatomsensemblebyinterferingfourordinaryplanewavesunderdifferentparameterconditions.Wedemonstratethatinthefar-fieldregime,theatomicamplitudelatticewithhightransmissivitybehavessimilarlytoanidealpuresinusoidalamplitudelattice,whereastheatomicphaselatticescapableofproducingphaseexcursionacrossaweakprobebeamalongwithhightransmissivityremainsequallyideal.Moreover,weidentifythatthequalityofTalbotimagingaboutaphaselatticeisgreatlyimprovedwhencomparedwithanamplitudelattice.Suchanatomiclatticecouldfindapplicationsinallopticalswitchingatthefewphotonslevelandpavesthewayforimagingultracoldatomsormoleculesbothinthenear-fieldandinthefar-fieldwithanondestructiveandlenslessapproach.
简介:StrengtheninginternationalcooperationisthefocusofChina’sforestrysector’sopeningtotheoutsideworld.Inthepastfewyears,Chinahasconductedvariousformsofcooperationintheforestryindustrywithmanyothercountriesandinternationalorganizationsandthecooperationwillbestrengthenedonthebasisofmutualbenefit.AlleffortsareaimedatexpandingtheopeningofChina’sforestryindustryandupgradingthelevelofforestry